Predictores psicológicos del bienestar subjetivo de los emprendedores mexicanos

Abstract

El estudio del bienestar subjetivo de los emprendedores ha cobrado importancia en las últimas décadas siendo analizado desde el área económica y psicológica para explicar los factores que lo fomentan y lo condicionan. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar el impacto de los rasgos de la personalidad y el capital psicológico en el bienestar de los emprendedores mexicanos. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, analizando emprendedores de negocios en una región del norte de México con una muestra de 319 emprendedores, el análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en PLS. Los resultados principales revelan que los rasgos de la personalidad que propician el bienestar subjetivo de los emprendedores mexicanos del norte del país son la apertura, la conciencia y el neuroticismo, así como el capital psicológico. Este trabajo proporciona pruebas a la sociedad académica y a aquellos vinculados al entorno empresarial acerca de las características psicológicas que favorecen el bienestar de los emprendedores.

Author Biographies

Anais Estefanía González-Peña

Dra. En Ciencias Administrativas por la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México. Jefa de Departamento en Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia de Tamaulipas. Profesor en Universidad La Salle Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Correo electrónico: anais.gonzalez@ulsavictoria.edu.mx. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0671-6558

Yesenia Sánchez-Tovar

Dra. En Economía por la Universidad de Zaragoza, España. Profesor Investigador de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México. Correo electrónico: yesanchez@docentes.uat.edu.mx. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-191X

Rafael Ravina-Ripoll

Dr. En Historia por la Universidad de Cádiz, España. Profesor Asociado en Universidad de Cádiz, España. Correo electrónico: rafael.ravina@uca.es. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-3123

Luis Bayardo Tobar-Pesantez

Dr. En Economía y Estadística por la Universidad de León, España. Profesor Investigador en Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador. Correo electrónico: ltobar@ups.edu.ec. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-8323

References

Abreu, M., Oner, O., Brouwer, A., & van Leeuwen, E. (2019). Well-being effects of self-employment: A spatial inquiry. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.11.001

Ahunov, M., & Yusupov, N. (2017). Risk attitudes and entrepreneurial motivations: Evidence from transition economies. Economics Letters, 160, 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.08.016

Amador Ruiz, J. P., & Briones-Peñalver, A. J. (2017). Factores determinantes que influyen para el emprendimiento de microempresas en el municipio de León, Nicaragua. REICE Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas, 5(9), 01–30. https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v5i9.4360

Anglim, J., & Grant, S. (2016). Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: Incremental prediction from 30 facets over the big 5. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9583-7

Anglin, A. H., Short, J. C., Drover, W., Stevenson, R. M., McKenny, A. F., & Allison, T. H. (2018). The power of positivity? The influence of positive psychological capital language on crowdfunding performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 470–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.03.003

Antoncic, B., Bratkovic kregar, T., Singh, G., & Denoble, A. F. (2015). The big five personality–entrepreneurship relationship: Evidence from Slovenia. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 819–841. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12089

Ardianti, R., Obschonka, M., & Davidsson, P. (2022). Psychological well-being of hybrid entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 17(e00294), e00294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00294

Arora, P., Haynie, J. M., & Laurence, G. A. (2013). Counterfactual thinking and entrepreneurial self–efficacy: The moderating role of self–esteem and dispositional affect. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), 359–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00472.x

Augusto Landa, J. M., Martos, M. P., & López-Zafra, E. (2010). Emotional intelligence and personality traits as predictors of psychological well-being in Spanish undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(6), 783–793. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.6.783

Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070

Awwad, M. S., & Al-Aseer, R. M. N. (2021). Big Five personality traits impact on entrepreneurial intention: the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-09-2020-0136

Azoulay, P., Jones, B. F., Kim, J. D., & Miranda, J. (2020). Age and high-growth entrepreneurship. American Economic Review. Insights, 2(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180582

Baluku, M. M., Kikooma, J. F., Bantu, E., & Otto, K. (2018). Psychological capital and entrepreneurial outcomes: the moderating role of social competences of owners of micro-enterprises in East Africa. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0113-7

Bardi, A., & Ryff, C. D. (2007). Interactive effects of traits on adjustment to a life transition. Journal of Personality, 75(5), 955–984. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00462.x

Beliaeva, T., Shirokova, G., Wales, W., & Gafforova, E. (2020). Benefiting from economic crisis? Strategic orientation effects, trade-offs, and configurations with resource availability on SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(1), 165–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0499-2

Berglund, V., Johansson Sevä, I., & Strandh, M. (2016). Subjective well-being and job satisfaction among self-employed and regular employees: does personality matter differently? Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 28(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2015.1115699

Bernal Torres, C. A. (2010). Metodología de la investigación: Para administración, economía, humanidades y ciencias sociales. Pearson Education.

