International standards for criminal proceedings in emergency legal regimes
Estándares internacionales para procesos penales en regímenes legales de emergencia
Keywords:
extraordinary legal regimes, criminal proceedings, international standards, legal research, special pre-trial instruction
Abstract
The article aims to study the theoretical and applied aspects of pre-trial research in emergency legal regimes such as: martial law, the state of emergency or the area of joint forces operation in Ukraine. International legal requirements for due process in criminal proceedings during emergency legal regimes are analyzed. It is claimed that the existing experience in Ukraine of normative regulation of criminal proceedings under the conditions of special legal regimes is inefficient, fragmentary, and therefore does not fully correspond to modern ideas about human rights and the democratic and legal state. The perspectives for the application of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in criminal proceedings under emergency legal regimes are identified. It was concluded that the investigating authorities carry out all the means to establish the facts of the disappeared persons in the area of Operation of Joint Forces within the framework of the criminal process, which will allow to comply, in
theory, with all the requirements for the effectiveness of the investigation. The basis for the formation of legislation on this subject should be the relevant law on missing persons.
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References
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LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution Of Ukraine № 254k/96-VR. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254k/96-vr. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
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MINIMUM EDUCATION STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCIES, CHRONIC CRISES AND EARLY RECOVERY. 2006. London: DS Print Redesign. Available online. In: http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/ uploads/1119/INEE_MS_Handbo ok_Russian.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
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MYKHAYLENKO, Oleksandr. 1996. Drawing up procedural acts in criminal cases: Textbook, Yurinkom. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PILLEY, Roushin. 2015. Right to a lawyer in the legislation of the European Union. In: Comparative Constitutional Review. No. 5, pp. 82-99.
POHORETSKY, Mykola; POHORETSKY, Mykhaylo. 2016. “Guarantees of legal secrecy in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and their implementation impact on the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and law enforcement practice” In: Bulletin of criminal proceedings. No. 2, pp. 78-90.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNIFICATION AND HARMONIZATION OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE CIS MEMBER STATES IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING TERRORISM. 2006. Resolution of November 16, 2006, No. 27-6. Available online. In: http://docs.cntd.ru/ document/902050862. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REGULATIONS ON THE UNIFIED REGISTER OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIONS, THE PROCEDURE FOR ITS FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE. 2020. Order of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, № 298. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v0298905-20#n7. Consultation date: 07/09/2021. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
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STATEMENT OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE ON UKRAINE’S DEROGATION FROM CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS DEFINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS. 2015. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of May 21, 2015, № 462-VIII, Available online. In: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T150462.html. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
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VOLKOVA, Nadiya. Total impunity in the anti-terrorist operation zone: investigation of murders and disappearances. Available online. In: https://helsinki.org.ua/files/docs/1450250376.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
BUTAEV, Muradli. 2015. Proofing in cases of crimes of a terrorist nature at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process (theoretical and applied aspect): dissertation of a candidate of legal sciences. Moscow Academy of Economics and Law. Moscow, Russia.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 2002. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR THE PREVENTION OF TORTURE (CPT) 12TH GENERAL REPORT, CPT/INF (2002)15, PARA. 41. Available online. In: http://www.cpt.coe.int/ en/annual/rep-12.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DEI, Maryna. 2017. Human rights: theory and practice. Peer-reviewed materials digest (collective monograph) published following the results of the First International educational and scientific forum (Poland, January 23–28, 2017). IASHE. London, England.
DIRECTIVE 2013/48/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2013. Available online. In: http://eurlex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013L0048. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DUE PROCESS PROTECTIONS IN THE WAR ON TERRORISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECURITY-BASED PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED KINGDOM. 2012. Available online. In: https://gov.harvard.edu/files/ gov/files/ir_5.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
DURING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE PROCEDURE “IN ABSENTIA”ON ONE SCALE - THE INTERESTS OF ENSURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROCEEDINGS, AND ON THE OTHER - THE RIGHT OF A PERSON TO A FAIR TRIAL. 2018. Scientific Article. Supreme Court of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://supreme. court.gov.ua/supreme/press-center/news/943591. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
GENERAL COMMENT NO. 8 OF THE UN COMMITTEE. Art. 9. 1982. (right to liberty and security of person). Sixteenth session (1982). Available online. In: http://sud.gov.kz/system/files_force/zamechanie_obshchego_poryadka_kpch_no8.docx?download=1. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
HABEAS CORPUS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. 1987. (Arts. 27 (2) and 7 (6) of the American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion, OC-8/87. 30 January 1987. Para. 42. Available online. In: http://www. corteidh.or.cr/index.php/en/advisory-opinions. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD: Amnesty International report 2016/2017.: Amnesty International Ltd. 2017. London, UK.
