Application of the method of computer forensic simulation of crimes in the course of an armed conflict
Aplicación del método de simulación informática forense de delitos en el curso de un conflicto armado
Keywords:
law enforcement, armed conflict, crime investigation, criminal justice, forensic methods
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the characteristics and perspectives of the use of computer simulation as a method for investigating crimes committed in the course of an armed conflict. In addition, the study involved a system approach, descriptive analysis, systematic sampling, doctrinal approach and prognostic methods. The author chooses the technological direction of application of the simulation (prospective or retrospective) and simulates the characteristics of the event, the identity of the offender, the victim of the crime and the sequence of the investigation process. In the course of hostilities, computer simulation can be performed by representatives of national and international law enforcement agencies, depending on the type of crime. Computer simulation in the course of armed conflict requires standardization of procedures and improvement of the substantive and instrumental components of the application of this method. It is concluded that this model has different perspectives for its development, which include: standardization of procedures with due regard to the specifics of the crime committed and the offender; details of information sources; technological direction of simulation; possible types of models; and, the need/appropriateness of involving international coordination assistance.
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References
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BILOUS, Ruslana. 2021. “Participation of criminal analysts in solving crimes.” In: Using the achievements of modern science and technology in solving crimes: materials of the scientific and practical round table. National Academy of Internal Affairs. Kyiv, Ukraine.
BLAHUTA, Roman; MOVCHAN, Anatolii. 2020. The latest technologies in the investigation of crimes: the current state and problems of use. Lviv State University of Internal Affairs. Lviv, Ukraine.
BRAGA DA SILVA, Rafael. 2020. “Sherlock at the ICC? Regulating Third- Party Investigations of International Crimes in the Rome Statute Legal Framework” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 59-86.
CALDWELL, Martyn; ANDREWS, Jerone; TANAY, Thomas; GRIFFIN, Lewis. 2020. “AI-enabled future crime” In: Crime Science. Vol. 9, No. 14, pp. 1-13.
D’ALESSANDRA, Federica; SUTHERLAND, Kirsty. 2021. “The Promise and Challenges of New Actors and New Technologies in International Justice” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 9-34.
DU, Xiaoyu; LE-KHAC, Nhien-An; SCANLON, Mark. 2017. “Evaluation of Digital Forensic Process Models with Respect to Digital Forensics as a Service” In: 16th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS 2017). Dublin, Ireland.
FARRELL ROSENBERG, Erin; NASSAR, Amal. 2022. “Response to Conflict- related Sexual Violence in Ukraine: Accountability and Reparations” In: Opinio Juris. Available online. In: http://opiniojuris.org/2022/06/21/ response-to-conflict-related-sexual-violence-in-ukraine-accountability- and-reparations/. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
FREEMAN, Lindsay. 2018. “Digital Evidence and War Crimes Prosecutions: The Impact of Digital Technologies on International Criminal Investigations and Trials” In: Fordham International Law Journal. Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 283-335.
FREEMAN, Lindsay. 2021. “Weapons of War, Tools of Justice: Using Artificial Intelligence to Investigate International Crimes” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 35-53.
GOLDSCHMIDT-GJERLØW, Beate; REMKES, Merel. 2019. “Frontstage and Backstage in Argentina’s Transitional Justice Drama: The Nietas’ Reconstruction of Identity on Social Media” In: International Journal of Transitional Justice. Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 349-367.
GUNHA, Rafael Rodrigues; ARRABAL, Claude Thiago; DANTAS, Marcelo Mourão; BASSANELLI, Hélio Rodrigues. 2022. “Laser scanner and drone photogrammetry: A statistical comparison between 3-dimensional models and its impacts on outdoor crime scene registration” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 330. 111100.
GUPTA, Sonia; GUPTA, Vineeta; VIJ, Hitesh; VIJ, Ruchieka; TYAGI, Nutan. 2015. “Forensic Facial Reconstruction: The Final Frontier” In: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 26-28.
HORSMAN, Graeme; SUNDE, Nina. 2022. “Unboxing the digital forensic investigation process” In: Science and Justice. Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 171-180.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT. 2013. Elements of Crimes. Available online. In: https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/Publications/ Elements-of-Crimes.pdf. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
INTERNATIONALCRIMINALCOURT;THEOFFICEОFTHEPROSECUTOR. 2014. Policy Paper on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes. Available online. In: https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/iccdocs/otp/ OTP-Policy-Paper-on-Sexual-and-Gender-Based-Crimes--June-2014. pdf. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
INTERPOL. 2015. Interpol’s support to the investigation and prosecution of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
JHA, Pranay; JHA, Raman; SHARMA, Ashok. 2019. “Behavior Analysis and Crime Prediction using Big Data and Machine Learning” In: International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 461- 468.
