Use of electronic forms of direct democracy: international experience and perspective ukrainians
Uso de formas electrónicas de democracia directa: experiencia internacional y perspectiva Ucranianas
Keywords:
democracy, e-democracy, e-government, e-voting, petition
Abstract
The international experience in standardizing the implementation of e-democracy is studied. Thanks to a set of methodological approaches (synergistic, complex, humanistic) and methods of scientific knowledge of social phenomena and processes se identify the prospects for the introduction of direct e-democracy in modern Ukraine and propose priority measures for the implementation of state policy in the field of training and development of e-democracy, based on modern management technologies. It is concluded that, as a form of realization of rights, e-democracy should be considered as an alternative to traditionally recognized methods and practices of law enforcement, and the purpose of its implementation is to promote the expansion of opportunities for the realization of citizens’ rights. It also emphasizes that the idea of digitalization of the state must be balanced with the awareness of the practical usefulness of the model, its instrumental importance for the achievement of sustainable development goals and its progress, considering existing and potential risks.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
AUSTRIA CONSTITUTION. 1983. ICL Document Status: 1 July 1983. Available online. In: https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/au00000_.html#A001. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
BARANOV, Alexander. 2017. “Legal problems of «electronic democracy»” In: Information and Law. Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 28-38.
CASTELLS, Manuel. 2004. The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. Yekaterinburg, Russia.
CENTER OF MODERNIZATION SOLUTIONS. How to modernize democracy: challenges and prospects for e-democracy. Available online. In: http:// www.liberty.ru/Themes/Kak-nam-modernizirovat-demokratiyu- vyzovy-i-perspektivy-elektronnoj-demokratii. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE. 1996. Law of Ukraine of June 28, 1996 № 254k / 96-VR Information of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1996. № 30. Art. 141.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES. 2003. Building an information society is a global challenge in the new millennium. Geneva, Switzerland.
DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE «ON THE STRATEGY OF THE STATE POLICY OF PROMOTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT. do6. html. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
DNIPROPETROVSK REGION IS A LEADER IN INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE. 2013. Available online. In: http:// www.info-kmu.com.ua/2013-11-01-000000am/article/16737468.html. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
DORODEYKO, Anna. 2011. «Big society», small authorities. Available online. In: http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/radio/radio_5etazh/2011/02/11022 0_5floor. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
DZYUBA, Sergey. 2012. E-government. Reference lecture notes. Kyiv, Ukraine.
E-DEMOCRACY: CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENT. Available online. In:
http://imrussia.org/ru/society/330-e-democracy-citizens-and-the-state. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY: FOR THE FIRST TIME IN UKRAINE. 2008. Available online. In: http://gurt.org.ua/news/events/266/. Consultation date: 05/10/2021.
HRYTSYAK, Natalia. 2015. Electronic Democracy: A Textbook. Kyiv, Ukraine.
HRYTSYAK, Natalia. 2017. “E-democracy as a tool for strengthening the information transparency of government” In: State and regions. Social communications. No. 4, pp. 223-226.
ISAEV, Boris. 2008. Policy Theory: A Textbook. St. Petersburg, Russia.
JINCHARADZE, Natalia. 2012. “Development of e-democracy in Ukraine” In: Analytics and power. No. 6, pp. 170-177.
KLYMCHUK,Iryna;STADNICHENKO,Olga;YAREMKO,Iryna;ANDRUSIAK, Iryna; SKORYK, Halyna. 2021. E-Democracy Implementation in the Process of Stimulating the Country Socio-Economic and Socio-Political Development. Symposium on Information Technologies & Applied Sciences, March 5, 2021, Bratislava, Slovakia. Available online. In: http:// ceur-ws.org/Vol-2824/paper13.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
LIBERAL PARTY, MRS R. AND MR P. V. UNITED KINGDOM. 1980. (Application No. 8865/80). Decision of the Commission, para. 4, 1980. European Court of Human Rights. Available online. In: https:// hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001- 161891% 22]}. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
LINDNER, Ralf. 2020. “E-Democracy: Conceptual Foundations and Recent Trends E-Democracy in Practice” In: Springer International Publishing, pp. 11-45.
