The use of special knowledge in the investigation of violent crimes

El uso de conocimientos especiales en la investigación de delitos violentos

• Volodymyr Bondar Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenka, IvanoFrankivsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-4555
• Kira Gorelkina Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-9488
• Liudmyla Kryvda National University «Odesa Law Academy», Odesa, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-3823
• Olena Nazaruk Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Ukraine, Lutsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-7243
• Tetiana Matiushkova Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-4581

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.13

Keywords: violent crimes, preliminary investigation, special knowledge, expert investigator, forensic medical examination

Abstract

The article is devoted to highlighting the issue of the use of special knowledge in the way of conducting an examination during the investigation of crimes committed with the use of violence. The study illustrates that the proposition that the expert’s participation in the evidence in criminal proceedings is based on the laws and categories of dialectics and formal logic and, moreover, is carried out by combining practical and intellectual activity. Also, the main and atypical types of examinations are distinguished: forensic medical; forensic psychiatric; forensic psychological; forensic biological; ballistics; cold weapons examination; trans- and dactyloscopic. Depending on the investigative situation at the time of the forensic examination and the available evidence, a list of issues to be resolved by the expert is indicated, such as: forensic chemistry during the investigation of violent crimes; forensic and orological; soil science; molecular and other genetic examinations, depending on the type of crime, the situation under investigation and the physical objects available. It was concluded that the theoretical and methodological foundations of such examinations need to be updated and adapted to the latest technology and the best state-of-the-art world experience.

References

ALEKSEEV, Oleksandr; VESELSKY, Viktor; PYASKOVSKY, Vadim. 2014. Investigation of certain types of crimes: a study guide. 2nd edition, revised and augmented. Kyiv, Ukraine.

AVDEEV, Mikhail. 1959. Course of forensic medicine. Gosyurizdat. Moscow, Russia.

CHRONOUS, Yulia. 2017. Forensic support for the investigation of crimes: a monograph. Nilan-LTD. Vinnytsia, Ukrania.

CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE. 2001. No. 2341-ІІІ-ВР. Database “Legislation of Ukraine” / Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https:// https://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF UKRAINE. 2012. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/4651-17. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

GONCHARENKO, Vladlen. 2010. Expertise in judicial practice: scientific and practical guide, 2nd edition, revised and supplemented. Yurynkom Inter. Kyiv, Ukraine.

HORA, Iryna. 2013. “Problems of using special knowledge in criminal justice of Ukraine” In: Legal journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs. No. 1, pp. 209–214.

ISHCHENKO, Petr. 1990. Specialist in investigative actions (criminal procaesal and forensic aspects). Yuridicheskaya literatura. Moscow, Russia.

KRAVCHENKO, Oleksandr; ZHEREBKO, Oleksandr; ZAVERYKO, Ruslana; VELMOZHNA-SYDOROVA, Antonina; CHASHNYTSKA, Tetiana. 2022. “Effectiveness of legislation and implementation of the rule of law” In: Cuestiones Politicas. Vol. 40, No. 72, pp. 69-88.

KRYVDA, Liudmyla; KRYVDA, Ruslan. 2021. “Genesis of forensic knowledge and directions of their use in investigation of violent crimes and crimes with gainful intent” In: Legal Bulletin. No. 2, pp. 133-145.

KUPIANSKY, Mykola. 2016. “Challenges in the use of specialized knowledge in the investigation of serial sexual-sadistic murders” In: Bulletin of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 118- 127.

LAZEBNY, Anatolii. 2016. “The role of special knowledge in the criminal justice system of Ukraine” In: International legal bulletin: collection of scientific works of the National University of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. No. 2, pp. 23-29.

MARKUS, Viktor. 2007. Forensics: education. manual Kyiv: Condor. Kyiv, Ukraine.

MIKHEEV, Roman. 1998. Criminal law and psychiatry. Far Eastern University Publishing House. Vladivostok, Russia.

NIKITINA-DUDIKOVA, Ganna. 2022. “Using special knowledge in the investigation of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and sexual integrity of children” In: Law and society. No. 3, pp. 219 225.

ON FORENSIC EXPERTISE. 1994. No. 4038-XII. Available online. In: https:// zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ru/4038-12/ed20170803. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICE OF UKRAINE. 1995. Order No. 6 registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 26.07.1995 under No. 248/784 (with amendments).

OVCHARENKO, Elena. 2006. Evidence in criminal cases of hooliganism (pre- trial proceedings): Scientific and practical. Allowance M. 128 p. Kiev, Ukraine.

PECULIARITIES OF SOIL SCIENCE EXAMINATION. 2017. Available online. In: https://kndise.gov.ua/osoblyvosti-provedennya-gruntoznavchoyi- ekspertyzy/. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

PHOL, Klaus Dieter. 1985. Natural-scientific criminology: The experience of using scientific and technical tools in the investigation of certain types of crimes. Translation from German. Legal literature. Moskow, Russia.

PYRIG, Ihor. 2011. Theoretical foundations of expert activity of internal affairs bodies: Monograph. Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

SHEPITKO, Valery. 2001. Investigator’s Handbook. In-Yure. Kyiv, Ukraine.

SOKYRAN, Fedir; VOITOVYCH, Yevhen. 2021. “Use of special knowledge in the investigation of enforced disappearances” In: Entrepreneurship, economy and law. No. 2, pp. 285-290.