International standards for criminal proceedings in emergency legal regimes
Estándares internacionales para procesos penales en regímenes legales de emergencia
Palabras clave:
regímenes legales extraordinarios, proceso penal, normas internacionales, investigación jurídica, instrucción especial previa al juicio
Resumen
El artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio en profundidad de los aspectos teóricos y aplicados de la investigación previa al juicio en regímenes legales de emergencia como: la ley marcial, el estado de emergencia o el área de la Operación de Fuerzas Conjuntas en Ucrania. Se analizan los requisitos legales internacionales al debido proceso en los procesos penales durante los regímenes legales de emergencia. Se afirma que la experiencia existente en Ucrania de regulación normativa de procesos penales en las condiciones de regímenes legales especiales es ineficiente, fragmentaria, por lo que no corresponde plenamente a las ideas modernas sobre los derechos humanos y el estado democrático y legal. Se identifican las perspectivas de aplicación de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en procesos penales bajo regímenes legales de emergencia. Se concluyó que las autoridades de instrucción realizan todos los medios para establecer los hechos de las personas desaparecidas en el área de Operación de Fuerzas Conjuntas en el marco del proceso penal, lo que permitirá cumplir, en teoría, con todos los requisitos para la efectividad de la investigación. La base para la formación de la legislación sobre este tema debe ser la ley pertinente sobre personas desaparecidas.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Citas
AFFAIRE DEMIR ET GÜL C. TURQUIE. 2001. (Requêtes nos 29866/96, 29867/96 et 29872/96): Judgment European Court of Human Rights, 17/07/2001. Available online. In: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/rus/ pages/search.aspx?i=001-64156. Date of consultation: 07/09/2021.
BUTAEV, Muradli. 2015. Proofing in cases of crimes of a terrorist nature at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process (theoretical and applied aspect): dissertation of a candidate of legal sciences. Moscow Academy of Economics and Law. Moscow, Russia.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 2002. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR THE PREVENTION OF TORTURE (CPT) 12TH GENERAL REPORT, CPT/INF (2002)15, PARA. 41. Available online. In: http://www.cpt.coe.int/ en/annual/rep-12.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DEI, Maryna. 2017. Human rights: theory and practice. Peer-reviewed materials digest (collective monograph) published following the results of the First International educational and scientific forum (Poland, January 23–28, 2017). IASHE. London, England.
DIRECTIVE 2013/48/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2013. Available online. In: http://eurlex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013L0048. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DUE PROCESS PROTECTIONS IN THE WAR ON TERRORISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECURITY-BASED PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM. 2012. Available online. In: https://gov.harvard.edu/files/ gov/files/ir_5.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DURING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE PROCEDURE “IN ABSENTIA”ON ONE SCALE - THE INTERESTS OF ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROCEEDINGS, AND ON THE OTHER - THE RIGHT OF A PERSON TO A FAIR TRIAL. 2018. Scientific Article. Supreme Court of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://supreme. court.gov.ua/supreme/press-center/news/943591. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
GENERAL COMMENT NO. 8 OF THE UN COMMITTEE. Art. 9. 1982. (right to liberty and security of person). Sixteenth session (1982). Available online. In: http://sud.gov.kz/system/files_force/zamechanie_obshchego_poryadka_kpch_no8.docx?download=1. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
HABEAS CORPUS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. 1987. (Arts. 27 (2) and 7 (6) of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion, OC-8/87. 30 January 1987. Para. 42. Available online. In: http://www. corteidh.or.cr/index.php/en/advisory-opinions. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD: Amnesty International report 2016/2017.: Amnesty International Ltd. 2017. London, UK.
HUMAN RIGHTS: A COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. 1995. New York, Geneva: UN, 1994. Vol. 1. Part 1: Universal treaties. 1995.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1999. Case “Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru”. 30/05/1999. In: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_52_ing.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2000. Case “Dikme v. Turquie”. Application no. 20869/92. 11/07/2000. Available online. In: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-58751. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2009. Case “A. and Others v. the United Kingdom”. Application 3455/05. 19/02/2009. Available online. In: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/ conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=0021647&filename=002-1647. pdf&TID=ihgdqbxnfi. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1992. Case “Tomasi v. France”. 27/08/1992. Available online. In: http://www. echr.ru/documents/doc/2461435/2461435.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1993. Case “Brannigan and McBride v. the United Kingdom”. 26/05/1993. In: http://www.echr.ru/documents/doc/2461460/2461460.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1999. Case “Aksoy v. Turkey” 18/12/199. Available online. In: http://www. echr.ru/documents/doc/2461452/2461452.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2018. Case “Tsesar and Others v. Ukraine”. 13/02/2018. Available online. In: http://khpg.org/index.php?id=1518702168. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
KOPERSAK, Dmytro. 2021. Special pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses: the dissertation of the doctor of philosophy. Odessa state university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Odessa, Ukraine.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution Of Ukraine № 254k/96-VR. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254k/96-vr. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
LAZUKOVA, Olga. 2016. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights on conducting pre-trial investigations in “crisis situations”. In: Countering terrorist activity: international experience and its relevance for Ukraine: materials of the international scientific-practical conference of September 30, 2016. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MALANCHUK, Petro. 2017. “Actual problems of participation of the defender in criminal proceedings” In: Legal horizons. Vol. 3, No. 16. pp. 82-85.
