Combating corruption in the educational sphere: Ukrainian experience
Keywords:
corruption, education, right to education, corruption offences, anti-corruption management
Abstract
Based on expert estimates, 17% of corrupt practices are committed in this area, and the authors identify the leading causes of corruption in the educational sphere. The objective is the non-recognition of teachers and lecturers as subjects of criminal corruption offenses, low level of the labor expense,
inventory, and logistics management discrepancy in educational institutions of different groups with modern educational methods. Subjective reasons include the mutual “benefit” of corrupt practices to all participants in the educational process; disenchantment with the profession due to burnout; certain aspects of mentality; the sense of impunity for blackmailing offenses and receiving gifts. Regarding scientific research methods, their branched complex and multilevel structure are proposed: philosophical, empirical research, methods of theoretical cognition: general logical methods, specific scientific methods. The principal means to combat corruption in the educational sphere is preventive increasing the level of labor expense in the academic sphere; improving the inventory and logistics management of the educational institutions at all levels and regions; avoiding the mutual “benefit” to all participants in the educational process and anti-corruption means (criminalization for all teaching and research-pedagogical staff for the commission of the criminal offense).
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References
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KOSTINA, Olga. 2015. Corruption in kindergarten: how to fight it? Available online. In: http://genplanua.com/korrupciya-v-detskom-sadu-kak-s- nej-borotsya-938.html (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
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MELNYCHUK, Olga. 2015. Constitutional and legal support of the right to education in Ukraine in the context of the European experience (Doctor thesis). The Institute of State and Law is named after V. M. Koretsky of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
NIKULINA, Nina. 2017. Methods of fighting corruption in educational institutions. NovaInfo, 62-3. Available online. In: https://novainfo.ru/ article/12109. Consultation date: 04/04/2021. (in Russian).
OSIPYAN, Ararat. 2010. “Corruption in postgraduate education” In: TERRA ECONOMICUS. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 48–63.
PROCEDURE FOR RECEIVING CHARITABLE (VOLUNTARY) CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS FROM LEGAL ENTITIES AND INDIVIDUALS BY BUDGETARY INSTITUTIONS AND ESTABLISHMENTS OF EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL PROTECTION, CULTURE, SCIENCE, SPORTS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR THE NEEDS OF THEIR FINANCING APPROVED BY A RESOLUTION OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1222. 2000. (in Ukrainian). Available online. In: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1222-2000-%D0%BF#Text (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
PUSHKINA, Olga. 2007. “The right to education in the system of cultural rights of the people and the community” In: Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. No. 12 (74), 16–26. (in Ukrainian).
SALARIES OF TEACHERS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS WILL INCREASE DURING 2021. 2020. Available online. In: https://mon.gov.ua/ua/news/zarplati-pedagogichnih- pracivnikiv-u-zakladah-serednoyi-zagalnoyi-osviti-zbilshuvatimutsya- protyagom-2021-roku-mon. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
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TEACHER AVERAGE SALARY IN GERMANY 2020. 2020. Available online. In: http://www.salaryexplorer.com/salary-survey.php?loc=81&loctype=1&job=123&jobtype=. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
THE STATE OF CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE POPULATION, BUSINESS AND EXPERTS 2020. Available online. In: https://nabu.gov.ua/open-office/biblio/sociologiya/stan-korupciyi-v- ukrayini-za-ocinkami-naselennya-biznesu-ta-ekspertiv (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 217 A .1948. Available online. In: https://www.un.org/en/ about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Drafted%20 by%20representatives%20with%20different,all%20peoples%20 and%20all%20nations. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
YUKHACHEV, Serhii. 2008. “Corruption in the educational system: typology and consequences” In: Socio-economic phenomena and processes. Vol. 3, pp. 110-113. (in Russian).
BABENKO, Kostiantyn; LAZARENKO, Serhii. 2015. Corruption in the higher education system: essence, causes and consequences. Public administration: improvement and development, 2. Available online. In: https://6aas.gov.ua/ua/proekty/articles/b/560-koruptsiya-v-sistemi- vishchoji-osviti-sutnist-prichini-ta-naslidki.html. Consultation date: 09/04/2021. (in Ukrainian).
