Relación entre personalidad y toma de decisiones en los juegos económicos
Palabras clave:
rasgos de personalidad, toma de decisiones, incentivos de cooperación, juego del ultimátum, juego de bienes comunes
Resumen
El análisis de la personalidad de los miembros de una organización puede ser un elemento clave en la gestión empresarial. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar los incentivos de cooperación a través de la existencia de un fondo. Para ello, se examinó los rasgos de personalidad que pueden inferirse a partir del comportamiento en los juegos económicos, empleando dos juegos: bienes públicos y ultimátum, y se midió la personalidad de los participantes con el modelo de los Cinco Grandes. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de los datos recogidos en una población de estudiantes universitarios españoles. Los resultados sugieren que los más extravertidos recibirán un menor beneficio en la segunda ronda y que el aprendizaje producido entre las dos rondas podría deberse al rasgo de apertura a la experiencia. Este rasgo parece estar relacionado con la oferta realizada y las cantidades que los jugadores estaban dispuestos a aceptar. Los hallazgos pueden ser de interés en diversas áreas de la gerencia empresarial, tales como gestión de equipos o negociación. Se concluye la posibilidad de perfilar indirectamente determinados rasgos de personalidad a través del comportamiento en los juegos económicos.
Citas
Allgaier, K., Ścigała, K. A., Trautwein, U., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2020). Honesty-humility and dictator and ultimatum game-giving in children. Journal of Research in Personality, 85, 103907. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRP.2019.103907
Bagherian, M., & Mojambari, A. K. (2016). The Relationship between BIG Five Personality Traits and Assertiveness. Tendenzen, 25(3), 111–119.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions ans job performance: a meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1744-6570.1991.TB00688.X
Becker, A., Deckers, T., Dohmen, T., Falk, A., & Kosse, F. (2012). The Relationship Between Economic Preferences and Psychological Personality Measures. Annual Review of Economics, 4, 453–478. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-ECONOMICS-080511-110922
Bellemare, C., Sebald, A., & Suetens, S. (2018). Heterogeneous guilt sensitivities and incentive effects. Experimental Economics, 21(2), 316–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9543-2
Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes Across Cultures and Ethnic Groups: Multitrait Multimethod Analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
Boone, C., de Brabander, B., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (1999). The impact of personality on behavior in five Prisoner’s Dilemma games. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20(3), 343–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(99)00012-4
Brandstätter, H., Güth, W., Himmelbauer, J., & Kriz, W. (1999). Prior dispositions and actual behavior in dictator and ultimatum games (SFB 373 Discussion Paper, No. 1999,52). Humboldt University of Berlin, Interdisciplinary Research Project 373: Quantification and Simulation of Economic Processes.
Camerer, C., & Ho, T. (2015). Behavioral Game Theory Experiments and Modeling. In Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications (Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 517–573). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53766-9.00010-0
Caputo, A. (2014). Relevant information, personality traits and anchoring effect. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 13(1), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDM.2014.058470
Chávez-Santana, L., Ruiz-Mafé, C., & Curras-Pérez, R. (2021). Efectos de los usos y gratificaciones de Facebook en la elección de destinos turísticos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 27(3), 12–138. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i3.36760
Depue, R., & Morrone-Strupinsky, J. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(3), 313–350. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05000063
Díaz-Landa, B., Meleán-Romero, R., & Marín-Rodriguez, W. (2021). Rendimiento académico de estudiantes en Educación Superior: predicciones de factores influyentes a partir de árboles de decisión. Telos Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios En Ciencias Sociales, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.36390/telos233.08
Diekmann, A. (2004). The Power of Reciprocity. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(4), 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002704265948
González, J. L., & López, R. M. (2016). Personalidad y Comportamiento. Perfilación Indirecta de Personalidad. In Comportamiento no Verbal: más allá de la comunicación y el lenguaje. Madrid: Pir{á}mide.
Guillen, V., & Castellano, Nelson. (2022). Desarrollo de competencias gerenciales para el abordaje de la discapacidad intelectual. Negotium. Revista Científica Electrónica de Negocios., 51, 41–51.
Güth, W., Schmittberger, R., & Schwarze, B. (1982). An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 3(4), 367–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(82)90011-7
Hardin, G. (2009). The Tragedy of the Commons. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 1(3), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390450903037302
Hauert, C. (2011). Cooperation, collectives formation and specialization. Advances in Complex Systems, 9(4), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525906000847
Hirsh, J. B., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Extraversion, neuroticism, and the prisoner’s dilemma. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 254–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2008.10.006
Janssen, M. A., & Ahn, T. K. (2006). Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games. Ecology and Society, 11(2). http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art21/
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: theory and research. (3rd ed, pp. 114–158). Guilford Press.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). Big Five Inventory ( Bfi ). In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Second Edition: Theory and Research. Guilford Press.