Bockorny, K., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2019). Entrepreneurs’ Courage, Psychological Capital, and Life Satisfaction. Frontiers in psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00789

Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007

Chadwick, I. C., & Raver, J. L. (2020). Psychological resilience and its downstream effects for business survival in nascent entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718801597

Chakhar, S., Ishizaka, A., Thorpe, A., Cox, J., Nguyen, T., & Ford, L. (2020). Calculating the relative importance of condition attributes based on the characteristics of decision rules and attribute reducts: Application to crowdfunding. European Journal of Operational Research, 286(2), 689–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.03.039

Chen, C., Zhang, J., Tian, H., & Bu, X. (2022). The impact of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial success and psychological well-being: a person-centered investigation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2021-0977

Cohen, D. K. (1988). Teaching practice: Plus ça change. (Vol. 88). East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Education.

Costa, P. T. y McCrae, R. R. (1999). NEO PI-R, Inventario de Personalidad NEO revisado (NEO PI-R, revised NEO, Personality Inventory). Manual. Madrid, España: TEA.

Costa, P. T., Jr, & McCrae, R. R. (1987). Neuroticism, somatic complaints, and disease: Is the bark worse than the bite? Journal of Personality, 55(2), 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00438.x

Cruz-Vargas, D. J., & Sánchez-Aragón, R. (2021). Empatía y amor compasivo en el bienestar subjetivo y resiliencia de pacientes con cáncer y sus parejas. Psicología y Salud, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.25009/pys.v31i3.2725

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Koestner, R. (2001). The pervasive negative effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation: Response to Cameron (2001). Review of educational research, 71(1), 43–51. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3516066

Delhom, I., Satorres, E., & Meléndez, J. C. (2019). ¿Están los rasgos de personalidad asociados al bienestar psicológico? Escritos de psicologia, 12(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2019.0107

Dewal, K., & Kumar, S. (2017). The mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between big five personality traits and psychological well-being: A study of Indian entrepreneurs. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 8. https://www.proquest.com/openview/d3c9f6d11f2e77f5f30ba2b0f314571a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2032133

Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Sujective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 463–73). Oxford University Press.

García, C., Martínez, A., & Fernández, R. (2010). Características del emprendedor influyentes en el proceso de creación empresarial y en el éxito esperado. Revista europea de dirección y economía de la empresa, 19(2), 31–47. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3185118

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Reporte Nacional México (pp. 96–96).

Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26

Goldsmith, A. H., Veum, J. R., & Darity, W., Jr. (1997). The impact of psychological and human capital on wages. Economic Inquiry, 35(4), 815–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1997.tb01966.x

Hair, J., Hult, T., Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M., Castillo, J., Cepeda, G., & Roldán, J. (2021). Manual Avanzado de Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publishing.

Haynie, J. M., Shepherd, D., Mosakowski, E., & Earley, P. C. (2010). A situated metacognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(2), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.001

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424–453. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424

Huppert, F. A. (2009). Psychological Well‐being: Evidence Regarding its Causes and Consequences. Applied Psychology. Health and Well-Being, 1(2), 137–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01008.x

Hwee Nga, J. K. & Shamuganathan, G. (2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of business ethics, 95(2), 259–282. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40785086

Khan, D. (2020). Study of Relations between Personality Traits and Psychological Well-Being. OPUS: HR Journal, 11(1), 34.