BUBNOV, Yurii. 2014. “Corruption in the education system” In: Sociology 4, pp. 112–121. (in Russian).
BUKHARINA, Nadiia. 2016. “Corruption in educational institutions: concept and signs” Actual problems of Russian law. Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 133–144. (in Russian).
CODE OF LABOR LAWS OF UKRAINE № 322-VIII OF 10.12.71 ВВР, APPENDIX TO № 50, ART. 375. 1971. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/322-08#Text. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF GEORGIA No 3710 of 15 October 2010 – LHGI, No 62, 5.11.2010, Art. 379. 1995. Available online. In: https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/8153/file/Georgia_Const_am2018_ ENG.pdf. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CONSTITUTION OF THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK. 1953. Available online. In: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Denmark_1953.pdf. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA. 1995. Available online. In: http://www.concourt.am/armenian/legal_resources/world_ constitutions/constit/armenia/armeni-e-old.htm. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND. 1997. Available online.In: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/id/4429. Consultationdate: 09/04/2021.
CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE № 254к/96-ВР. 1996. Availableonline. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CORRUPTION IN EDUCATION: THREATS TO THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY. 2019. Available online.In: https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/nacionalna-bezpeka/korupciya- v-osvitniy-galuzi-zagrozi-strategichnomu-rozvitku (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CORRUPTION IN EDUCATION. 2020. Available online. In: https://acwalks. com.ua/knowledgebase/koruptsiia-v-sferi-osvity/ (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
CORRUPTION RISK RATING OF INSTITUTIONS AWARDING DEGREES IN ECONOMICS. 2015. Available online. In: https://voxukraine.org/ uk/corruption-risks-ranking-ukr/. Consultation date: 09/04/2021. (in Ukrainian).
DAMM, Iryna. 2016. “The dialectics of anti-corruption” In: Actual problems of economics and law. Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 6–17. (in Ukrainian).
DOMESTIC AND EXTERNAL FINANCING FOR EDUCATION. 2014. Available online. In: https://www.globalpartnership.org/docs/reports/ results-2014-15/Chapter%203%20-%20Domestic%20and%20 External%20Financing%20for%20Education.pdf. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
ERIKENOV, Seit. 2018. Corruption in the field of higher education: manifestations, causes and ways to overcome. Available online. In: https://refdb.ru/look/2951632.html (in Russian). Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
ETICO – FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN EDUCATION. 2020. Available online. In: https://en.unesco.org/news/etico-fighting-corruption-education. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS. 1950. Available online. In: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
GOYUK, Iryna. 2016. Corruption in education: how not to get into its net.Available online. In: https://www.oa.edu.ua/ua/info/news/2016/18-03-03. Consultation date: 09/04/2021. (in Ukrainian).
HAROLD, Noah; ECKSTEIN, Max. 2001. Fraud and Education: The worm in the apple. Towman and Littlefield Publishers. Lanham (Maryland).
HESSE, German. 2013. “Talk about painful things” In: The quality of education.No. 8, pp.14–19. (in Russian).
GRAHAM, Hugh. 1999. Britannica. Available online. In: https://www.britannica.com/topic/education. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
HUTSULA, Volodymyr. 2020. Bribery as part of scientific ethics. Available online. In: https://zbruc.eu/node/77679. Consultation date: 04/04/2021. (in Ukrainian).
IMPROVEMENT OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE 2016. Available online. In: https://xn--d1a1akm.xn--p1ai/index.php?id=673&page=dokumentyi. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
ISSUE OF RAISING SOCIAL STANDARDS FOR EDUCATION – ONE OFTHE PRIORITIES 2020. Available online. In: https://mon.gov.ua/ua/ news/mon-pitannya-pidvishennya-socialnih-standartiv-dlya-osvityan- odne-z-prioritetnih. Consultation date: 04/04/2021. (in Ukrainian).
JUDGMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE IN CASE № 1-4 / 2004 OF 4 MARCH 2004 № 5-RP / 2004. 2004. Availableonline. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v005p710-04#Te (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
KHARLANOVA, Yuliia. 2015. Professional burnout of teachers: identification and prevention. Psychological support for the safety of the educational environment of the school in the context of the introduction of new educational and professional standards. No. 3, pp. 94-98. (in Russian).
