Transhumanismo: una Perspectiva desde las diferencias biológicas basadas en la desigualdad de riqueza
Transhumanism: a Perspective from Biological Differences based on Wealth Inequality
Resumen
El transhumanismo es un movimiento filosófico centrado en el uso creciente de la tecnología para fusionar a los humanos con las máquinas, con el fin de conseguir a futuro seres humanos con mayor inteligencia, inmunes a las enfermedades, hermosos y físicamente poderosos. Si bien esta corriente filosófica tiene un creciente número de adeptos, también posee una significativa cantidad de críticos y detractores. El estudio del transhumanismo se debe analizar desde diferentes contextos: sociales, culturales, políticos y económicos para comprender cuán ético y viable es. Aun cuando el transhumanismo supone riesgos notables para la humanidad no se puede negar que el desarrollo tecnológico abre a su paso varias posibilidades de aplicaciones en beneficio de la sociedad.
Descargas
Citas
THOMAS, A, “Transhumanism and Inequality : Enhancing Human Life Could Bring Dystopian Consequences”, Genetic Literacy Project, 2017, 1–9.
KOCH, T, “Transhumanism, Moral Perfection, and Those 76 Trombones,” The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, No. 2, 179–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhz040.
NIETHAMMER, F, Der Streit des Philanthropinismus und Humanismus in der Theorie des Erziehungs-Unterrichts unsrer Zeit, Jena, 1808.
ALBA BERMÚDEZ, Juan Manuel, “Aporte de la filosofía jurídica al concepto persona”, Revista portuguesa de filosofía, Vol. 77, 2021, 2-3
A. CAMPANA, “The Origin of the Word Humanist”, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Instituies, IX, 1946, 60-73.
FERRATER MORA, J, Diccionario de Filosofía, Buenos Aires, Editorial Sudamericana, 875-881.
HUXLEY, J, “Transhumanism”, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 8, no. 1, 1968, 73–76, https://doi.org/10.1177/002216786800800107.
JALÓN, M, “Reseña de ‘Dédalo e Ícaro. El futuro de la ciencia’ de John B. HALDANE y Bertrand RUSSELL,” Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, XXVIII, no. 101, 2008, 252–53, https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=265019652027.
PICHARDO, L, “Reinventing Bioethics in a Post-Humanist and Post-Truth Society, The Present and Future of Bioethics,” Persona y Bioética, 22, 2018), 212–22, http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0123-31222018000200212&nrm=iso.
SUTHERLAND, J, “The Ideas Interview: Nick Bostrom”, The Guardian, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2006/may/09/academicexperts.genetics.
SÎRBU, I, “Transhumanism - the Semi-Truth of Trends (Security and Defense Aspects)”, International Journal of Communication Research 10, no. 3, 2020, 271.
PAVLOV, A, “Posthumanism: The Overcoming and the Legacy of Postmodernism”, Voprosy Filosofii, no. 5, 2019, 24–35, https://doi.org/10.31857/S004287440005053-3.
SÎRBU, I, “Transhumanism - the Semi-Truth of Trends (Security and Defense Aspects)”, International Journal of Communication Research 10, no. 3, 2020, 271.
BERNSTEIN, A, The Future of Immortality, OXFORD, Princeton University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77d3d.
DUBROVSKY, D, “Global Future 2045. Convergent Technologies (NBICS) and Transhumanism Evolution”, Moscow, MBA Publications, 2013.
MAINETTI, J, “Bioética Del Posthumanismo y El Mejoramiento Humano”, Revista Redbioética/UNESCO 5, no. 9, 2014, 33.
TERRONES, A, “Transhumanismo y Ética de La Responsabilidad”, Resonancias. Revista de Filosofía, no. 4, 2018, 59–73.
CYRANOSKI, D, “CRISPR Gene-Editing Tested in a Person for the First Time”, Nature, England, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20988.
