Estrategias empresariales para evaluar el riesgo geopolítico y la toma de decisiones en empresas globales: revisión sistemática de literatura

• Carlos Hernán González-Parias http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-8662
• Juan Camilo Mesa Bedoya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-9988
• José Albán Londoño-Arias http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-5039
• Carolina Yepes Hernández https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7068-8517

Abstract

El objetivo principal es sistematizar y analizar la evidencia empírica disponible sobre las estrategias que las empresas globales utilizan para evaluar y mitigar el riesgo geopolítico en sus procesos de toma de decisiones. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura bajo la metodología PRISMA, con el fin de garantizar un enfoque exhaustivo, riguroso y transparente en la selección y análisis de los estudios. La revisión se centró en artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2024, en inglés y en español, que abordaran estrategias de evaluación y mitigación del riesgo geopolítico en contextos empresariales globales. Los hallazgos revelan que las empresas que adoptan enfoques proactivos y multidimensionales —incluyendo la diversificación de proveedores, el uso de tecnologías avanzadas y el fortalecimiento de alianzas estratégicas— logran reducir significativamente la incertidumbre derivada de los cambios geopolíticos.

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