LOBOYKO, Serhiy; NAKHOD, Mykhailo. 2017. Tools of e-democracy in the cities of Ukraine. Information and analytical guide. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MAKHNACHOVA, Natalia. 2018. E-democracy as an institution for the development of civil society and effective partnership in the public sphere. Available online. In: http://www.dy.nayka.com.ua/ pdf / 10_2018 / 25.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
MATHIEU MOHIN AND CLERFAYT IN BELGIUM (Application no. 9267/81). 1987. European Court of Human Rights. Available online. In: http:// hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57536. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
MITROU, Lilian; GRITZALIS, Dimitris; KATSIKAS, Sokratis; QUIRCHMAYR, Gerald. 2003. Electronic Voting: Constitutional and Legal Requirements, and Their Technical Implications in Secure Electronic Voting. Available online. In: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226590438_ Electronic_Voting_Constitutional_and_ Legal_Requirements_and_ Their_Technical_Implications. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
NAYYAR, Deepak. 2015. “Globalization and democracy” In: Rev. Econ. Polit. Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 388-402.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET. E-Government Strategy: Simplified Delivery of Services to Citizens. Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C., 2002. Available online. In: http://xml. coverpages.org/OMB-egovstrategy200202.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
ON APPROVAL OF THE CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY IN UKRAINE AND THE PLAN OF MEASURES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. 2017. Law of Ukraine of 08.11.17 № 797-r. Official Gazette of Ukraine. 2017, № 92. p. 75, art. 2803.
ON APPROVAL OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN UKRAINE. 2013. Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 15.05.13 № 386-r. Avaliable online. In: http://zakon. rada.gov.ua/ laws / show / 386-2013-р. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
OPINION ON THE DRAFT ACT ON SPECIAL RULES FOR CONDUCTING THE GENERAL ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND. 2020. Ordered in 2020 (Senate Paper No. 99). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 27 April 2020. Available online. In: https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/poland/450856. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
POGORILKO, Victor. 2010. Constitutional law of Ukraine: textbook. Kiev, Ukraine.
RECOMMENDATION CM / REC. 2009. 1 OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS TO MEMBER STATES ON ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY (E-DEMOCRACY) (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 18 February 2009 at the 1049th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies). Available online. In: http: / /www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/Activities/ GGIS/CAHDE/Default_en.asp. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE: «PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF 2019 IN UKRAINE». 2020. Bulletin of the Central Election Commission. February 2020. pp. 24-28.
REINSALU, Kristina. 2010. Handbook on E-Democracy. Tampere, Finland. RESOLUTION 290 E-DEMOCRACY. 2009. OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES - CORAPPORTEURS: A. Cook, United Kingdom (L, EPP / CD) and E. Van Vaerenbergh, Belgium (L, ILDG), 2009. Available online. In: https: // search .coe.int / congress / Pages / result_details.aspx? ObjectId = 0900001680718f9c. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
ROMANCHUK, Olga. 2020. E-government: constitutional and legal research. Uzhhorod, Ukraine.
SAVKA, Victor; MYSHOK, Romana. 2018. “Electronic democracy in Ukraine: institutional analysis” In: Bulletin of VN Karazin Kharkiv National
University. Sociological research of modern society: methodology, theory, methods. No. 41, pp. 35-41.
SEMENCHENKO, Andriy; DRESHPAK, Valeriy. 2017. E-government and e-democracy: textbook: Part 3: E-democracy: basics and implementation strategies. Kyiv, Ukraine.
SHIYAN, Anatoly. 2019. “Modeling the interaction of community and government in the context of e-democracy” In: University scientific notes. No. 1-2, pp. 156-166.
SOLOVYOV, Sergii; DANILENKO, Vladimir. 2012. Problems of development of electronic democracy in the conditions of modernization of public administration of Ukraine: scientific development. Kyiv, Ukraine.
STONEYER, Tom. 1986. Information Wealth: The Profile of the Postindustrial Economy. A new technocratic wave in the west. Moscow, Russia.
THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT. JUDGMENT OF THE SECOND SENATE. 2009. On the basis of the oral hearing of 28 October 2008 - 2 BvC 3/07, 2 BvC 4/07. Available online. In: https://www. bundesverfassungsgericht.de/ SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/EN/2009/03/cs20090303_2bvc000307en.html. Consultation date:
07/10/2021.
THE GLOBAL STATE OF DEMOCRACY 2019 ADDRESSING THE ILLS, REVIVING THE PROMISE. Undated. The global democracy landscape IDEA. R. 2. Available online. In: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/ files/publications/chapters/the-global-state-ofdemocracy-2019-key- findings.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
TOMKOVA, Jordanka; HUTKII, Dmytro. 2017. “Analytical notes on effective e-government” In: Implementing e-democracy: A range of tools and choices. No. 2, p. 10.
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 2005. WORLD SUMMIT OUTCOME: resolution. - (Adopted by the General Assembly, 24 October 2005, A / RES / 60/1) In: http://www.refworld.org/docid /44168a910.html. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
VERFASSUNGSGERICHTSHOF. Decision V 85-96 / 11-15. 2011. Available online. In: http://www.vfgh.gv.at. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
VOZNYUK, Petro. 2014. On the introduction of electronic mechanisms of direct democracy in Ukraine in the context of strengthening state-public dialogue and cooperation. Available online. In: https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/gromadyanske-suspilstvo/schodo-vprovadzhennya- elektronnikh-mekhanizmiv-pryamoi. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
BARANOV, Alexander. 2017. “Legal problems of «electronic democracy»” In: Information and Law. Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 28-38.