Kaltwasser, L., Hildebrandt, A., Wilhelm, O., & Sommer, W. (2016). Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative reciprocity in the ultimatum game. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(10), 1608–1617. https://doi.org/10.1093/SCAN/NSW069
Keser, C., & Gardner, R. (1999). Strategic behavior of experienced subjects in a common pool resource game. International Journal of Game Theory 1999 28:2, 28(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/S001820050108
Kurzban, R., & Houser, D. (2001). Individual differences in cooperation in a circular public goods game. European Journal of Personality, 15(S1), S37–S52. https://doi.org/10.1002/PER.420
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric Properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_8
Morell, A. (2019). The short arm of guilt. An experiment on group identity and guilt aversion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 166, 332–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.06.022
Moshagen, M., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2018). The dark core of personality. Psychological Review, 125(5). https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000111
Müller, J., & Schwieren, C. (2020). Big Five personality factors in the Trust Game. Journal of Business Economics, 90, 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-019-00928-3
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Perolat, J., Leibo, J. Z., Zambaldi, V., Beattie, C., Tuyls, K., & Graepel, T. (2017). A multi-agent reinforcement learning model of common-pool resource appropriation. 31st Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2017).
Salvador-Moreno, J. E., Torrens-Pérez, M. E., Vega-Falcón, V., & Noroña-Salcedo, D. R. (2021). Diseño y validación de instrumento para la inserción del salario emocional ante la COVID-19. Retos, 11(21). https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n21.2021.03
Thaler, R. H. (1988). Anomalies: The Ultimatum Game. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(4), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1257/JEP.2.4.195
Volk, S., Thöni, C., & Ruigrok, W. (2011). Personality, personal values and cooperation preferences in public goods games: A longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(6), 810–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.001
Voslinsky, A., & Azar, O. H. (2021). Incentives in experimental economics. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 93, 101706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2021.101706
Zárate-Torres, R., Rey-Sarmiento, F., Prada, R., & Acosta-Prado, J. (2022). Estilo de liderazgo según el género: diferencias basadas en la personalidad de hombres y mujeres. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 27(Especial 7), 167–185.
Zhao, K., & Smillie, L. D. (2014). The Role of Interpersonal Traits in Social Decision Making: Exploring Sources of Behavioral Heterogeneity in Economic Games. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(3), 277–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314553709
Ziaran, P., Bacik, R., Gavurova, B., & Fedorko, R. (2021). Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues. 8(4), 571–583.
Bagherian, M., & Mojambari, A. K. (2016). The Relationship between BIG Five Personality Traits and Assertiveness. Tendenzen, 25(3), 111–119.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions ans job performance: a meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1744-6570.1991.TB00688.X
Becker, A., Deckers, T., Dohmen, T., Falk, A., & Kosse, F. (2012). The Relationship Between Economic Preferences and Psychological Personality Measures. Annual Review of Economics, 4, 453–478. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-ECONOMICS-080511-110922
Bellemare, C., Sebald, A., & Suetens, S. (2018). Heterogeneous guilt sensitivities and incentive effects. Experimental Economics, 21(2), 316–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9543-2
Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes Across Cultures and Ethnic Groups: Multitrait Multimethod Analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.729
Boone, C., de Brabander, B., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (1999). The impact of personality on behavior in five Prisoner’s Dilemma games. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20(3), 343–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(99)00012-4
Brandstätter, H., Güth, W., Himmelbauer, J., & Kriz, W. (1999). Prior dispositions and actual behavior in dictator and ultimatum games (SFB 373 Discussion Paper, No. 1999,52). Humboldt University of Berlin, Interdisciplinary Research Project 373: Quantification and Simulation of Economic Processes.
