Responsabilidad penal por proporcionar información inexacta sobre la propagación de la epidemia de Covid-19
Keywords:
pandemic, epidemic, inaccurate information, misinformation, criminal liability
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify problems related to the establishment of criminal liability for providing inaccurate information about the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic, and propose the ways to solve them. To aim involved the following methods: systemic approach, descriptive statistics, comparative approach, descriptive analysis, pragmatic approach, and forecasting. The effectiveness of health authorities’ response to outbreaks of diseases depends on the completeness and accuracy of the information disseminated. In fact, national legislations do not provide criminal liability for providing inaccurate information about the epidemiological situation in a pandemic. Therefore, there is a need to develop Interim Guidelines to ensure the accuracy of information on the epidemiological situation in a pandemic. A rule that criminalizes the provision of inaccurate information or the dissemination of inaccurate information about the incidence in an epidemic and/or pandemic, should be one of the rules on liability for crimes against national security, and should be punishable by imprisonment for a certain period and deprivation of the right to hold certain positions and engage in certain activities. This study is not exhaustive and opens up prospects for further research in this area.
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References
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ROGER LU, Philips; LAYLA, Abi-Falah. 2020. “Criminal Responsibility for the COVID-19 Pandemic in Syria” In: Columbia Human Rights Law Review, p. 523.
TERESCHENKO, Lidia. 2020. “Fake News: Legislation and Judicial Practice” In: Legal Issues in the Digital Age. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 140-147.
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ALAMEER, Ghaibi Abd; MOSLEM, Dhia; SHEHAD, Ali; ABD, Asseel. 2021. “The Criminal Manipulation in Government Medical Statistics During COVID-19 Crisis: A Comparative Study” In: Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 5415-5420.
ALLAHVERDIPOUR, Herbert. 2020. “Global Challenge of Health Communication: Infodemia in the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic” In: Journal of Education Community Health. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 65-67.
ASHRAFI-RIZI, Hasan; ZAHRA, Kazempour. 2020. “Information Typology in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; a Commentary” In: Archives of academic emergency medicine. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.19-26.
BANI-ISSA, Husein. 2021. “The criminal liability for the transmission of the Novel COVID-19 to others in accordance with the Bahraini Legislation” In: Analytical Study. Vol. 12, No. 13, pp. 168-176.
BARNERT, Elizabeth; AHALT, Cyrus; WILLIAMS, Brie. 2020. “Prisons: Amplifiers of the COVID-19 Pandemic Hiding in Plain Sight” In: American Journal of Public Health. Vol. 110, pp. 964_966.
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BRATU, Sofia. 2020. “The Fake News Sociology of COVID-19 Pandemic Fear: Dangerously Inaccurate Beliefs, Emotional Contagion, and Conspiracy Ideation” In: Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations. No.19, pp. 128- 134.
BUSTAN, Smadar; NACOTI, Mirco; BOTBOL-BAUM, Katherine; FISCHKOFF, Rita; CHARON, Laure; MADÉ, Jeremy; MEINHARD, Kritzinger. 2021. “COVID 19: Ethical dilemmas in human lives” In: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.716-732.
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DW. 2020. “The tip of the iceberg”. Is there a real mortality rate from COVID-19 in India? Available online. In: https://www.dw.com/uk/tse-verkhivka- aisberha-yaka-realna-smertnist-vid-covid-19-v-indii/a-57379856. Consultation date: 27/04/2021.
ELM, Jan-Philip; SAREL, Roee. 2021. Partially Right Means Generally Wrong: Why Some COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies Keep on Failing. Available online. In: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3775020. Consultation date: 23/02/2021.
ERNESTO D’ALOJA, Gabriele; FINCO, Roberto; DEMONTIS, Pietro; EMANUELE, Napoli; MAURIZIO, Fossarello; MATTEO, Nioi. 2020. “COVID-19 and medical liability: Italy denies the shield to its heroes” In: EClinical Medicine. Vol. 25, p. 100470.
FINANCICAL TIMES. 2020. Global coronavirus death toll could be 60% higher than reported. Available online. In: https://www.ft.com/ content/6bd88b7d-3386-4543-b2e9-0d5c6fac846c. Consultation date: 26/04/2021.
FRECKELTON, Ian. 2020. “COVID-19: Fear, quackery, false representations and the law” In: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. Vol. 72, No.9, pp.1016-1031.
FRENCH, Martin; MONAHAN, Torin. 2020. “Dis-ease Surveillance: How Might Surveillance Studies Address COVID-19?” In: Surveillance & Society. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 17-28.
FRIEDRICHS, David; VEGH WEIS, Valeria. 2021. “COVID-19 and the U.S. Health Care Industry: Towards a ‘Critical Health Criminology’ within State Crime Studies” In: State Crime Journal. Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 126-146.
GLOBAL DATA. 2021. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available online. In: https://covid19.who.int/who-covid-19-global-data.csv. Consultation date: 09/03/2021.
GORBATENKO, Olga. 2021. “Infodemic as social challenge: international, regional, national settings” In: Proceedings of INTCESS 2021 8th International Conference on Education and Education of Social Sciences, pp. 346-350.
HSDL. 2019. Government Responses to Disinformation on Social Media Government Responses to Disinformation on Social Media Platforms. Report for Congress LL File No. 2019-017919. Available online. In: https://www.hsdl.org. //digitalcommons.unl.edu/scholcom/178/. Consultation date: 20/04/2021.
HURFORD, Beth; RANA, Abhishek; SAMIR KUMAR SACHAN, Rohan. 2021. “Narrative-based misinformation in India about protection against Covid-19: Not just another “moo-point”” In: Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, pp. 21-25.