MINIMUM EDUCATION STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCIES, CHRONIC CRISES AND EARLY RECOVERY. 2006. London: DS Print Redesign. Available online. In: http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/ uploads/1119/INEE_MS_Handbo ok_Russian.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
MISSING PERSONS DURING THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE: RESOLUTION PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY 2067. 2015. Available online. In: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-DocDetailsEN.asp?fileid=21795&lang=EN. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
MYKHAYLENKO, Oleksandr. 1996. Drawing up procedural acts in criminal cases: Textbook, Yurinkom. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PILLEY, Roushin. 2015. Right to a lawyer in the legislation of the European Union. In: Comparative Constitutional Review. No. 5, pp. 82-99.
POHORETSKY, Mykola; POHORETSKY, Mykhaylo. 2016. “Guarantees of legal secrecy in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and their implementation impact on the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and law enforcement practice” In: Bulletin of criminal proceedings. No. 2, pp. 78-90.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNIFICATION AND HARMONIZATION OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE CIS MEMBER STATES IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING TERRORISM. 2006. Resolution of November 16, 2006, No. 27-6. Available online. In: http://docs.cntd.ru/ document/902050862. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REGULATIONS ON THE UNIFIED REGISTER OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIONS, THE PROCEDURE FOR ITS FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE. 2020. Order of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, № 298. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v0298905-20#n7. Consultation date: 07/09/2021. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN UKRAINE. 2016. Available online. In: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine15thReport_ukr.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
SAVCHENKO, Vasyl; SOLOVII, Yaroslav; FELIK, Vasyl; YURCHISHIN, Vasyl. 2017. Fundamentals of the criminal process of the Federal Republic of Germany. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
STATEMENT OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE ON UKRAINE’S DEROGATION FROM CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS DEFINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS. 2015. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of May 21, 2015, № 462-VIII, Available online. In: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T150462.html. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
VLASOVA, Ganna. 2014. Simplification of criminal justice of Ukraine: history, theory, practice: monograph. National University of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. Irpin, Ukraine.
VOLKOVA, Nadiya. Total impunity in the anti-terrorist operation zone: investigation of murders and disappearances. Available online. In: https://helsinki.org.ua/files/docs/1450250376.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
BUTAEV, Muradli. 2015. Proofing in cases of crimes of a terrorist nature at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process (theoretical and applied aspect): dissertation of a candidate of legal sciences. Moscow Academy of Economics and Law. Moscow, Russia.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 2002. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR THE PREVENTION OF TORTURE (CPT) 12TH GENERAL REPORT, CPT/INF (2002)15, PARA. 41. Available online. In: http://www.cpt.coe.int/ en/annual/rep-12.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DEI, Maryna. 2017. Human rights: theory and practice. Peer-reviewed materials digest (collective monograph) published following the results of the First International educational and scientific forum (Poland, January 23–28, 2017). IASHE. London, England.
DIRECTIVE 2013/48/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2013. Available online. In: http://eurlex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013L0048. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DUE PROCESS PROTECTIONS IN THE WAR ON TERRORISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECURITY-BASED PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM. 2012. Available online. In: https://gov.harvard.edu/files/ gov/files/ir_5.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DURING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE PROCEDURE “IN ABSENTIA”ON ONE SCALE - THE INTERESTS OF ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROCEEDINGS, AND ON THE OTHER - THE RIGHT OF A PERSON TO A FAIR TRIAL. 2018. Scientific Article. Supreme Court of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://supreme. court.gov.ua/supreme/press-center/news/943591. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
GENERAL COMMENT NO. 8 OF THE UN COMMITTEE. Art. 9. 1982. (right to liberty and security of person). Sixteenth session (1982). Available online. In: http://sud.gov.kz/system/files_force/zamechanie_obshchego_poryadka_kpch_no8.docx?download=1. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
HABEAS CORPUS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. 1987. (Arts. 27 (2) and 7 (6) of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion, OC-8/87. 30 January 1987. Para. 42. Available online. In: http://www. corteidh.or.cr/index.php/en/advisory-opinions. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD: Amnesty International report 2016/2017.: Amnesty International Ltd. 2017. London, UK.