LOHNE, Kjersti. 2020. “Penal welfarism ‘gone global’? Comparing international criminal justice to The Culture of Control” In: Punishment and Society. Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 3-23.
LONGHI, Julien. 2021. “Using digital humanities and linguistics to help with terrorism investigations” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 318, pp. 1110564.
MAYANS-HERMIDA, Beatriz; HOLA, Barbora. 2020. “Balancing ‘the International’ and ‘the Domestic’: Sanctions under the ICC Principle of Complementarity” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 1103–1130.
McCLENDON, Lawrence; MEGHANATHAN, Natarajan 2015. “Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Analyze Crime Data” In: Machine Learning and Applications: An International Journal. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 12.
NIZAMANI, Sarwat; NIZAMANI, Saad; NIZAMANI, Sehrish; ISMAILI, Imdad. 2019. “On the computational models for the analysis of illicit activities” In: Computer Science: Computers and Society. Available online. In: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05691. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
PAVLIUK, Nazar. 2019. Application of 3D modeling during interrogation and investigative experiment. In: Innovative methods and digital technologies in criminology, forensic examination and legal practice: materials of the international “round table”. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
PRYAKHIN, Yevhen. 2022. Forensic means and methods of investigating criminal offenses. Lviv State University of Internal Affairs. Lviv, Ukraine.
RANI, Sudesh. 2018. “Digital Forensic Models: A Comparative Analysis” In: International journal of Management, IT and Engineering. Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 432-443.
RUDYK, Mykola; MASLIENIKOVA, Kateryna; NOSEVYCH, Nadiya; VINTSUK, Viktoriia; FATKHUTDINOV, Vasyl. 2022. “The Role of the Number of Detected Criminal Offenses in the Police Performance Indicators System” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No.73, pp. 90-107.
SARKIN, Jeremy Julian. 2021. “Promoting the Rights of Victims in Under- Resourced Places by Using Science and Technology That Can be Used by Ordinary People, to Deal with Human Rights Violations: Bolstering the Right to the Truth” In: Liverpool Law Review, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 339- 360.
SHAH, Neil; BHAGAT, Nandish; SHAH, Manan. 2021. “Crime forecasting: a machine learning and computer vision approach to crime prediction and prevention” In: Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine and Art. Vol. 4, No. 9, p. 14.
THAKAR, Akash; KUMAR, Kapil; PATEL, Baldev. 2021. “Next Generation Digital Forensic Investigation Model (NGDFIM) – Enhanced, Time Reducing and Comprehensive Framework” In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1767. 012054.
TYAGI, Deepika; SHARMA, Sanjiv. 2018. “An Approach to Crime Data Analysis: a Systematic Review” In: International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 67-74.
UN; DPKO/DFS SPECIALISED TRAINING MATERIALS. 2017. Prevention and Response to Conflict Related Sexual Violence. Available online. In: http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/400575/CRSV.Strategic_Module.pdf?sequence=88&isAllowed=y. Consultation date: 18/07/2022.
WANG, Jinming; LI, Zhengdong; HU, Wenhu; SHAO, Yu; WANG, Liyang; WU, Rongqi; MA, Kaijun; ZOU, Donghua; CHEN, Yijiu. 2019. “Virtual reality and integrated crime scene scanning for immersive and heterogeneous crime scene reconstruction” In: Forensic Science International. Vol. 303, pp. 109943.
ZARMSKY, Sarah. 2021. “Why Seeing Should Not Always Be Believing: Considerations Regarding the Use of Digital Reconstruction Technology in International Law” In: Journal of International Criminal Justice. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 213-225.
ZWEIG, Katharina; WENZELBURGER, Georg; KRAFFT, Tobias. 2018. “On Chances and Risks of Security Related Algorithmic Decision Making System” In: European Journal for Security Research. Vol. 3, pp. 181-203.
Published
2022-12-14
How to Cite
Tymchyshyn, A., Zvonarov, O., Mokhonko, O., Postryhan, V., & Popovych, O. (2022). Application of the method of computer forensic simulation of crimes in the course of an armed conflict: Aplicación del método de simulación informática forense de delitos en el curso de un conflicto armado. Political Questions, 40(75), 334-351. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.22
Section
Derecho Público
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