KULISH, Anatoliy; HARUST, Yurii; REZNIK, Oleg; UTKINA, Maryna. 2016. “Implementation and Administrative Framework of the Inclusive Education in the Context of the European Integration Process” In: Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. Vol. 7, Issue 6, No. 20, pp. 1405-1417.
KIRYA, Monica. 2019. Education sector corruption: How to assess it and ways to address it. UK. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial – No Derivatives 4.0 International licence.
KOSTINA, Olga. 2015. Corruption in kindergarten: how to fight it? Available online. In: http://genplanua.com/korrupciya-v-detskom-sadu-kak-s- nej-borotsya-938.html (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
KOVTUN, Anna. 2014. Anti-corruption strategy in higher education. Available online. In: https://lvet.edu.ua/images/doc/AntuKorupcijna/strategia. pdf. Consultation date: 04/04/2021. (in Ukrainian).
LAW OF UKRAINE “On Higher Education” № 1556-VII. 2014. (in Ukrainian).
MELNYCHUK, Olga. 2015. Constitutional and legal support of the right to education in Ukraine in the context of the European experience (Doctor thesis). The Institute of State and Law is named after V. M. Koretsky of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
NIKULINA, Nina. 2017. Methods of fighting corruption in educational institutions. NovaInfo, 62-3. Available online. In: https://novainfo.ru/ article/12109. Consultation date: 04/04/2021. (in Russian).
OSIPYAN, Ararat. 2010. “Corruption in postgraduate education” In: TERRA ECONOMICUS. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 48–63.
PROCEDURE FOR RECEIVING CHARITABLE (VOLUNTARY) CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS FROM LEGAL ENTITIES AND INDIVIDUALS BY BUDGETARY INSTITUTIONS AND ESTABLISHMENTS OF EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL PROTECTION, CULTURE, SCIENCE, SPORTS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR THE NEEDS OF THEIR FINANCING APPROVED BY A RESOLUTION OF THE CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE № 1222. 2000. (in Ukrainian). Available online. In: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1222-2000-%D0%BF#Text (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
PUSHKINA, Olga. 2007. “The right to education in the system of cultural rights of the people and the community” In: Bulletin of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. No. 12 (74), 16–26. (in Ukrainian).
SALARIES OF TEACHERS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS WILL INCREASE DURING 2021. 2020. Available online. In: https://mon.gov.ua/ua/news/zarplati-pedagogichnih- pracivnikiv-u-zakladah-serednoyi-zagalnoyi-osviti-zbilshuvatimutsya- protyagom-2021-roku-mon. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
TAPP, Fiona. 2012. Teacher Burnout: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention. Professional development teacher burnout, health and wellness, teacher stress relief. Available online. In: https://www.wgu.edu/heyteach/ article/teacher-burnout-causes-symptoms-and-prevention1711.html. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
TEACHER AVERAGE SALARY IN GERMANY 2020. 2020. Available online. In: http://www.salaryexplorer.com/salary-survey.php?loc=81&loctype=1&job=123&jobtype=. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
THE STATE OF CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE POPULATION, BUSINESS AND EXPERTS 2020. Available online. In: https://nabu.gov.ua/open-office/biblio/sociologiya/stan-korupciyi-v- ukrayini-za-ocinkami-naselennya-biznesu-ta-ekspertiv (in Ukrainian). Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 217 A .1948. Available online. In: https://www.un.org/en/ about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Drafted%20 by%20representatives%20with%20different,all%20peoples%20 and%20all%20nations. Consultation date: 04/04/2021.
YUKHACHEV, Serhii. 2008. “Corruption in the educational system: typology and consequences” In: Socio-economic phenomena and processes. Vol. 3, pp. 110-113. (in Russian).
Published
2021-10-05
How to Cite
Kolomoyets, T., Reznik, O., Bondarenko, O., Utkina, M., & Goncharova, A. (2021). Combating corruption in the educational sphere: Ukrainian experience. Political Questions, 39(70), 696-715. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.41
Section
Derecho Público
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