HUMAN RIGHTS: A COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. 1995. New York, Geneva: UN, 1994. Vol. 1. Part 1: Universal treaties. 1995.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1999. Case “Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru”. 30/05/1999. In: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/ casos/articulos/seriec_52_ing.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2000. Case “Dikme v. Turquie”. Application no. 20869/92. 11/07/2000. Available online. In: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-58751. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2009. Case “A. and Others v. the United Kingdom”. Application 3455/05. 19/02/2009. Available online. In: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/ conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=0021647&filename=002-1647. pdf&TID=ihgdqbxnfi. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1992. Case “Tomasi v. France”. 27/08/1992. Available online. In: http://www. echr.ru/documents/doc/2461435/2461435.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1993. Case “Brannigan and McBride v. the United Kingdom”. 26/05/1993. In: http://www.echr.ru/documents/doc/2461460/2461460.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1999. Case “Aksoy v. Turkey” 18/12/199. Available online. In: http://www. echr.ru/documents/doc/2461452/2461452.htm. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
JUDGMENT OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2018. Case “Tsesar and Others v. Ukraine”. 13/02/2018. Available online. In: http://khpg.org/index.php?id=1518702168. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
KOPERSAK, Dmytro. 2021. Special pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses: the dissertation of the doctor of philosophy. Odessa state university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Odessa, Ukraine.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution Of Ukraine № 254k/96-VR. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254k/96-vr. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
LAZUKOVA, Olga. 2016. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights on conducting pre-trial investigations in “crisis situations”. In: Countering terrorist activity: international experience and its relevance for Ukraine: materials of the international scientific-practical conference of September 30, 2016. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MALANCHUK, Petro. 2017. “Actual problems of participation of the defender in criminal proceedings” In: Legal horizons. Vol. 3, No. 16. pp. 82-85.
MINIMUM EDUCATION STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCIES, CHRONIC CRISES AND EARLY RECOVERY. 2006. London: DS Print Redesign. Available online. In: http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/ uploads/1119/INEE_MS_Handbo ok_Russian.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
MISSING PERSONS DURING THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE: RESOLUTION PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY 2067. 2015. Available online. In: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-DocDetailsEN.asp?fileid=21795&lang=EN. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
MYKHAYLENKO, Oleksandr. 1996. Drawing up procedural acts in criminal cases: Textbook, Yurinkom. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PILLEY, Roushin. 2015. Right to a lawyer in the legislation of the European Union. In: Comparative Constitutional Review. No. 5, pp. 82-99.
POHORETSKY, Mykola; POHORETSKY, Mykhaylo. 2016. “Guarantees of legal secrecy in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and their implementation impact on the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and law enforcement practice” In: Bulletin of criminal proceedings. No. 2, pp. 78-90.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNIFICATION AND HARMONIZATION OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE CIS MEMBER STATES IN THE FIELD OF COMBATING TERRORISM. 2006. Resolution of November 16, 2006, No. 27-6. Available online. In: http://docs.cntd.ru/ document/902050862. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REGULATIONS ON THE UNIFIED REGISTER OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATIONS, THE PROCEDURE FOR ITS FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE. 2020. Order of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine, № 298. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/v0298905-20#n7. Consultation date: 07/09/2021. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN UKRAINE. 2016. Available online. In: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/Ukraine15thReport_ukr.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
SAVCHENKO, Vasyl; SOLOVII, Yaroslav; FELIK, Vasyl; YURCHISHIN, Vasyl. 2017. Fundamentals of the criminal process of the Federal Republic of Germany. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
STATEMENT OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE ON UKRAINE’S DEROGATION FROM CERTAIN OBLIGATIONS DEFINED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS. 2015. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of May 21, 2015, № 462-VIII, Available online. In: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T150462.html. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
VLASOVA, Ganna. 2014. Simplification of criminal justice of Ukraine: history, theory, practice: monograph. National University of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. Irpin, Ukraine.
VOLKOVA, Nadiya. Total impunity in the anti-terrorist operation zone: investigation of murders and disappearances. Available online. In: https://helsinki.org.ua/files/docs/1450250376.pdf. Consultation date: 07/09/2021.
Published
2022-02-19
How to Cite
Teteriatnyk, H., Piaskovskyi, V., Myrovska, A., Sakovskyi, A., & Gunchenko, D. (2022). International standards for criminal proceedings in emergency legal regimes: Estándares internacionales para procesos penales en regímenes legales de emergencia. Political Questions, 40(72), 509-530. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.29
Section
Derecho Público
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