Political Extremism in Modern Democratic Transformations

Ivo  Svoboda; Olena V.  Novakova; Olena B.  Balatska; Olena V.  Karchevska; Valentyn S.  Tulinov

doi:10.46398/cuestpol.3970.30

Ivo Svoboda AMBIS, a.s. Vyská škola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0941-4686
Olena V. Novakova National Pedagogical Dragomanov University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-1904
Olena B. Balatska Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-3467
Olena V. Karchevska Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5208
Valentyn S. Tulinov Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3972-348X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.30

Keywords: political activity in Europe, status; democracy, political extremism, radicalism

Abstract

Modern political transformations involve free choice of ideology, ability to communicate with society and maintenance of their political preferences. Political struggle often leads to radical action and political extremism. The aim of this study involved an analysis of political extremism that occurs in modern democracies, and identification of the main factors underlying the development of political extremism. The determinants of the political stability/extremism are analysed based on the algorithm of hierarchical clustering. It is proved that 26 European countries studied in the work can be grouped into four clusters, which are characterised by the number of parties of extremist ideology in the national parliaments of European countries; Elite Quality Index (EQx); the Freedom in the World Index; Political Stability and Absence of Violence Index, which is part of The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). It is revealed that today ideological trends of authoritarian populism, conservatism and extremism are spreading in European countries. Cluster analysis has shown that the political extremism is influenced by the level of quality of national elites, the development of fundamental rights and freedoms, the political stability, and the absence of violence. Further research should focus on econometric simulation of factors shaping political extremism through economic development indicators.

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Author Biographies

Ivo Svoboda, AMBIS, a.s. Vyská škola

Associate Professor, guarantor of security management studies, AMBIS, a.s. Vyská škola, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.

Olena V. Novakova, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University

Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor Department of Political Science, Faculty of Political Science and Law, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Olena B. Balatska, Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University

Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at Department of Philosophy, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, 04053, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Olena V. Karchevska, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University

PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, and International Relations, Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, 93400, Severodonetsk, Ukraine.

Valentyn S. Tulinov , Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs

PhD in Law, Dean of the Faculty #2, Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, 87500, Mariupol, Ukraine.

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