Transformation of civil society in the context of political radicalism in eastern Europe

Transformación de la sociedad civil en el contexto del radicalismo político en Europa del Este

Keywords: nationalism, xenophobia, extremism, critical level of radicalization, protest culture

Abstract

The aim of the article was to identify the current state of the process of civil society transformation in the context of political radicalism in Eastern Europe. Comparative law and statistical analysis were the main methodological tools. The research showed that the development of political radicalism in Eastern Europe leads to the transformation of civil society. A more persistent and contentious public makes new demands on the political process. It also creates multidimensional tensions and conflicts. Representatives of radicalism gain strong positions in the political environment of society by supporting illiberalism, ethno-nationalism, culture wars and alternative knowledge. The process of merging militant and violent radicalism with family ethnonationalism is ongoing in the countries of Eastern Europe. It is concluded that this phenomenon requires constant implementation of political, legal and security strategies to prevent manifestations of political radicalism. The appropriateness and prospects of the activities of the Radicalization Awareness Network, developed by the European Union, were established.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Tetiana Madryha, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.

PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of Department of Political Institutions and Processes, Faculty of History, Politology and International Relations, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.

Oleksandr Kornievskyy, National Institute for Strategic Studies, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of Department of Humanitarian Policy and Civil Society Development, National Institute for Strategic Studies, 01054, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Yevgen Pereguda, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Political Sciences and Law, Faculty of Urban Studies and Spatial Planning, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 03037, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Irina Bodrova, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University”, Kharkiv.

PhD of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of Department of State Building, Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University”, 61024, Kharkiv.

Stepan Svorak, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.

Doctor of Law, Professor of Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.

References

BALUTA, Viktoria. 2018. Socio-psychological factors of radicalization of political behavior of young people. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Psychological Sciences. Kyiv. Available online. In: http://www.ispp.org.ua/backup_ispp/00030.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

BURCHETT, Julia; WEYEMBERGH, Anne; THEODORAKAKOU, Georgia. 2022. “Counterterrorism policies, measures and tools in the EU. An assessment of the effectiveness of the EU counterterrorism policy” Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs Directorate- General for Internal Policies PE 730.581. Available online. In: https:// www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2022/730581/ IPOL_STU(2022)730581_EN.pdf. Consultation date: 11/05/2022.

CACCIATORE, Michael; YEO, Sara; SCHEUFELE, Dietram; XENOS, Michael; BROSSARD, Dominique; CORLEY, Elizabeth. 2018. “Is Facebook Making Us Dumber? Exploring Social Media Use as a Predictor of Political Knowledge” In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. Vol. 95, No. 2, pp. 404-424.

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando; RAMA, José. 2021. “Polarization: What Do We Know and What Can We Do About It?” In: Frontiers in Political Science. Vol. 3, No. 687695.

COSSA, Alvaro Simao; POLOWCZYK, Jan; ORIEKHOVA, Tetyana; KISTERSKY, Leonid; BURKINA, Natalia. 2021. “MNCs leadership in global hypercompetition” In: Ad Alta-Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. Vol. 11, No. 2, Special Issue 20, pp. 159-164.

DELLA CROCE, Yoann; NICOLE-BERVA, Ophelia. 2021. “Civil Disobedience in Times of Pandemic: Clarifying Rights and Duties” In: Criminal law and philosophy, PMC8318054. Available online. In: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8318054/. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

DESRUES, Thierry; GOBE, Eric. 2021. “‘We don’t want to be governed like this anymore’: protest democracy as an expression of a crisis of governmentality in post-revolution Tunisia.” In: British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1080/1 3530194.2021.1996333. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2018. “Resolution of the Council of the European Union and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council on a framework for European cooperation in the youth field: The European Union Youth Strategy 2019-2027 (2018/C 456/01).” In: Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 61. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ PDF/?uri=OJ:C:2018:456:FULL&from. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

GOVERNMENT PORTAL. 2021. On approval of the State target social program “Youth of Ukraine” for 2021–2025 and amendments to some acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://www.kmu. gov.ua/npas/pro-zatverdzhennya-derzhavnoyi-cilovoyi-socialnoyi- programi-molod-ukrayini-na-20212025-roki-ta-vnesennya-zmin-do- deyakih-aktiv-kabinetu-ministriv-ukrayini-579-020621. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

ILKO KUCHERIV DEMOCRATIC INITIATIVES FOUNDATION. 2019. Who voted for whom: demography of the National Exit Poll in the 2019 parliamentary elections. Available online. In: https://dif.org.ua/article/ khto-za-kogo-progolosuvav-demografiya-natsionalnogo-ekzit-polu-na-Parlamentskikh-viborakh-2019?fbclid=IwAR1Dwb0ZtNljHrF2Wgo9 BRN0PCPSD09M8sFc9l6GQDBIOMu-ns3Ze-W0pRw. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

LIPHSHIZ, Cnaan. 2018. “Report: Ukraine had more anti-Semitic incidents than all former Soviet countries combined” Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Available online. In: https://www.jta.org/2018/01/28/israel/report- ukraine-had-more-anti-semitic-incidents-than-all-former-soviet- countries-combined. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

MARKER. 2021. Far-right confrontations and violence. Results of monitoring in 2020. Results of monitoring in 2020. Available online. In: https:// violence-marker.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/paper-ua-2021.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

MARKER. 2022. Far-right confrontations and violence. Results of monitoring in 2021. Results of monitoring in 2021. Available online. In: https:// violence-marker.org.ua/blog/2022/06/03/ultrapravi-konfrontacziyi- ta-nasylstvo-u-2021-roczi/. Consultation date: 11/05/2022.

