Criminal protection of state secrets in Ukraine and EU countries

Protección penal de los secretos de Estado en Ucrania y en los países de la Unión Europea

Palabras clave: protección de secretos de Estado, seguridad nacional, responsabilidad penal, niveles de secreto, divulgación de información clasificada

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue esbozar las diferencias entre ciertos aspectos del sistema de protección de secretos de Estado en Ucrania y algunos países de la Unión Europea UE, lo que proporciona las bases para determinar las direcciones de mejora del sistema nacional de protección de secretos de Estado. En el artículo se utilizaron los siguientes métodos científicos generales: análisis y síntesis, deducción e inducción, analogía. Como resultado de la investigación, se consideraron los siguientes aspectos de la protección penal del secreto de Estado en Ucrania y los países de la UE identificados para la comparación: definición de secreto de Estado, tipos de información clasificada como secreto de Estado, niveles de secreto, términos de clasificación, responsabilidad por la divulgación del secreto de Estado. La contribución metodológica del estudio son las recomendaciones para la mejora de ciertos aspectos del sistema de protección de secretos de Estado en Ucrania. Se concluye que, la dirección de futuras investigaciones debe ser también la divulgación de características y medidas para optimizar el procedimiento de controles de seguridad de las personas que tienen acceso a información clasificada.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Biografía del autor/a

Vasyl Oliinyk, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine.

PhD of Juridical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Law Enforcement and Anti-Corruption Activities, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, 03039, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Larysa Herasymenko, National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine.

PhD of Law Sciences, Head of the Department, Department of Economic Security and Financial Investigations, National Academy of Internal Affairs, 03035, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Olena Tykhonova, National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Doctor of Law Sciences, Professor, Department of Economic Security and Financial Investigations, National Academy of Internal Affairs, 03035, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Ivan Syvodied, Institute of Law Vladimir of the Great Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine.

PhD of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Law Enforcement and Anti-corruption Activities, Institute of Law Vladimir of the Great Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, 03039, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Natalia Holdberh, Institute of Law Vladimir of the Great Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine.

PhD of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National Security Educational and scientific, Institute of Law Vladimir of the Great Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, 03039, Kyiv, Ukraine.

 

Citas

BOLDYR, Serhiy. 2018. “Reforming the state secret protection system: Legal aspects” In: Information and law. Vol. 1, pp. 112-120.

CLASSIFIED INFORMATION PROTECTION ACT. 2018. SG No. 44/29.05.2018. Available online. In: https://www.dksi.bg/media/1467/ classified_information_protection_act.pdf. Consultation date: 15/10/2022.

CRIMINAL CODE BULGARIA. 2017. No. BG078. Available online. In: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/ru/text/445836. Consultation date:
20/10/2022.

CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE. 2022. No. 2341-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text. Consultation date: 20/10/2022.

CRIMINAL LAW/KRIMINĀLLIKUMS. 2022. No. 199/200. Available online. In: https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=88966. Consultation date: 02/10/2022.

DENYSHCHUK, Denys. 2019. “General characteristics of the state criminal and executive office of ukraineas a subject of protection of the state secret” In: National Law Journal: Theory and Practice. Vol. 5, pp. 50-54.

DENYSHCHUK, Denys. 2021. “Modern problems of legal protection of state secrets” In: Modern problems of legal, economic and social development of the state: Abstracts of reports of the 10th International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 27th anniversary of the Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs. Kharkiv, Ukraine.

GLOBAL-REGULATION. 2010. The Act of 5 August 2010 on the Protection of Classified Information. Available online. In: https://www.global- regulation.com/translation/poland/2986485/the-law-of-5-august- 2010-for-the-protection-of-classified-information.html. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.

HALUSHKA, V; TIKHONOVA, V. 2021. State secret according to the criminal legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries of the world. Innovation in science and technology. Abstracts of ХIV International Scientific and Practical Conference. USA, Boston.

KHARCHENKO N. 2021. “Organizational and legal principles of protection of state secrets in Ukraine” In: Scientific Papers of National University “Odessa Law Academy” Vol. 29, pp. 208-214.

LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA. 1999. No VIII-1443 “On state and official secrets”. Available online. In: https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/ legalActPrint/lt?jfwid=&documentId=TAIS.443111&category=TAD. Consultation date: 18/10/2022.

