Criminal Liability for Provoking Bribery
Keywords:
criminal liability, provocation of bribery, public relations, illicit gain, provoked person
Abstract
In modern conditions of development of public relations complication of activity of law enforcement agencies is observed. This is due to new challenges in the law enforcement system, including the fight against high levels of the organization and the criminal professionalism of corrupt individuals. Because of this, it is challenging for operational units to identify specific facts of illegal actions with the help of operational and investigative measures. At the same time, the fight against crime by establishing high quantitative indicators of disclosure remains one of the principles of law enforcement in Ukraine, including sometimes deviating from those means established by law. Therefore, the problem of provoking bribery is relevant for scholars of the legislator and law enforcement. The object of the study is criminal liability for provoking bribery. The research methodology consists of such methods as the dialectical method, analytical method, historical method, method of analysis of legal documents, articles, and monographs, method of generalization, comparison, synthesis, and modeling method. The authors identified the features of such liability to clarify the problematic issues of qualification of provoking bribery, and to distinguish the distinctive features of prosecution from other types of crimes.
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References
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VERETYANNIKOV, Volodymyr. 2013. Some aspects of the expediency of criminal liability for provoking bribery or commercial bribery. In: Bulletin of Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenko. Vol. 1, pp. 95–102. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/ UJRN/Vlduvs_2013_1_12. Consultation date: 10/01/2020.
YAREMENKO, Vayl; SLIPUSHKO, Oksana. 1998. New explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language. In: Aconite. Kyiv, Ukraine.
ZAGODIRENKO, Peter. 2013. Crime provocation: criminal law analysis and improvement of current legislation. In: Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanities University. Series: Jurisprudence. Vol. 6–1, No. 2, pp. 157–159. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ Nvmgu_jur_2013_6-1%282%29 40. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
ALYOSHINA, Olha. 2007. Provocation of a crime (criminal law investigation) Doctoral thesis. Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs. Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.
BANTISHEV, Oleksandr; KUZMIN, Serhii. 2008. Provocation of bribery as a special type of complicity in crime. In: Fight against organized crime and corruption (theory and practice). Vol. 19, pp. 105–112. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/boz_2008_19_13. Consultation date: 15/12/2020.
BATRACHENKO, Tetiana. 2016. Comparative legal analysis of criminal liability for provoking bribery of the legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries. In: Legal position. No. 1(16), pp. 96-101. Available online. In: http://www.legalposition.umsf.in.ua/archive/2016/1/15.pdf. Consultation date: 17/12/2020.
DROZDOV, Oleksandr. 2016. Topical issues of protection against provocation (incitement) of a person to commit a crime in the light of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. In: Bulletin of Criminal Procedure. No. 2, pp. 31–44. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/ UJRN/vkc_2016_2_6. Consultation date: 15/12/2020.
DUDOROV, Oleksandr. 2016. Criminal law aspects of bribery provocation. In: Legal scientific electronic journal. No. 1, pp. 76–82. Available online. In: http://www.lsej.org.ua/1_2016/23.pdf. Consultation date: 25/12/2020.
EGOROVA, Nataliia. 1997. Provocation of a bribe or commercial bribery. In: Russian justice. No. 8, pp. 26–28. Available online. In: http://base. garant.ru/3440122/. Consultation date: 25/12/2020.
LAW OF GEORGIA. 1999. Law of Georgia No. 2287, 22/07/1999. Criminal Code. Available online. In: https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/ view/16426?publication=209. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
GRUDZUR, Oleg. 2010. The objective side of bribery provocation. In: Fight against organized crime and corruption (theory and practice). Vol. 22, pp. 258–266. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ boz_2010_22_30. Consultation date: 13/12/2020.
KARTAVTSEV, Valerii; TOMCHUK, Inna; PRYTULA, Serhii. 2020. Criminal- legal analysis of bribery under the legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries. In: Law and society. No. 4, pp. 227-235. Available online. In: http://www.pravoisuspilstvo.org.ua/archive/2020/4_2020/35.pdf. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
KOMAR, Victoria. 2020. Concepts and types of bribery under the criminal legislation of Ukraine. In: National University “Odesa Law Academy”. Odesa, Ukraine.
KYIV REGION BAR COUNCIL. 2017. Several ECtHR decisions on provocation of a crime. Available online. In: https://radako.com.ua/news/dekilka- rishen-iespl-shchodo-provokaciyi-zlochinu. Consultation date: 15/12/2020.
MELNYK, Мykola; KHAVRONIUK, Мykola. 2008. Scientific and practical commentary on the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In: Legal opinion. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PERELYGINA, Raia; MIRKO, Bohdan. 2018. Regarding certain aspects of criminal liability for provoking bribery. In: Journal of Kyiv University of Law. No. 2, pp. 289-292. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/j-pdf/Chkup_2018_2_59.pdf. Consultation date: 19/11/2020.
RADACHINSKY, Serhii. 1999. Responsibility for provoking a bribe or commercial bribery. Rostov-na-Donu, Ukraine.
REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA. 2003. Law ZR-7/2003, of May 18, Criminal Code. Available online. In: http://www.parliament.am/legislation. php?sel=show&ID=1349&lang=eng. Consultation date: 06/01/2021.
REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA. 1968. Law 26/1968, of May 2, Criminal Code. State Gazette, 2 of May 1968, no. 26. Available online. In: https://www. legislationline.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/39/ Bulgaria/show. Consultation date: 06/01/2021.
REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. 2014. Law 226-V/2014, of July 3, Criminal Code. Available online. In: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/ section/criminal-codes/country/21/Kazakhstan/show. Consultation date: 06/01/2021.
REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN. 1998. Law 574/1998 of November 13, Criminal Code. Available online. In: https://www.legislationline.org/download/ id/8915/file/Tajikistan_CC_1998_am2020_en.pdf. Consultation date: 15/12/2020.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 1996. Law 63-FZ/1996 of June 13, Criminal Code:. Available online. In: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ru/ ru080en.pdf. Consultation date: 15/12/2020.
RYZHOVA, Olha. 2004. Improvement of criminal legislation providing for liability for provoking a bribe or commercial bribery. In: Russian investigator. No. 8, pp. 18–22.
SAVCHENKO, Andrii. 2007. Criminal law of Ukraine and federal criminal law of the United States of America: a comprehensive comparative legal study. In: Publishing House KTN. Kyiv, Ukraine.
STERN, Andrey. 2017. On the responsibility for provoking a crime in Ukraine. In: LEAGUE. Blogs. Available online. In: https://blog.liga.net/user/ ashtern/article/28824. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
TATSII, Vasyl; BORISOV, Valodymyr; TYUTYUGINA Valodymyr. 2015. Criminal law of Ukraine. Pravo. Kharkiv, Ukraine.
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN. 1995. Organic act 10/1995 of November 23, on the Criminal Code. Official State Gazette, 24 of November 1995, no. 281. Available online. In: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/criminalcodes/country/2/Spain/show. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC. 1997. Law 19/1997 of September 21, Criminal Code. Available online. In: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/kg/ kg013en.pdf. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS. 1999. Law 420/1999 of July 9, Penal Code. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta, 35 of September 1999, no. 24, pp. 2-243. Available online. In: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4. detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=54631. Consultation date: 02/01/2021.
THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA. 2000. Law VIII-1968/2000 of September
2, Criminal Code. Available online. In: https://www.legislationline. org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/17/Lithuania/show. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND. 1997. Law 1997 of June 6, Penal Code. Available online. In: https://www.legislationline.org/documents/ section/criminal-codes/country/10/Poland/show. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
TKALYCH, Maxym; SAFONCHYK, Oksana; TOLMACHEVSKA, Yuliia. 2020. Private Law and human rights: New realities. In: DIXI. No. 2. pp. 1-12.
LAW UKRAINE. 2001. Law 2341-III/2001 of May 5, Criminal Code of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 5 of May 2001. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14/ conv#n2649. Consultation date: 10/12/2020.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2015. Law 198-VIII/2015 of 12 February, on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning Ensuring the Activities of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine and the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine12 of February 2015. Available online. In: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/198-19. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
UKRAINE. 2020. Statistical information of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine on registered criminal offenses based on the results of their pre- trial investigation for 2018-2020. Available online. In: https://www. gp.gov.ua/ua/1stat. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
UKRAINE. Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, 26 april of 2002. On judicial practice in cases of bribery: Resolution 5. Available online. In: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0005700-02. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
UNITED NATIONS. 1950. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Available online. In: https://www.echr.coe.int/ documents/convention_eng.pdf. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
UNITED NATIONS. 1999. Anti-Corruption Criminal Convention (ETS 173).
Available online. In: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full- list/-/conventions/treaty/173. Consultation date: 10/12/2020.
US, Olha. 2015. Provocation of bribery: analysis of the crime and qualification issues. Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanities University. Series: Jurisprudence. Vol 16, No. 2, pp. 66-70. Available online. In: http://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/11463/1/Us_66-70. pdf. Consultation date: 12/12/2020.
VERETYANNIKOV, Volodymyr. 2013. Some aspects of the expediency of criminal liability for provoking bribery or commercial bribery. In: Bulletin of Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenko. Vol. 1, pp. 95–102. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/ UJRN/Vlduvs_2013_1_12. Consultation date: 10/01/2020.
YAREMENKO, Vayl; SLIPUSHKO, Oksana. 1998. New explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language. In: Aconite. Kyiv, Ukraine.
ZAGODIRENKO, Peter. 2013. Crime provocation: criminal law analysis and improvement of current legislation. In: Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanities University. Series: Jurisprudence. Vol. 6–1, No. 2, pp. 157–159. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ Nvmgu_jur_2013_6-1%282%29 40. Consultation date: 12/11/2020.
Published
2021-07-15
How to Cite
Stepanenko, O., Stepanenko, A., & Shepotko, M. (2021). Criminal Liability for Provoking Bribery. Political Questions, 39(69), 492-512. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.31
Section
Derecho Público
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