ALBA BERMÚDEZ, Juan Manuel, “La bioética en las vacunas de Arnm y ensayo clínicos contra el SARS-COV-2”, Revista Jurídica Cálamo, Vol. 16, 2021, 34-45.
WADE, N, “Scientists Seek Ban on Method of Editing the Human Genome”, The New York Times, March 19, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/science/biologists-call-for-halt-to-gene-editing-technique-in-humans.html.
RYAN SMITH, W, et al., “Nanotechnology in Orthopedics: A Clinically Oriented Review”, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19, no. 1, 2018, 67, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-1990-1. Omer ADIR, O, et al., “Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology for Precision Cancer Medicine”, Advanced Materials,32, no. 13, 2020. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901989.
CAVELIER, L, et al., “Clonal Distribution of BCR-ABL1 Mutations and Splice Isoforms by Single-Molecule Long-Read RNA Sequencing”, BMC Cancer 15, no. 1, 2015, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1046-y.
ARDUI, S, et al., “Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) Sequencing Comes of Age: Applications and Utilities for Medical Diagnostics”, Nucleic Acids Research 46, no. 5, 2018, 2159–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky066.
DOEDE, R, “Transhumanism, Technology, and the Future,” The Appraisal Journal 7, 2009, 39–54.
THOMAS, A, “Transhumanism and Inequality : Enhancing Human Life Could Bring Dystopian Consequences”, Gentic Literacy Project.
BANCO MUNDIAL & ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD, “La Falta de Servicios de Salud Representa Un Desperdicio En Materia de Capital Humano: Cinco Maneras Para Lograr Una Cobertura Sanitaria Universal,” December 7, 2018, https://www.bancomundial.org/es/news/immersive-story/2018/12/07/lack-of-health-care-is-a-waste-of-human-capital-5-ways-to-achieve-universal-health-coverage-by-2030.
ADOLE EJEMBI, P, “International human rights and the bourgeoning interface between transhumanism and allied sciences: quandaries, parallels and prospects”, International journal of comparative law and legal philosophy (ijocllep), 1, no. 1, 2020.
CHAVARRÍA, G, “El Posthumanismo y Los Cambios En La Identidad Humana”, Revista Reflexiones 94, no. 1, 2015, 97–107, https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-28592015000100097.
HAYLES, K, “Wrestling with Transhumanism”, Transhumanism and Its Critics, 2011, 215–26.
BOSTROM, N; ROACHE, R, “Ethical Issues in Human Enhancement”, New Waves in Applied Ethics, 2008, 120–52.
MANZI, M, More-Than-Human Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America Maya Manzi, São Paulo, Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies, 2020. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/manzi.2020.29.
BOSTRUM, N, “Bioethics, Humanism and Post-Humanism in the Twenty-First Century: The Search for a New Human Being?”, Transhumanist Declaration, n.d.
ONU, “Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos”, Asamblea General de Las Naciones Unidas 1976, no. Naciones Unidas. Derechos Humanos. Oficina del Alto Comisionado, 1976, 9. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/ccpr_SP.pdf.
BOSTROM, N, “Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective”, Journal of Value Inquiry, Oxford, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:INQU.0000019037.67783.d5.
MCKIBBEN, B, “Enough: Staying Human in an Engineered Age”, Journal of Medical Ethics 30, no. 6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2003.006312.
ANNAS, G; ANDREWS, L; ISASI, R, “Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations”, American Journal of Law & Medicine, 28, 2002, 151–78.
MACDONALD GLENN, L, “A Review of: ‘James Hughes. 2004. Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future”, The American Journal of Bioethics 5, no. 5, 2005, 81–82, https://doi.org/10.1080/15265160500246418.
LILLEY, S, Transhumanism and Society, 1st ed., SpringerBriefs in Philosophy, Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4981-8.
BOSTRUM, “Bioethics, Humanism and Post-Humanism in the Twenty-First Century: The Search for a New Human Being?”, Transhumanist Declaration, n.d.
FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE, F, Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for Everyone and Nobody, Oxford University Press, New York, 1954.14-15.