HUMAN RIGHTS: A COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. 1995. New York, Geneva: UN, 1994. Vol. 1. Part 1: Universal treaties. 1995.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1999. Case “Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru”. 30/05/1999. In: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_52_ing.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2000. Case “Dikme v. Turquie”. Application no. 20869/92. 11/07/2000. Available online. In: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-58751. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2009. Case “A. and Others v. the United Kingdom”. Application 3455/05. 19/02/2009. Available online. In: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/ conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=0021647&filename=002-1647. pdf&TID=ihgdqbxnfi. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1992. Case “Tomasi v. France”. 27/08/1992. Available online. In: http://www. echr.ru/documents/doc/2461435/2461435.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1993. Case “Brannigan and McBride v. the United Kingdom”. 26/05/1993. In: http://www.echr.ru/documents/doc/2461460/2461460.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1999. Case “Aksoy v. Turkey” 18/12/199. Available online. In: http://www. echr.ru/documents/doc/2461452/2461452.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2018. Case “Tsesar and Others v. Ukraine”. 13/02/2018. Available online. In: http://khpg.org/index.php?id=1518702168. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
KOPERSAK, Dmytro. 2021. Special pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses: the dissertation of the doctor of philosophy. Odessa state university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Odessa, Ukraine.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution Of Ukraine № 254k/96-VR. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254k/96-vr. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
LAZUKOVA, Olga. 2016. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights on conducting pre-trial investigations in “crisis situations”. In: Countering terrorist activity: international experience and its relevance for Ukraine: materials of the international scientific-practical conference of September 30, 2016. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MALANCHUK, Petro. 2017. “Actual problems of participation of the defender in criminal proceedings” In: Legal horizons. Vol. 3, No. 16. pp. 82-85.
MINIMUM EDUCATION STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCIES, CHRONIC CRISES AND EARLY RECOVERY. 2006. London: DS Print Redesign. Available online. In: http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/ uploads/1119/INEE_MS_Handbo ok_Russian.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
MISSING PERSONS DURING THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE: RESOLUTION PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY 2067. 2015. Available online. In: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-DocDetailsEN.asp?fileid=21795&lang=EN. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
MYKHAYLENKO, Oleksandr. 1996. Drawing up procedural acts in criminal cases: Textbook, Yurinkom. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PILLEY, Roushin. 2015. Right to a lawyer in the legislation of the European Union. In: Comparative Constitutional Review. No. 5, pp. 82-99.
POHORETSKY, Mykola; POHORETSKY, Mykhaylo. 2016. “Guarantees of legal secrecy in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and their implementation impact on the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and law enforcement practice” In: Bulletin of criminal proceedings. No. 2, pp. 78-90.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNIFICATION AND HARMONIZATION OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE CIS MEMBER STATES IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING TERRORISM. 2006. Resolution of November 16, 2006, No. 27-6. Available online. In: http://docs.cntd.ru/ document/902050862. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REGULATIONS ON THE UNIFIED REGISTER OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIONS, THE PROCEDURE FOR ITS FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE. 2020. Order of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, № 298. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v0298905-20#n7. Consultation date: 07/09/2021. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN UKRAINE. 2016. Available online. In: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine15thReport_ukr.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
SAVCHENKO, Vasyl; SOLOVII, Yaroslav; FELIK, Vasyl; YURCHISHIN, Vasyl. 2017. Fundamentals of the criminal process of the Federal Republic of Germany. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
STATEMENT OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE ON UKRAINE’S DEROGATION FROM CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS DEFINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS. 2015. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of May 21, 2015, № 462-VIII, Available online. In: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T150462.html. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
VLASOVA, Ganna. 2014. Simplification of criminal justice of Ukraine: history, theory, practice: monograph. National University of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. Irpin, Ukraine.
VOLKOVA, Nadiya. Total impunity in the anti-terrorist operation zone: investigation of murders and disappearances. Available online. In: https://helsinki.org.ua/files/docs/1450250376.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
Publicado
2022-02-19
Cómo citar
Teteriatnyk, H., Piaskovskyi, V., Myrovska, A., Sakovskyi, A., & Gunchenko, D. (2022). International standards for criminal proceedings in emergency legal regimes: Estándares internacionales para procesos penales en regímenes legales de emergencia. Cuestiones Políticas, 40(72), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.29
Sección
Derecho Público
Copyright
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación donde se presenta el artículo, el cual se publica bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License, que permite a otros compartir el trabajo previo el reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y de la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
Esta obra está bajo la licencia:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