INSHYN, Mukola; SAINETSKY, Oleh; MELNYK, Volodumur; HUBS’KA, Olha; DZHURA, Kateryna. 2020. “Criminological Assessment of Medical Misconduct during the COVID-19 Pandemic” In: International Journal of Criminology and Sociology. Vol. 9, pp. 2012-2020.
INTERFAX. 2020. The actual number of COVID-19 cases in Ukraine is about 185 thousand against 55 thousand officially confirmed - KSE. Available online. In: https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/674927.html. Consultation date: 12/03/2021.
KACPER, Gradoń. 2020. “Crime in the time of the plague: fake news pandemic and the challenges to law-enforcement and intelligence community” In: Society Register. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 133-148.
KISLIY, Anatoliy M; KYSLENKO, Dmytro P; TYMOSHENKO, Yuriy P; KALININA, Iryna V; HURINA, Dariia P. 2021. “Criminal provision of medical secret protection in Covid–2019” In: Ad Alta Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. Vol. 1, special issue 26, pp. 67-71.
KOVALEVA, Natalia; ANICHKIN, Svatoslav; ANISIMOVA, Alina. 2020. “Legal Aspects of Information Threats in the Form of “Fakes” in the Conditions of Spread of COVID-19” In: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Vol. 48, pp. 222-226.
KOVALOVA, Svitlana. 2021. “Responsibility for violation of quarantine and sanitary rules and regulations for the prevention of the spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) under the laws of foreign countries and Ukraine” In: Right, Man, Environment. Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 112-129.
LI, Hao; HU, Mengnan; LIU, Shuang. 2020. “The need to improve the laws and regulations relevant to the outbreak of COVID-19: What might be learned from China?” In: Journal of global health. Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 328- 339.
MAHESHWARI, Mudit; GAUTAM, Hardik. 2021. Breach of right to life during covid-19 era: fixing government’s liability to compensate. Available online. In: https://thedailyguardian.com/breach-of-right-to-life-during- covid-19-era-fixing-governments-liability-to-compensate/. Consultation date: 09/03/2021.
MATIĆ BOŠKOVIĆ, Marina; NENADIĆ, Svetlana. 2021. “Impact of covid-19 pandemic on criminal justice systems accross Europe” In: EU and Comparative Law Issues and Challenges Series (ECLIC). Vol. 5, pp. 263- 290.
MINFIN. 2021. Coronavirus: country statistics. Available online. In: https:// index.minfin.com.ua/reference/coronavirus/geography/WHO. Consultation date: 09/03/2021.
OANCEA, Clara Maria. 2020. “Amendment of Criminal Legislation in the Context of the Current Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic” In: Proceedings of the 17th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, pp. 108-112.
OLATUNJI, Olusoji; AYANDELE, Olusola; ASHIRUDEEN, Doyin; OLUWATOSIN, Olaniru. 2020. ““Infodemic” in a pandemic: COVID-19 conspiracy theories in an african country” In: Social Health Behavior. Vol. 3, pp. 152-157.
OWEN, Dyer. 2020.“Covid-19: Turkey cracks down on doctors who doubt official figures” In: British Medical Journal. Vol. 370, pp. 26-29.
PARMET, Wendy; PAUL, Jeremy. 2020. “COVID-19: The First Posttruth Pandemic” In: American Journal of Public Health. Vol. 110, No. 7, pp. 945-946.
PROSTIR.UA. 2020. Ukraine already has legislation and mechanisms to combat misinformation: why the fight? Available online. In: https://www.prostir. ua/?news=v-ukrajini-vzhe-je-zakonodavstvo-i-mehanizmy-schodo- protydiji-dezinformatsiji-zarady-choho-kolotnecha. Consultation date: 24/04/2021.
QUINTANA, Francisco-José; URIBURU, Justina. 2020. “Modest International Law: COVID-19, International Legal Responses, and Depoliticization” In: American Journal of International Law. Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 687-697.
RADU, Roxada. 2020. Fighting the ‘Infodemic’: Legal Responses to COVID-19 Disinformation. Available online. In: https://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/full/10.1177/2056305120948190. Consultation date: 09/03/2021.
RAJAT, Khosla. 2020. “Technology, Health, and Human Rights: A Cautionary Tale for the Post-Pandemic World” In: Health and Human Rights. Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 63-66.
ROGER LU, Philips; LAYLA, Abi-Falah. 2020. “Criminal Responsibility for the COVID-19 Pandemic in Syria” In: Columbia Human Rights Law Review, p. 523.
TERESCHENKO, Lidia. 2020. “Fake News: Legislation and Judicial Practice” In: Legal Issues in the Digital Age. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 140-147.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. 2020. Infection prevention and control guidance for long-term care facilities in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance. Available online. In: https://apps. who.int/iris/handle/10665/331508. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tsinghua12&div=23&id=&page=. Consultation date: 21/04/2021.
WORLDOMETERS. 2021. Coronavirus Worldwide Graphs. Available online. In: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Consultation date: 09/04/2021.
YIRONG, Sun. 2021. “From SARS to COVID-19: Balance of China’s Criminal Law System” In: Tsinghua China Law Review, p. 399.
ZDRAV.EXPERT. 2021. Morbidity and mortality from coronavirus COVID-19. Available online. In: https://zdrav.expert/index.html
Published
2021-12-16
How to Cite
Danylevskyi, A. A., Akimov, M. A., Kutsenko, V. I., Savka, O. I., & Leonenko, T. Y. (2021). Responsabilidad penal por proporcionar información inexacta sobre la propagación de la epidemia de Covid-19. Political Questions, 39(71), 245-266. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.12
Section
Derecho Público
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