Potencial entomopatog�nico de microrganismos termotolerantes isolados de Dermestes maculatus infectados contra larvas de Culex pipiens

• Ali Boulanouar Laboratory Development of Biological Resources and Food Security/ TAHRI Mohamed University of Bechar - ALGERIA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2464-2337
• Zineb Hamani Laboratory Development of Biological Resources and Food Security/ TAHRI Mohamed University of Bechar - ALGERIA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0968
• Benlarbi Larbi Laboratory Development of Biological Resources and Food Security/ TAHRI Mohamed University of Bechar - ALGERIA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-6289

Palavras-chave: quitina, entomopatogênico, quitinolítico, larvicida, ecológico

Resumo

Durante o verão, quando as temperaturas atingem níveis extremos, os habitantes do Saara buscam refúgio nos oásis em busca de sombra e água. Esses ecossistemas são caracterizados por um microclima único. No entanto, enfrentam sérias ameaças de duas espécies de artrópodes: escorpiões venenosos e mosquitos, que atuam como vetores de doenças. Os produtos químicos utilizados afetam tanto os componentes bióticos quanto abióticos do ecossistema e, de forma mais crítica, a saúde humana. Microrganismos entomopatogênicos quitinolíticos foram isolados a partir de amostras de poeira coletadas de cadáveres de Dermestes maculatus. A quitina extraída de cascas de camarão (rendimento: 16,6 %) foi utilizada como única fonte de carbono no meio seletivo para seu cultivo. Cinco cepas foram obtidas: três fungos (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Mucor sp.) e duas bactérias (Bacillus sp. e Actinomiceto). Os bioensaios realizados com larvas de terceiro instar de Culex pipiens mostraram que Actinomiceto (10⁶ CFU.mL^-1) causou 90 % de mortalidade, seguido por A. fumigatus, Mucor sp. e Bacillus sp. (80 %). Os dados foram analisados por meio de ANOVA de uma via e teste de Duncan (p<0,05). As observações microscópicas revelaram deformidades larvais severas. Esses resultados confirmam o forte potencial larvicida dos microrganismos como alternativas ecológicas aos inseticidas químicos.

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