MINISTRY OF YOUTH AND SPORTS OF UKRAINE. 2021. Reforming youth policy in accordance with modern demands of youth and the state. Annual report to the President of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the situation of youth in Ukraine (following the results of 2012–2021). Available online. In: https://mms. gov.ua/storage/app/sites/16/Molodizhna_polityka/dopovid-molod- 2012-2021-pdf.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

MÖRNER, Ninna (ed.). 2022. The Many Faces of the Far Right in the Post- Communist Space: A Comparative Study of Far-Right Movements and Identity in the Region. CBEES State of the Region Report 2021. Available online. In: https://sh.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1640388/ FULLTEXT01.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

MUKHITOV, Orynbassar; SHAUKENOVA, Zarema; KABUL, Oralbay; YESHNIYAZOVA, Ainur; BAIGABYLOV, Nurlan. 2022. “Structural measures to prevent radicalism among youth” In: Journal of Community Psychology. Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 1123-1134.

MUXEL, Anne. 2020. “Political Radicalism Among the Younger Generations” In: Youth and Globalization. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 123-136.

NUSSMAN, David. 2019. Persecution continues for Polish Catholic teen. ChurchMilitant.com. Available online. In: https://www.churchmilitant. com/news/article/persecution-for-young-catholic-in-poland. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

PRISLAN, Kaja; BOROVEC, Krunoslav; CAJNER MRAOVIĆ, Irena. 2020. “The Role of Civil Society and Communities in Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalisation” In: Police and Security. Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 223–245.

RABOTYAZHEV, Nikolay. 2020. “Far-right Radicalism in Ukraine in Past and Present” In: Post-Soviet Issues. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 516-531.

RAZUMKOV CENTER PROJECT. 2020. Ukraine’s party system after 2019: key features and prospects for further development. Kyiv. Available online. In: https://razumkov.org.ua/uploads/article/2020_part_sistem.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

SADOVSKAVA, Lyubov; FAKHRUTDINOVA, Naila; KOCHANOVA, Tatiana. 2019. “Global political destabilization and modern civic protest movements in sub-Saharan Africa” In: Journal of Globalization Studies. Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 77-90.

SMAZNOVA, Iryna. 2021. Violence and tolerance: a philosophical and legal study. Doctoral dissertation. Odesa. Available online. In: http://dspace. onua.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/11300/14487/%D0%94%D0%B8% D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1% 8F%20%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE% D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97%20%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF% D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

SOCIOLOGICAL GROUP RATING. 2018. Socio-political moods of the population: new challenges. Available online. In: https://ratinggroup. ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/rg_ukraine_042018_press_ua.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

SURAYA, Мansur; MULYANA, Ahmad. 2020. “Radicalism on Teens as the effect of Digital Media Usage” In: Journal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication. Vol. 36, pp. 76-89.

UMLAND, Andreas. 2020. “Ukrainian radical nationalists before and after Euromaidan: from right-wing party policy to “non-civil” society” In: Historiographical research in Ukraine. Vol. 31, pp. 148-207.

UNITED NATIONS. 2016. Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine 16 November 2015 to 15 February 2016. Available online. In: https:// www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/UA/ Ukraine_13th_HRMMU_Report_3March2016.pdf. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

VASILCHUK, Yevgen. 2016. Youth political radicalism and extremism in modern Ukraine. Doctoral dissertation. Kyiv. Available online. In: https://shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Vasylchuk_Yevhen/Molodizhnyi_politychnyi_radykalizm_ta_ekstremizm_u_suchasnii_Ukraini. pdf?PHPSESSID=0ul9khvetsgurr0artcmrs3u05. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2018. On National Security of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2469- 19#n355. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2021. On the National Youth Strategy until 2030. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/94/2021#Text. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.

VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2021a. On the Basic Principles of Youth Policy. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1414- 20#Text. Consultation date: 15/02/2022.
Published
2022-10-11
How to Cite
Madryha, T., Kornievskyy, O., Pereguda, Y., Bodrova, I., & Svorak, S. (2022). Transformation of civil society in the context of political radicalism in eastern Europe: Transformación de la sociedad civil en el contexto del radicalismo político en Europa del Este. Political Questions, 40(74), 268-292. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.14
Section
Derecho Público