Measures for countering drug trafficking in Russia and Germany

Medidas para combatir el narcotráfico en Rusia y Alemania

• Vladimir Golubovsky Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Russia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-2620
• Mikhail Kostyuk Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Moscow, Russia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-0248
• Elena Kunts Federal State Institution of Scientific Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Moscow, Russia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-0574

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.22

Keywords: drug use prevention, narcotics trafficking, psychotropic substances, illicit trafficking, comparative legislation

Abstract

The aim of this research was to develop a coherent theoretical proposal for counteracting drug trafficking in Russia and Germany. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical and worldview approach. The latter determined the application of the general principles of cognition to study the current situation of drug abuse in Russia and Germany. Among the results stands out the fact that, previously tested forms of preventive work require careful restructuring and adjustment on the example of the implementation of the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation until 2030, which implies the involvement of various actors in the organization of preventive work. In addition, the scientific results of the research include a critical analysis of the legislation on drug trafficking, trends in the drug situation and criminological study of persons involved in drug trafficking. In conclusion, the authors provided a legal formulation of certain areas of the fight against drug trafficking in the Russian Federation and Germany.

References

AHMED, Serge; BADIANI, Aldo; MICZEK, Klaus; MÜLLER, Christian. 2020. “Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction” In: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. Vol. 110, pp. 3-27.

ANTONOV, Anton; AGILDIN, Vladimir; VITOVSKAYA, Evgenya. 2017. “On the public danger of crimes concerning illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and their analogues” In: All-Russian Criminological Journal. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 154-161.

BURLAKOV, Vadimir; MATVEEVA, Yana. 2017. “New norms on alternatives to criminal liability and punishment in the criminal law of Russia for economic criminals and drug addicts” In: All-Russian Criminological Journal. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 132-145.

CHEVTAEVA, Natalia; KACHANOVA, Elena; MAKHOVA, Natalia. 2017. “State anti-drug health policy in Russia (on the example of the Khanty- Mansiysk Autonomous District of the Russian Federation)” In: CBU International Conference Proceedings 2017: Innovations in Science and Education. Available online. In: https://ojs.journals.cz/index.php/ CBUIC/article/view/1210. Consultation date: 03/03/2021.

CHEVTAEVA, Natalia; KACHANOVA, Elena; NIKITNA, Alena. 2018. “Soft” and “tough” strategies of social control drug use” In: Sociological Studies. Vol. 415, No. 11, pp. 152-156.

ELISEEVA, Oksana. 2019. “Responsibility for drug trafficking” In: E-Scio. Vol. 10, No. 37, pp. 10-16. Available online. In: http://e-scio.ru/?p=8433. Consultation date: 03/03/2021.

GOLUBOVSKIY, Vladimir; KUNTS, Elena; MUSTAFAYEV, Rashad; KOSTYUK, Mikhail; MUSAEV, Elbek. 2021. “Collaboration of states in the prevention of illicit drug trafficking” In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Scientific-Practical Conference “Criminal Law and Operative Search Activities: Problems of Legislation, Science and Practice”, pp. 282-286.

GOLUBOVSKY, Vladimir 2019. Criminal drug abuse and organized crime. In: Combating Organized Crime and Ensuring National Security. Russian Criminological Association. Moscow, Russia.

GOLUBOVSKY, Vladimir; KUNTZ, Elena. 2019. “How to counteract illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances: Theory and practice” In: Issues of Law. Vol. 2, No. 71, pp. 50-53.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT AT THE SUPREME COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 2022. Judicial Statistics Data. Available online. In: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=5895. Consultation date: 30/01/2022.

KAMRADT-SCOTT, Adam; MCINNES, Colin. 2012. “The securitisation of pandemic influenza: Framing, security and public policy” In: Global Public Health. Vol. 7, No. S2, pp. 95-110.

KLEIMENOV, Mikhail. 2005. Issues of drug addiction in the assessment of the population. In: New Criminal Realities and Reaction to Them. Russian Criminological Association. Moscow, Russia.

KLEIMENOV, Mikhail; SEDELTSEV, Mikhail. 2021. “Legitimacy of the police” In: Law Enforcement. Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 34-44. Available online. In: https://enforcement.omsu.ru/jour/article/download/522/582 Consultation date: 03/03/2021.

KUNTS, elena; GOLUBOVSKIY, Vladimir. 2015. “The legal nature of ethnic and religious conflicts” In: Indian Journal of Science and Technology. Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 1-7.

KUNTS, Elena; GOLUBOVSKIY, Vladimir. 2017. “Legal defense of interethnic and religious relationships: Russian and international experience” In: Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 871-877.

LEGLEYE, Stephane; PIONTEK, Daniela; PAMPEL, Fred; GOFFETTE, Celine; KHLAT, Myriam; KRAUS, Ludwig. 2014. “Is there a cannabis epidemic model? Evidence from France, Germany and USA” In: International Journal of Drug Policy. Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1103-1112.

LINKLATER, Anthony. 2011. The Problem of Harm in World Politics: Theoretical Investigations. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.

LUNEEV, Victor. 1997. Crime of the 20th Century. World, Regional and Russian Trends. NORMA Publishing house. Moscow, Russia.

MACNICOL, Brent. 2017. “The biology of addiction” In: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 141-148.

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 2021. The Situation with Crime (Statistics). Available online. In: https://xn-- b1aew.xn--p1ai/reports/. Consultation date: 03/03/2021.

SHCHUROVA, Anna. 2017. Illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and their analogues using computer technologies (the Internet): Criminal law and criminological research. Dissertation of Candidate of Legal Sciences. St. Petersburg State University. St. Petersburg, Russia.

STATE ANTI-DRUG COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 2020. On the drug situation in The Russian Federation in 2019. State Anti- Drug Committee. Moscow, Russia.

SUTHERLAND, Rachel; BRUNO, Raimondo; PEACOCK, Amy; LENTON, Simon; MATTHEWS, Allison; SALOM, Caroline; BARRATT, Monica. 2017. “Motivations for new psychoactive substance use among regular psycho stimulant users in Australia” In: International Journal of Drug Policy. Vol. 43, pp. 23-32. Available online. In: https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/28161577/. Consultation date: 03/03/2021.

TAM, Cheuk Chi; BENOTSCH, Eric; WANG, Xiaolei; LIN, Danhua; DU, Hongfei; CHI, Peilian. 2018. “Non-medical use of prescription drugs and cultural orientation among college students in China” In: Drug Alcohol Dependence. Vol. 1, No. 192, pp. 271-276.

VAZ FERREIRA, Luciano; COSTA MOROSINI, Fabio. 2013. “The implementation of international anti-corruption law in business: Legal control of corruption directed to transnational corporations” In: Austral: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations. Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 246-247.

WEINSTEIN, Aviv; ROSCA, Paola; FATTORE, Liana; LONDON, Edythe. 2017. “Synthetic cathinone and cannabinoid designer drugs pose a major risk for public health” In: Frontiers in Psychiatry. Vol. 8, pp. 156–167. Available online. In: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ fpsyt.2017.00156/full. Consultation date: 28/10/2021.

ZDRAVNICA. 2021. Statistics of Drug Addiction in Russia 2020-2021. Available online. In: https://narcorehab.com/articles/statistika-narkomanii-v- rossii-2020-2021/#2 Consultation date: 28/10/2021.

ZHBANKOV, Victor; TABAKOV, Alexandrov; AVDONIN, Vladimir. 2016. Professionalization of organized drug-related criminal activity. Crime, Criminal Policy, and Law. Russian Criminological Association, Moscow, Russia.