CASTELLS, Manuel. 2004. The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. Yekaterinburg, Russia.
CENTER OF MODERNIZATION SOLUTIONS. How to modernize democracy: challenges and prospects for e-democracy. Available online. In: http:// www.liberty.ru/Themes/Kak-nam-modernizirovat-demokratiyu- vyzovy-i-perspektivy-elektronnoj-demokratii. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE. 1996. Law of Ukraine of June 28, 1996 № 254k / 96-VR Information of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1996. № 30. Art. 141.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES. 2003. Building an information society is a global challenge in the new millennium. Geneva, Switzerland.
DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE «ON THE STRATEGY OF THE STATE POLICY OF PROMOTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT. do6. html. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
DNIPROPETROVSK REGION IS A LEADER IN INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE. 2013. Available online. In: http:// www.info-kmu.com.ua/2013-11-01-000000am/article/16737468.html. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
DORODEYKO, Anna. 2011. «Big society», small authorities. Available online. In: http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/radio/radio_5etazh/2011/02/11022 0_5floor. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
DZYUBA, Sergey. 2012. E-government. Reference lecture notes. Kyiv, Ukraine.
E-DEMOCRACY: CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENT. Available online. In:
http://imrussia.org/ru/society/330-e-democracy-citizens-and-the-state. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY: FOR THE FIRST TIME IN UKRAINE. 2008. Available online. In: http://gurt.org.ua/news/events/266/. Consultation date: 05/10/2021.
HRYTSYAK, Natalia. 2015. Electronic Democracy: A Textbook. Kyiv, Ukraine.
HRYTSYAK, Natalia. 2017. “E-democracy as a tool for strengthening the information transparency of government” In: State and regions. Social communications. No. 4, pp. 223-226.
ISAEV, Boris. 2008. Policy Theory: A Textbook. St. Petersburg, Russia.
JINCHARADZE, Natalia. 2012. “Development of e-democracy in Ukraine” In: Analytics and power. No. 6, pp. 170-177.
KLYMCHUK,Iryna;STADNICHENKO,Olga;YAREMKO,Iryna;ANDRUSIAK, Iryna; SKORYK, Halyna. 2021. E-Democracy Implementation in the Process of Stimulating the Country Socio-Economic and Socio-Political Development. Symposium on Information Technologies & Applied Sciences, March 5, 2021, Bratislava, Slovakia. Available online. In: http:// ceur-ws.org/Vol-2824/paper13.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
LIBERAL PARTY, MRS R. AND MR P. V. UNITED KINGDOM. 1980. (Application No. 8865/80). Decision of the Commission, para. 4, 1980. European Court of Human Rights. Available online. In: https:// hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001- 161891% 22]}. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
LINDNER, Ralf. 2020. “E-Democracy: Conceptual Foundations and Recent Trends E-Democracy in Practice” In: Springer International Publishing, pp. 11-45.
LOBOYKO, Serhiy; NAKHOD, Mykhailo. 2017. Tools of e-democracy in the cities of Ukraine. Information and analytical guide. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MAKHNACHOVA, Natalia. 2018. E-democracy as an institution for the development of civil society and effective partnership in the public sphere. Available online. In: http://www.dy.nayka.com.ua/ pdf / 10_2018 / 25.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
MATHIEU MOHIN AND CLERFAYT IN BELGIUM (Application no. 9267/81). 1987. European Court of Human Rights. Available online. In: http:// hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-57536. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
MITROU, Lilian; GRITZALIS, Dimitris; KATSIKAS, Sokratis; QUIRCHMAYR, Gerald. 2003. Electronic Voting: Constitutional and Legal Requirements, and Their Technical Implications in Secure Electronic Voting. Available online. In: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226590438_ Electronic_Voting_Constitutional_and_ Legal_Requirements_and_ Their_Technical_Implications. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
NAYYAR, Deepak. 2015. “Globalization and democracy” In: Rev. Econ. Polit. Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 388-402.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET. E-Government Strategy: Simplified Delivery of Services to Citizens. Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C., 2002. Available online. In: http://xml. coverpages.org/OMB-egovstrategy200202.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
ON APPROVAL OF THE CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY IN UKRAINE AND THE PLAN OF MEASURES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. 2017. Law of Ukraine of 08.11.17 № 797-r. Official Gazette of Ukraine. 2017, № 92. p. 75, art. 2803.
