Regulación legal de la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal en Ucrania y la Union Europea
Keywords:
illegal migration, migration processes, immigration legislation, immigration in Europe, refugees and asylum
Abstract
Through a methodology of legal interpretation and analyze the stages of formation of migration policy and legislation in Ukraine since its independence. It was determined that in the initial stage the main elements of the legal regulation of migration processes in Ukraine were the development of the legal framework on migration, the initiation of international cooperation and the creation of organizational structures that address migration issues. The article also analyzes the extensive system of normative acts developed in Ukraine today, aimed at the legal regulation of migration processes and the fight against illegal migration. In this context, the details of the fight against illegal immigration in EU countries are described. Finally, the guidelines for EU migration policy in the field of combating illegal immigration are studied. It is concluded that, unlike Ukraine, where the fight against illegal immigration is mainly limited to the establishment of prohibitions and fines for illegal immigrants, the EU has developed a system of incentives and measures aimed at supporting third countries, among other aspects.
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References
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VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1991. On Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression in Ukraine. Law № 962-XII from 1991. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/962-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992. On approval of the Provisional Regulation on the Procedure for Determining the Status of Refugees from the Republic of Moldova and Providing Assistance to Them. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 378 from 1992. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/378-92-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1994. On the Procedure for Leaving Ukraine and Entering Ukraine by Citizens of Ukraine. Law № 3857- XII from 1994. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/3857-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. On approval of the Program to combat illegal migration for 1996-1997. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 83 from 1996. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/83-96-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show1254k/96-вр. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1999. On the Principles of the State Policy of Ukraine in the Field of Human Rights. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine № 757-XIV from 1999. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/757-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. Criminal Code of Ukraine. Law № 2341-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2341-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Combating Illegal Migration. Law № 2247-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2247- 14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Citizenship of Ukraine. Law № 2235-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2235-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Immigration. Law № 2491-III from 2001. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2491-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2003. On Freedom of Movement and Free Choice of Residence in Ukraine. Law № 1382-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1382-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA of Ukraine. 2004. On Ukrainians Abroad. Law № 1582- IV from 2004. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1582-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection. Law № 3671-VI from 2011. Available online. In:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3671- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons. Law № 3773-VI from 2011. September 9, 2011. Available online at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3773- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Law № 4651-VI. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/4651-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. On Employment. Law № 5067-VI from 2012. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/5067-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
BLASI CASAGRAN, Cristina. 2021. “Fundamental Rights Implications of Interconnecting Migration and Policing Databases in the EU” In: Human Rights Law Review. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 433-457.
BOLSHOVA, Natalia. 2016. “The EU Response to the Refugee crisis of 2015 and the Prospects for a Common EU Migration Policy” In: IIS International Analytics. MGIMO-University. Vol. 1, No. 15, pp. 19-33.
BUTORINA, Olga; KAVESHNIKOVA, Natalia. 2016. European Integration: Textbook for High Schools. Aspekt-Press. Moscow, Russia.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the formation of territorial bodies of the State Migration Service. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 658 from 2011. Available online. In: http:// zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/658-2011-p. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
CHACON HERNANDEZ, David. 2021. “Crisis Migration and Migration Crisis. A Vision from Human Rights In: Ciencia Juridica. Vol. 10, No. 19, pp. 137-160.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2001. On the mutual recognition of decisions on the expulsion of third country nationals. Council Directive 2001/40/EC from 2001. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa. eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32001L0040. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2002. Council Directive 2002/90/EC defining the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence from 2002. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ALL/?uri=CELEX:32002L0090. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2003. On assistance in cases of transit for the purposes of removal by air. Council Directive 2003/110/EC from 2003. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0110. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
DERGACH, Anna. 2013. “Legal aspects of migration policy in Ukraine. In: State management and local self-government: collection of scientific works of DRIDU NAPA under the President of Ukraine. Vol. 2, No. 17, pp. 149- 157.
DERGACH, Anna. 2015. “Theoretical grounds for making effective decisions in the management of migration processes” In: Investments: practice and experience: scientific and practical journal. Vol. 21, pp. 126-129.
DERGACH, Anna. 2016. “Regulatory, organizational and institutional support of financial and economic mechanisms of public administration of migration” In: Evropský časopis ekonomiky a management. Vol. 5, pp. 46-53.