LAW ON THE APPROVAL AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CRIMINAL CODE. 2010. No. XI-677. Available online. In: https://www.wipo.int/ wipolex/en/text/226044. Consultation date: 15/10/2022.

NEHODA, A. 2021. “Prevention of crimes in the sphere of protection of state secrets” In: Ensuring law and order and combating crime in Ukraine and the world: Problems and ways to solve them. Materials of the 1st International Scientific and Practical conference. Dnipro, Ukraine.

OLIINYK, Vasyl. 2020. “General social measures of criminal prevention offenses in the field of the protection of state secrets” In: Juridical Science. Vol. 11, No. 113, pp. 179-188.

ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF UKRAINE. 2020. No. n0005525-20. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/n0005525-20#Text. Consultation date: 20/09/2022.

ON THE PROTECTION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. 2005. Czech Act No. 412. Available online. In: http://www.sze.hu/~smuk/Nyilvanossag_ torvenyek_CEE/Informacioszabadsag/cz%20classified%20data%20 act%202005.pdf. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.

PENAL CODE. 2017. No EE225. Available online. In: https://www.wipo.int/ wipolex/en/text/432562. Consultation date: 15/10/2022.

PENAL CODE/KODEKS KARNY. 2023. No. XXXIII. Available online. In: http://www.przepisy.gofin.pl/przepisy,3,9,9,220,327785,2022011 2,art-265-269c-przestepstwa-przeciwko-ochronie-informacji.html. Consultation date: 02/01/2023.

PENAL CODE/TRESTNÍ ZÁKONÍK. 2023. No. 40/2009 Sb. Available online. In: https://www.podnikatel.cz/zakony/zakon-c-40-2009-sb-trestni- zakonik/uplne/. Consultation date: 04/01/2023.

PONOMARENKO, O. 2021. “Peculiarities of criminal protection of state secrets under US law” In: Information and law. Vol. 2, No. 37, pp. 123-128.

RADA. 2004. Law of the Republic of Latvia “On State Secrets”. Available online. In: http://lib.rada.gov.ua/static/LIBRARY/catalog/law/latv_tajna. html. Consultation date: 20/12/2022.

SERHIYCHUK, V. 2019. “The experience of some foreign countries on criminal- LEGAL protection of state secrets” In: Subcarpathian Law Herald. Vol. 2, No. 3(28), pp. 161-165.

STATE SECRETS AND CLASSIFIED INFORMATION OF FOREIGN STATES ACT. 2011. No. EE052. Available online. In: https://www.wipo.int/ wipolex/en/text/333535. Consultation date: 15/12/2022.

THE LAW OF UKRAINE ON STATE SECRETS. 2022. No 3855-XII. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3855-12#Text. Consultation date: 20/12/2022.

TOPOLEWSKI, Stanisław. 2020. “Classified Information Protection in Poland: Traditions and the Present Day” In: Safety and Defense. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 48-62.

TYSHCHUK, Viktor; SYVOVOL, Rostislav. 2021. “The criminological profile of the person who makes the disclosure of the state secrets” In: Bulletine Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E. O. Didorenko. Vol. 1, No. 93, pp. 305-315.

VDOVENKO, Serhiy; DANYK, Yuriy. 2019. “Legislative and regulatory aspects of problems in the field of protection of state secrets and official information and ways to solve them» In: Actual problems of state information security management: 10th All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference. Available online. In: http://ippi.org.ua/sites/ default/files/konf_04_04_2019.pdf. Consultation date: 20/12/2022.

WĄDOŁOWSKI, Rafał. 2022. “Protection of classified information in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Selected criminal and administrative regulations” In: Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego. Vol. 14, No. 27, pp. 276-299.

ZUB O. 2019. Improvement of Ukrainian legislation in the field of protection of state secrets and official information, taking into account NATO and EU security standards. In: Actual problems of state information security management X All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference. Kyiv. Available online. In: https://academy.ssu.gov. ua/uploads/p_57_54325835.pdf#page=155. Consultation date: 20/12/2022.
Publicado
2023-02-28
Cómo citar
Oliinyk, V., Herasymenko, L., Tykhonova, O., Syvodied, I., & Holdberh, N. (2023). Criminal protection of state secrets in Ukraine and EU countries: Protección penal de los secretos de Estado en Ucrania y en los países de la Unión Europea. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(76), 641-661. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.38