Kumar, A., Mohapatra, M., Dhir, S., & Susan, S. (2022). Understanding the dynamics between personality, well-being and job performance: A proposed mediation and moderation model. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 5172–5181. https://www.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/2864

León-Pérez, J. M., Antino, M., & León-Rubio, J. M. (2017). Adaptation of the short version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) into Spanish / Adaptación al español de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico (PCQ-12). Revista de Psicología Social, 32(1), 196–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2016.1248024

Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 339–366. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324

Mobarakeh, M. R. V., Juhari, R., Yaacob, S. N., Redzuan, M., & Mobarakeh, S. I. (2015). The effects of personality traits and psychological well-being among Iranian adolescent migrants in Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(7), 25–28. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/46584/

Nikolaev, B., Boudreaux, C. J., & Wood, M. (2020). Entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: The mediating role of psychological functioning. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(3), 557–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719830314

Nikolaev, B., Shir, N., & Wiklund, J. (2020). Dispositional positive and negative affect and self-employment transitions: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(3), 451–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718818357

Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.008

Pandya, M. M., & Korat, N. R. (2015). Personality Traits and Psychological well-being among youths of rajkot district. International journal of Indian psychology, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.25215/0202.004

Rauch, A., van Doorn, R., & Hulsink, W. (2014). A qualitative approach to evidence–based entrepreneurship: Theoretical considerations and an example involving business clusters. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 333–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12093

Reese, E., Myftari, E., McAnally, H. M., Chen, Y., Neha, T., Wang, Q., Jack, F., & Robertson, S.-J. (2017). Telling the tale and living well: Adolescent narrative identity, personality traits, and well-being across cultures. Child Development, 88(2), 612–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12618

Ryff, C. D. (2019). Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: Five venues for new science. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 646–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.003

Salmony, F. U., Kanbach, D. K., & Stubner, S. (2022). Entrepreneurs in times of crisis: Effects of personality on business outcomes and psychological well-being. Traumatology, 28(3), 336–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000359

Santana-Cárdenas, S., Viseu, J. N., López-Núñez, M. I., & Jesus, S. N. (2018). Evidencias psicométricas sobre la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de capital psicológico (PCQ-12) en población mexicana. Anales de psicología, 34(3), 562–570. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.319211

Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2004). Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(3), 498–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.007

Sherman, C. L., Randall, C., & Kauanui, S. K. (2016). Are you happy yet? Entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being. Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion, 13(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2015.1043575

Stephan, U., Rauch, A., & Hatak, I. (2023). Happy entrepreneurs? Everywhere? A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship and wellbeing. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(2), 553–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587211072799

Su, Y., Zahra, S. A., Li, R., & Fan, D. (2020). Trust, poverty, and subjective wellbeing among Chinese entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 32(1–2), 221–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1640483

Sun, J., Kaufman, S. B., & Smillie, L. D. (2018). Unique associations between Big Five personality aspects and multiple dimensions of well-being. Journal of Personality, 86(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12301

Sundin, Z. W., Chopik, W. J., Welker, K. M., Ascigil, E., Brandes, C. M., Chin, K., Ketay, S., Knight, E. L., Kordsmeyer, T. L., McLarney-Vesotski, A. R., Prasad, S., Reese, Z. A., Roy, A. R. K., Sim, L., Stern, J., Carré, J. M., Edelstein, R. S., Mehta, P. H., Penke, L., … Tackett, J. L. (2021). Estimating the associations between big five personality traits, testosterone, and cortisol. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 7(3), 307–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-020-00159-9

Teo, T. S. H., Srivastava, S. C., & Jiang, L. (2008). Trust and electronic government success: An empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems : JMIS, 25(3), 99–132. https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222250303

van Dierendonck, D. (2004). The construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 629–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00122-3

Weinberg, M. K., Seton, C., & Cameron, N. (2018). The measurement of subjective wellbeing: Item-order effects in the personal wellbeing index—adult. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(1), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9822-1

Wen, M. (2020). Relationships between psychological capital, turnover intention and teambuilding of enterprise employees. Revista argentina de clínica psicológica, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.217

Wu, A., Song, D., & Yang, Y. (2020). Untangling the effects of entrepreneurial opportunity on the performance of peasant entrepreneurship: the moderating roles of entrepreneurial effort and regional poverty level. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 32(1–2), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1640479

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(2), 381–404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309335187
Published
2023-12-06
How to Cite
González-Peña, A. E., Sánchez-Tovar, Y., Ravina-Ripoll, R., & Tobar-Pesantez, L. B. (2023). Predictores psicológicos del bienestar subjetivo de los emprendedores mexicanos. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 28(10), 875-891. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.e10.1