Trazando el Camino hacia la Internacionalización Empresarial

• Silvia Paola Gallardo-Figueroa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-3017
• Lissette Hernández-Fernández
• Albeiro Beltrán-Diaz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-0708
• Sandra Marcela Espitia González https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-6977

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.108.18

Abstract

En este artículo se ahonda en diversos aspectos del proceso de internacionalización de las empresas en el actual mundo globalizado y dinámico. Para ello se siguió la metodología prisma, diseñando una ecuación de búsqueda para las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, 83 artículos fueron incluidos en este análisis. Los resultados permiten identificar como factores que motivan la internacionalización: la visión y ambición de los empresarios, el conocimiento y las capacidades internas de marketing e innovación, y factores externos de tipo económico, político y cultural. También se identifica que las mejores prácticas adoptadas por las empresas para ingresar a mercados internacionales están relacionas con fusiones y adquisiciones transfronterizas, formación de alianzas estratégicas, exportación e inversión en el exterior. Además, se reconocen como resultados de la internacionalización: la mejora de la ventaja competitiva, el crecimiento económico y un mejor desempeño corporativo. El estudio concluye que la internacionalización es vital para la competitividad y el crecimiento de las PYMES, permitiéndoles mejorar su ventaja competitiva, acceder a nuevos recursos y mercados, y diversificar riesgos. También identifica como desafíos significativos, los costos elevados de estos procesos y las barreras culturales y administrativas.

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