DEVISSCHER, Purdey. 2011. “Legal Migration in the Relationship between the European Union and ACP Countries: The Absence of a True Global Approach Continues” In: European Journal of Migration and Law. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 53-94.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. 2015. EU Action Plan against migrant smuggling (2015–2020). In: COM (2015). Final. Brussels, Belgica.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. 2015. European Agenda on Migration. In: COM (2015) 240 Final. Brussels, Belgium.
FREIKA, Tomas; OKOLSKI, Marek; SWORD, Keith Sword. 1999. In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe: the Case of Ukraine. United Nations. Geneva.
KUSHNIR, Iryna; TSARENKO, Olha; TSARENKO, Serhii. 2021. “Legal and organizational problems on identification of persons in activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine” In: Juridical Tribune. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.113-130.
LIBANOVA, Ekaterina. 2010. “External labor migration of the population of Ukraine” In: Economy of Ukraine. Vol. 2, p. 38-42.
MALINOVSKAYA, Olha. 2010. “Migration policy of Ukraine: state and prospects of development”. NISD. Кyiv, Ukraine.
MIKOLAICHUK, Maksym. 2010. Financial and economic mechanism for ensuring sustainable balanced development of the region. NASM. Kyiv, Ukraine.
MOLINARI, Caterina. 2019. “The EU and its Perilous Journey through the Migration Crisis: Informalization of the EU Return Policy and Rule of Law Concerns” In: European Law Review. Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 824-840.
POTEMKINA, Olga. 2015. “European Migration Agenda” – a new turn in the EU Migration Policy” In: Contemporary Europe. Vol. 4, pp. 28–40.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the Concept of State Migration Policy. Decree of the President of Ukraine № 622/2011 from 2011. Available online. In: http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/622/2011. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 2014. On the optimization of the system of central executive bodies. Decree of the President of Ukraine № 442 from 2014. Available online. In: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/442-2014-%D0% BF. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
PROVINE, Doris Maria. “Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law” In: Journal of Law and Society. Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 292-296.
SADYKOVA, Larysa. 2016. “The New Line of the European Union in Migration Domain: Emphases and Mechanisms” In: Ezhegodnik IIS. MGIMO- University. Vol. 1, No. 15, pp. 13–19.
UNITED NATIONS. 1951.Convention and protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Available online. In: https://cms.emergency.unhcr.org/documents/11982/55726/Convention+relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees+%28signed+28+July+1951%2C+entered+into+force+22+April+1954%29+189+UNTS+150+and+Protocol+relating+to+the+Status+of+Refugees+%28signed+31+January+1967%2C+entered+into+force+4+October+1967%29+606+UNTS+267/0bf3248a-cfa8- 4a60-864d-65cdfece1d47. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
USSR. 1990. Declaration on the state sovereignty of Ukraine. Law № 55- XII from 1990. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/55-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1984. Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine. Law № 8073-X. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1991. On Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression in Ukraine. Law № 962-XII from 1991. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/962-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992. On approval of the Provisional Regulation on the Procedure for Determining the Status of Refugees from the Republic of Moldova and Providing Assistance to Them. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 378 from 1992. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/378-92-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1994. On the Procedure for Leaving Ukraine and Entering Ukraine by Citizens of Ukraine. Law № 3857- XII from 1994. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/3857-12#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. On approval of the Program to combat illegal migration for 1996-1997. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 83 from 1996. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/83-96-%D0%BF#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show1254k/96-вр. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1999. On the Principles of the State Policy of Ukraine in the Field of Human Rights. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine № 757-XIV from 1999. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/757-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. Criminal Code of Ukraine. Law № 2341-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2341-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Combating Illegal Migration. Law № 2247-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2247- 14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Citizenship of Ukraine. Law № 2235-III. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2235-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2001. On Immigration. Law № 2491-III from 2001. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/2491-14#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2003. On Freedom of Movement and Free Choice of Residence in Ukraine. Law № 1382-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1382-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA of Ukraine. 2004. On Ukrainians Abroad. Law № 1582- IV from 2004. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1582-15#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection. Law № 3671-VI from 2011. Available online. In:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3671- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2011. On the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons. Law № 3773-VI from 2011. September 9, 2011. Available online at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3773- 17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Law № 4651-VI. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov. ua/laws/show/4651-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2012. On Employment. Law № 5067-VI from 2012. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/5067-17#Text. Date of consultation: 05/12/2020.
Published
2021-12-17
How to Cite
Kuryliuk, Y., Slyvka, M., & Kushnir, Y. (2021). Regulación legal de la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal en Ucrania y la Union Europea. Political Questions, 39(71), 472-491. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.26
Section
Derecho Público
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