ON APPROVAL OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN UKRAINE. 2013. Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 15.05.13 № 386-r. Avaliable online. In: http://zakon. rada.gov.ua/ laws / show / 386-2013-р. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
OPINION ON THE DRAFT ACT ON SPECIAL RULES FOR CONDUCTING THE GENERAL ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND. 2020. Ordered in 2020 (Senate Paper No. 99). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe 27 April 2020. Available online. In: https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/poland/450856. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
POGORILKO, Victor. 2010. Constitutional law of Ukraine: textbook. Kiev, Ukraine.
RECOMMENDATION CM / REC. 2009. 1 OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS TO MEMBER STATES ON ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY (E-DEMOCRACY) (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 18 February 2009 at the 1049th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies). Available online. In: http: / /www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/Activities/ GGIS/CAHDE/Default_en.asp. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE: «PRESIDENTIAL AND PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF 2019 IN UKRAINE». 2020. Bulletin of the Central Election Commission. February 2020. pp. 24-28.
REINSALU, Kristina. 2010. Handbook on E-Democracy. Tampere, Finland. RESOLUTION 290 E-DEMOCRACY. 2009. OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES - CORAPPORTEURS: A. Cook, United Kingdom (L, EPP / CD) and E. Van Vaerenbergh, Belgium (L, ILDG), 2009. Available online. In: https: // search .coe.int / congress / Pages / result_details.aspx? ObjectId = 0900001680718f9c. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
ROMANCHUK, Olga. 2020. E-government: constitutional and legal research. Uzhhorod, Ukraine.
SAVKA, Victor; MYSHOK, Romana. 2018. “Electronic democracy in Ukraine: institutional analysis” In: Bulletin of VN Karazin Kharkiv National
University. Sociological research of modern society: methodology, theory, methods. No. 41, pp. 35-41.
SEMENCHENKO, Andriy; DRESHPAK, Valeriy. 2017. E-government and e-democracy: textbook: Part 3: E-democracy: basics and implementation strategies. Kyiv, Ukraine.
SHIYAN, Anatoly. 2019. “Modeling the interaction of community and government in the context of e-democracy” In: University scientific notes. No. 1-2, pp. 156-166.
SOLOVYOV, Sergii; DANILENKO, Vladimir. 2012. Problems of development of electronic democracy in the conditions of modernization of public administration of Ukraine: scientific development. Kyiv, Ukraine.
STONEYER, Tom. 1986. Information Wealth: The Profile of the Postindustrial Economy. A new technocratic wave in the west. Moscow, Russia.
THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT. JUDGMENT OF THE SECOND SENATE. 2009. On the basis of the oral hearing of 28 October 2008 - 2 BvC 3/07, 2 BvC 4/07. Available online. In: https://www. bundesverfassungsgericht.de/ SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/EN/2009/03/cs20090303_2bvc000307en.html. Consultation date:
07/10/2021.
THE GLOBAL STATE OF DEMOCRACY 2019 ADDRESSING THE ILLS, REVIVING THE PROMISE. Undated. The global democracy landscape IDEA. R. 2. Available online. In: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/ files/publications/chapters/the-global-state-ofdemocracy-2019-key- findings.pdf. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
TOMKOVA, Jordanka; HUTKII, Dmytro. 2017. “Analytical notes on effective e-government” In: Implementing e-democracy: A range of tools and choices. No. 2, p. 10.
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 2005. WORLD SUMMIT OUTCOME: resolution. - (Adopted by the General Assembly, 24 October 2005, A / RES / 60/1) In: http://www.refworld.org/docid /44168a910.html. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
VERFASSUNGSGERICHTSHOF. Decision V 85-96 / 11-15. 2011. Available online. In: http://www.vfgh.gv.at. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
VOZNYUK, Petro. 2014. On the introduction of electronic mechanisms of direct democracy in Ukraine in the context of strengthening state-public dialogue and cooperation. Available online. In: https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/gromadyanske-suspilstvo/schodo-vprovadzhennya- elektronnikh-mekhanizmiv-pryamoi. Consultation date: 07/10/2021.
Published
2022-02-18
How to Cite
Kalynovskyi , B., Khalota, A., Horodnytskyi, P., & Radomska, D. (2022). Use of electronic forms of direct democracy: international experience and perspective ukrainians: Uso de formas electrónicas de democracia directa: experiencia internacional y perspectiva Ucranianas. Political Questions, 40(72), 222-244. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.12
Section
Derecho Público
Copyright
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
The authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication where the article is presented, which is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to share the work prior to the recognition of the authorship of the article work and initial publication in this journal.
Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This work is under license:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