Camerer, C., & Ho, T. (2015). Behavioral Game Theory Experiments and Modeling. In Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications (Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 517–573). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53766-9.00010-0
Caputo, A. (2014). Relevant information, personality traits and anchoring effect. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 13(1), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDM.2014.058470
Chávez-Santana, L., Ruiz-Mafé, C., & Curras-Pérez, R. (2021). Efectos de los usos y gratificaciones de Facebook en la elección de destinos turísticos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 27(3), 12–138. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i3.36760
Depue, R., & Morrone-Strupinsky, J. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(3), 313–350. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05000063
Díaz-Landa, B., Meleán-Romero, R., & Marín-Rodriguez, W. (2021). Rendimiento académico de estudiantes en Educación Superior: predicciones de factores influyentes a partir de árboles de decisión. Telos Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios En Ciencias Sociales, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.36390/telos233.08
Diekmann, A. (2004). The Power of Reciprocity. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(4), 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002704265948
González, J. L., & López, R. M. (2016). Personalidad y Comportamiento. Perfilación Indirecta de Personalidad. In Comportamiento no Verbal: más allá de la comunicación y el lenguaje. Madrid: Pir{á}mide.
Guillen, V., & Castellano, Nelson. (2022). Desarrollo de competencias gerenciales para el abordaje de la discapacidad intelectual. Negotium. Revista Científica Electrónica de Negocios., 51, 41–51.
Güth, W., Schmittberger, R., & Schwarze, B. (1982). An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 3(4), 367–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(82)90011-7
Hardin, G. (2009). The Tragedy of the Commons. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 1(3), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390450903037302
Hauert, C. (2011). Cooperation, collectives formation and specialization. Advances in Complex Systems, 9(4), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525906000847
Hirsh, J. B., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Extraversion, neuroticism, and the prisoner’s dilemma. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(2), 254–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2008.10.006
Janssen, M. A., & Ahn, T. K. (2006). Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games. Ecology and Society, 11(2). http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art21/
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: theory and research. (3rd ed, pp. 114–158). Guilford Press.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). Big Five Inventory ( Bfi ). In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Second Edition: Theory and Research. Guilford Press.
Kaltwasser, L., Hildebrandt, A., Wilhelm, O., & Sommer, W. (2016). Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative reciprocity in the ultimatum game. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(10), 1608–1617. https://doi.org/10.1093/SCAN/NSW069
Keser, C., & Gardner, R. (1999). Strategic behavior of experienced subjects in a common pool resource game. International Journal of Game Theory 1999 28:2, 28(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/S001820050108
Kurzban, R., & Houser, D. (2001). Individual differences in cooperation in a circular public goods game. European Journal of Personality, 15(S1), S37–S52. https://doi.org/10.1002/PER.420
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric Properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_8
Morell, A. (2019). The short arm of guilt. An experiment on group identity and guilt aversion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 166, 332–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.06.022
Moshagen, M., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2018). The dark core of personality. Psychological Review, 125(5). https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000111
Müller, J., & Schwieren, C. (2020). Big Five personality factors in the Trust Game. Journal of Business Economics, 90, 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-019-00928-3
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
Perolat, J., Leibo, J. Z., Zambaldi, V., Beattie, C., Tuyls, K., & Graepel, T. (2017). A multi-agent reinforcement learning model of common-pool resource appropriation. 31st Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2017).
Salvador-Moreno, J. E., Torrens-Pérez, M. E., Vega-Falcón, V., & Noroña-Salcedo, D. R. (2021). Diseño y validación de instrumento para la inserción del salario emocional ante la COVID-19. Retos, 11(21). https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n21.2021.03
Thaler, R. H. (1988). Anomalies: The Ultimatum Game. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(4), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1257/JEP.2.4.195
Volk, S., Thöni, C., & Ruigrok, W. (2011). Personality, personal values and cooperation preferences in public goods games: A longitudinal study. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(6), 810–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.001
Voslinsky, A., & Azar, O. H. (2021). Incentives in experimental economics. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 93, 101706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2021.101706
Zárate-Torres, R., Rey-Sarmiento, F., Prada, R., & Acosta-Prado, J. (2022). Estilo de liderazgo según el género: diferencias basadas en la personalidad de hombres y mujeres. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 27(Especial 7), 167–185.
Zhao, K., & Smillie, L. D. (2014). The Role of Interpersonal Traits in Social Decision Making: Exploring Sources of Behavioral Heterogeneity in Economic Games. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(3), 277–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314553709
Ziaran, P., Bacik, R., Gavurova, B., & Fedorko, R. (2021). Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues. 8(4), 571–583.
Publicado
2023-01-02
Cómo citar
López, R., Calvo, J. L., & De la Torre, I. (2023). Relación entre personalidad y toma de decisiones en los juegos económicos. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 28(101), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.101.2
Número
Sección
Desempeño laboral y bienestar social en las organizaciones
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