The role of populist parties in spreading Euroscepticism

El papel de los partidos populistas en la difusión del Euroescepticismo

• Dmytro V. Nelipa Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5363-3990
• Yana O. Balinska Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-0074

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/Cuestpol.4072.10

Keywords: Ideas of European integration, Euroscepticism scenarios, cosmopolitan liberalism, populist party system, United States of Europe

Abstract

The aim of the paper was to analyse the current level of Euroscepticism in the European Union, to identify the current challenges populist parties face in the Euroscepticism realities and promotion. The main method of research was the observation method, which, together with the comparative method, revealed the selected issues of the paper. The conducted research has shown that the rise of populist parties primarily reflects a response to a wide range of rapid cultural changes undermining the core values and practices of Western societies. At the same time, the pandemic and changes in public consciousness have led to a decline in the activity of political parties and the introduction of Eurosceptic ideas per se. As part of the research, we have argued that the deepening of European integration is not perceived positively by member states as well, given the unnatural order of legal relations in the union. The findings will also require comparison with the results of the forthcoming EU elections, which has been identified as a roadmap for further author’s research.

References

ALONSO-MUÑOZ, Laura; CASERO-RIPOLLÉS, Аndreu. 2020. “Populism against europe in social media: the eurosceptic discourse on Twitter in Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom during the campaign of the 2019 European parliament election” Frontiers in Communication. Vol. 5, Art. 54.

BERGMANN, Julian; DELPUTTE, Sarah; KEIJZER, Niels; VERSCHAEVE, Joren. 2019. “The evolution of EU development policy: Turning full circle” European Foreign Affairs Review. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 533– 554.

BERGMANN, Julian; HACKENESCH, Сhristine; STOCKEMER, Daniel. 2021. “Populist radical right parties in Europe: What impact do they have on development policy?” In: Jourrnal of Common Market Studies. Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 37-52.

BERSHIDSKY, Leonid. 2021. Support for populist parties rises in three EU states. Available online. In: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/ articles/2021-11-05/support-for-populist-parties-rises-in-three-eu- states. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

BUSWELL, Gary. 2021. The French government and political system. Available online. In: https://www.expatica.com/fr/living/gov-law-admin/french- government-107814/. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

CHIARAMONTE, Alessandro; EMANUELE, Vincenzo; MAGGINI, Nicola; PAPARO, Aldo. 2018. “Populist success in a Hung parliament: the 2018 general election in Italy” In: South European Society and Politics. Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 479-501.

COOPER, Luke; DUNIN-WĄSOWICZ, Roch; MILANESE, Niccolò. 2019. The dawn of a Europe of many visions. Available online. In: https:// www.academia.edu/40372736/The_dawn_of_a_Europe_of_many_ visions.27. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

CORDIS. 2021. Populist rebellion against modernity in 21st-century. Eastern Europe: neo-traditionalism and neo-feudalism. Available online. In: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/822682. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

DANDOLOV, Рhilip. 2021. COVID-19: A ‘hot potato’ for nationalist-populist parties in europe. online. In: https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/ covid-19-a-hot-potato-for-nationalist-populist-parties-in-europe/. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

EUROPE ELECTS. 2021. Europe elects [homepage]. Available online. In: https://europeelects.eu/. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

GERBAUDO, Paolo. 2018. “Social media and populism: an elective affinity?” In: Media, Culture & Society. Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 745-753.

GERSTLÉ, Jacques; NAI, Alessandro. 2019. “Negativity, emotionality and populist rhetoric in election campaigns worldwide, and their effects on media attention and electoral success” In: European Journal of Communication. Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 410–444.

HADJ ABDOU, Leila; RUEDIN, Didier. 2021. “The Austrian People’s Party: an anti-immigrant right party?” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 9 (Ahead of print). Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1080/13 69183X.2020.1853904. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

INGLEHART, Ronald; NORRIS, Pippa. 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. Available online. In: https://faculty.uml.edu/sgallagher/Trump_Populism_Norris.pdf. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

IVALDI, Gilles. 2018. “Contesting the EU in times of crisis: The Front National and politics of Euroscepticism in France” In: Politics. Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 278-294.

KRIESI, Hanspeter. 2020. “Backlash politics against European integration” In: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 692–701.

