Potencial entomopat�geno de microorganismos termotolerantes aislados de Dermestes maculatus infectados contra larvas de Culex pipiens

• Ali Boulanouar Laboratory Development of Biological Resources and Food Security/ TAHRI Mohamed University of Bechar - ALGERIA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2464-2337
• Zineb Hamani Laboratory Development of Biological Resources and Food Security/ TAHRI Mohamed University of Bechar - ALGERIA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0968
• Benlarbi Larbi Laboratory Development of Biological Resources and Food Security/ TAHRI Mohamed University of Bechar - ALGERIA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-6289

Palabras clave: quitina, entomopatógenos, quitinolíticos, larvicida, ecológico

Resumen

Durante el verano, cuando las temperaturas alcanzan valores extremos, los habitantes del Sahara buscan refugio en los oasis para obtener sombra y agua. Estos ecosistemas se caracterizan por un microclima único. Sin embargo, enfrentan graves amenazas de dos especies de artrópodos: los escorpiones venenosos y los mosquitos, que actúan como vectores de enfermedades. Los productos químicos utilizados afectan tanto los componentes bióticos como abióticos del ecosistema y, de manera más crítica, la salud humana. Se aislaron microorganismos entomopatógenos quitinolíticos a partir de muestras de polvo recolectadas de los cadáveres de Dermestes maculatus. La quitina extraída de caparazones de camarón (rendimiento: 16,6 %) se utilizó como única fuente de carbono en el medio selectivo para su cultivo. Se obtuvieron cinco cepas: tres hongos (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Mucor sp.) y dos bacterias (Bacillus sp. y Actinomiceto). Los bioensayos contra larvas de tercer estadio de Culex pipiens mostraron que Actinomiceto (10⁶ CFU.mL^-1) provocó un 90 % de mortalidad, seguido por A. fumigatus, Mucor sp. y Bacillus sp. (80 %). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA de una vía y la prueba de Duncan (p<0,05). Las observaciones microscópicas revelaron deformidades larvales severas. Estos resultados confirman el fuerte potencial larvicida de los microorganismos como alternativas ecológicas a los insecticidas químicos.

Citas

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