Protección penal de la vida y la salud de los niños: experiencia internacional
Abstract
Through a documentary methodology, the article examines the characteristics of the criminal protection of the life and health of children in Ukraine and some other countries. The problem of determining the time of the beginning of the protection of a child’s life and health, is analyzed in the light of the European experience. It is noted that in Ukraine it is necessary to recognize the right to live of the child at any stage of fetal development, to ensure the criminal protection of the child before birth. This approach is enshrined in several international legal acts, as well as confirmed by legal guarantees in the legal systems of many countries around the world. In addition, the article analyzes criminal law measures to guarantee the rights and interests of the child under modern Ukrainian law. The list of socially dangerous acts against minors is a result, so reinforced criminal liability is provided for considering the interests of minors. It has been concluded that in all post-Soviet countries the components of crimes against a person’s health, considering the legislator’s reaction to causing harm to the health of children during their commission, are clearly divided into three separate groups.
Downloads
References
BESEDKINA, Natalia. 2005. Constitutional and legal protection of the rights of an unborn child in the Russian Federation. Abstract of PhD thesis. Moscow Humanitarian University. Moscow, Russia.
DOLYANOVSKA, Iryna. 2008. “Criminal liability for exploitation of children (Analysis of the crime)”. Abstract of PhD Thesis. National University of Internal Affairs. Kyiv, Ukraine.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL. 1998. Directive No. 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. Available online. In: http:// eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31998L 0044&from=EN. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
GLUSHKOV, Vitaliy. 1987. Accountability for crimes in the field of health care. Vishcha shkola. Kiev, Ukraine.
JUREK, Tomasz. 2020. “Fetus exposure to HIV infection by mother during pregnancy - legal aspects” In: HIV & Aids Review. Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 147- 152.
JUSTICEOF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2011. Judgment of the Court of Justice (Grand Chamber). Available online. In: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/ document/document.jsf?text=&docid=111402&pageIndex=0&doclan g=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=416805. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
KALMYKOV, Dmytro. 2011. “Criminal liability for exploitation of children”. Abstract of PhD Thesis. Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine.
KORZHANSKY, Myhailo. 2001. Criminal Law. Legislation of Ukraine. Special Part. Course of lectures. Attica. Kyiv, Ukraine.
KOVLER, Alexandr. 2002. Anthropology of law. Norma Infra-M. Moscow, Russia.
KRETSUL, Vitaliy. 2016. Legal protection of minors and some features of their criminal liability. Legal influence on illegal behavior: current aspects. Ilion. Mykolaiv, Ukraine.
LYSENKO, Vitaliy. 2002. “Problems of determining the initial moment of protection of human life in criminal law” In: Russian investigator. Vol. 2, pp. 38-42.
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE. 2006. Instruction on definition of criteria of the perinatal period, live birth and stillbirth, the order of registration of live births and stillbirths: Statement of the Ministry of health of April 12, № 427/12301. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/z0427-06#Text. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
NAUMOV, Anatoliy. 2005. The practice of applying the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: comments on judicial practice and doctrinal interpretation. Walters Kluver. Moscow, Russia.
POPOV, Anatoliy. 2001. Crimes against the person under extenuating circumstances. Legal Center Press. St. Petersburg, Russia.
POROSHUK, Svitlana. 1998. “The human right to life as an object of legal regulation: the current state, problems in Ukraine” In: Bulletin of the Luhansk Institute of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Vol. 2, pp. 3-18.
POZDNYSHEV, Serhii. 1923. Essay on the basic principles of the science of criminal law. Yuridicheskaya literature. Moscow, Russia.
SELIKHOVA, Olga. 2002. Constitutional and legal problems of the exercise of the right of individuals to freedom and personal inviolability. Abstract of PhD thesis. Ural State Law University. Yekaterinburg, Russia.
SHARAPOV, Roman. 2005. “The beginning of criminal law protection of human life” In: Criminal law. Vol. 1, pp. 70-81.
SHEDLOSKY, Eric. 2008. “Protecting children from the harmful behavior of adults” In: Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. Vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 299-327.
TRUBNIKOV, Viktor. 2009. The concept of criminal law protection. Juridical Kharkiv. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 1985. United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice («The Beijing Rules») Adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985.Available online. In: https://www.ohchr.org/documents/ professionalinterest/beijingrules.pdf. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 1990.World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children. Available online. In: http://www.un-documents.net/wsc-dec.htm. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
UNITED NATIONS human rights. 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989. Available online. In:https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
UNITED NATIONS. 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available online. In: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of- human-rights. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
URBANIAK, Moniak; SPACZYNSKI, Robert. 2015. “Selected legal aspects of the protection of the unborn child in the light of the draft amendment to the Polish Penal Code” In: Ginekologia polska. Vol. 86, No.10, pp. 787- 790.
Copyright
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
The authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication where the article is presented, which is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to share the work prior to the recognition of the authorship of the article work and initial publication in this journal.
Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This work is under license:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