LAUWERS, Nathan; ORBIE, Jan; DELPUTTE, Sarah. 2021. “The politicization of the migration–development nexus: parliamentary discourse on the european union trust fund on migration” In: Journal of Common Market Studies. Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 72– 90.

LAZAR, Мarc. 2020. 2020, A turning point for European populists? Available online. In: https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/2020-turning- point-european-populists. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

LEONARD, Мark; PUGLIERIN, Jana. 2021. How to prevent Germany from becoming Eurosceptic. Available online. In: https://ecfr.eu/publication/ how-to-prevent-germany-from-becoming-eurosceptic/. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

LUTZ, Philipp. 2019. “Variation in policy success: radical right populism and migration policy” In: West European Politics. Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 517–544.

MCMAHON, Richard. 2021. “Is Alt-Europe possible? Populist radical right counternarratives of European integration” In: Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Vol. 29 (Ahead of print). Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1919865. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

NAI, Аlessandro; MEDEIROS, Мike; MAIER, Мicheala; MAIER, Jürgen. 2021. “ Euroscepticism and the use of negative, uncivil and emotional campaigns in the 2019 European Parliament election: A winning combination” In: European Union Politics (Ahead of print). Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1177/14651165211035675. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

NORRIS, Pippa; INGLEHART, Ronald. 2019. Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit and Authoritarian-Populism. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.

PIRRO, Andrea; TAGGART, Paul; VAN KESSEL, Stijn. 2018. “The populist politics of Euroscepticism in times of crisis: comparative conclusions” In: Politics. Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 978-390.

POLK, Jonathan; ROVNY, Jan; BAKKER, Ryan; EDWARDS, Erica; HOOGHE, Liesbet JOLLY, Seth; Koedam, Jelle; KOSTELKA, Filip; MARKS, Gary; SCHUMACHER, Gijs; STEENBERGEN, Marco; VACHUDOVA, Milada Anna; ZILOVIC, Marko. 2017. «Explaining the salience of anti-elitism and reducing political corruption for political parties in Europe with the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey data» In: Research & Politics. Vol. 1-3, pp. 1-9.

POPULIST. 2021. The PopuList [homepage]. Available online. In: https:// popu-list.org/. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

SANDRIN, Рaula. 2020. The rise of right-wing populism in Europe: a psychoanalytical contribution. In: Bettina De Souza Guilherme, Christian Ghymers, Stephany Griffith-Jones, Andrea Ribeiro Hoffmann (Eds.), Financial Crisis Management and Democracy (pp. 227-239). Cham, Springer.

SIJSTERMANS, Judith. 2021. “The vlaams belang: A mass party of the 21st century” In: Politics and Governance. Vol 9, No 4, pp. 275-285.

TAGGART, Рaul; PIRRO, Andrea L. P. 2021. “European populism before the pandemic: ideology, Euroscepticism, electoral performance, and government participation of 63 parties in 30 countries” In: Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana Di Scienza Politica. Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 281-304.

THE ECONOMIST. 2019. The coming Eurosceptic surge in the European Parliament. Available online. In: https://www.economist.com/graphic- detail/2019/05/21/the-coming-eurosceptic-surge-in-the-european- parliament. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

USHERWOOD, Simpn. 2019. “Shooting the fox? UKIP’s populism in the post- Brexit era” In: West European Politics. Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1209-1229.

VASILOPOULOU, Sofia. 2018. “The radical right and Euroskepticism” In Jens Rydgren (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right (pp. 122– 140). Oxford, Oxford University Press.

VERCESI, Michelangelo. 2021. Why is Italy more populist than any other country in Western Europe? Available online. In: https://theloop.ecpr. eu/why-is-italy-more-populist-than-any-other-country-in-western- europe/. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

WAGNER, Sarah. 2021. “Euroscepticism as a radical left party strategy for success” In: Party Politics (Ahead of print). Available online. In: https:// doi.org/10.1177/13540688211038917. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.

ZSIROS, Sandor. 2021. European right-wing populists join forces to rally against EU’s direction. Available online. In: https://www.euronews. com/2021/07/05/european-right-wing-populists-join-forces-to-rally- against-eu-s-direction. Consultation date: 27/11/2021.