Identification of Advertising Trends in The Mass Media and On the Internet Used by Modern Terrorism

• Mikhail Y. Zelenkov Moscow State Academy of Water Transport, branch of the State University of the Sea and River Fleet named after Admiral S.O. Makarov, Novodanilovskaya Embankment,
• Vladimir G. Ponomarev K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University)
• Valery V. Gusev K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University)
• Anatoly N. Andreev K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University)
• Oleg N. Makarov Russian University of Transport

Abstract

The authors have set themselves the goal of analyzing the mass media and coverage of terrorist attacks on the Internet, to assess their impact on the growing number of terrorists in the world based on this analysis. The methodological basis of this research is represented by the comprehensive approach, which allowed identifying and corroborating the need to restructure the media and the Internet to combat modern terrorism. The epistemological potential of the statistical and sociological methods used within quantitative and qualitative research makes it possible to properly interpret the results of scientific research devoted to the subject of analysis. The results suggest that current activity by the media and Internet users encourages the growth in the number of terrorist acts in the world and improves the efficiency of recruiting newcomers to terrorist organizations. Furthermore, optimal ways of restructuring social media and expanding the scope of control of the operation of the Internet without violating freedom of expression and the right of citizens to free access to information are discussed.

References

ADOPTING THE LAUNCH OF THE ARAB MEDIA OBSERVATORY OF TERRORISM. 2006. Available online. In: https://www.alittihad.ae/article/71939/2017/. Date of consultation: 24/06/2018.

APPLET-MAGIC.COM. Nature and Significance of Terrorism. Available online. In: https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/terrorism.htm. Date of consultation: 07/07/2018.

COHEN-ALMAGOR, Raphael. 2005. “Media Coverage of Acts of Terrorism: Troubling Episodes and Suggested Guidelines” In: Canadian Journal of Communication. Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 383-409.

DWIVEDI, Ratnesh. 2019. International Terrorism and Television Channels: Operation and Regulation of BBC & CNN During Coverage of 9/11 & 26/11. RIAC. Available online. In: https://russiancouncil.ru/en/blogs/ratneshdwivedi/international-terrorism-and-television-channels-operation-and-regulati/. Date of consultation: 24/10/2019.

FAHMY, Shahira. 2017. “Media, Terrorism, and Society: Perspectives and Trends in the Digital Age” In: Mass Communication and Society. No. 20, pp. 735-739.

GRAU, Alexander. 2015. “Terrorismus hat sehr wohl mit Religion zu tun”In: Cicero Newsletter. Available online. In: https://www.cicero.de/kultur/weltanschauung-terrorismus-hat-sehr-wohl-religion/60232. Date of consultation: 16/07/2018.

HAPPER CATHERINE, Philo Greg. 2013. “The Role of the Media in the Construction of Public Belief and Social Change” In: Journal of Social and Political Psychology. Vol. 1, No.1, pp. 321-336.

INQUIRER. NET. 2017. Why is youth extremism on the rise? Available online. In: http://opinion.inquirer.net/109594/youth-extremism-rise. Date of consultation: 21/11/2019.

JENSEN, Michael; JAMES, Patrick; LAFREE, Gary. 2018. Aaron Safer-Lichtenstein, Elizabeth Yates. "The Use of Social Media by United States Extremists." START, College Park, Maryland. Available online. In: www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_PIRUS_UseOfSocialMediaByUSExtremists_ResearchBrief_July2018.pdf. Date of consultation: 07/07/2018.

MELEAGROU-HITCHENS, Alexander; HUGHES, Seamus; CLIFFORD, Bennett. 2018. “The Travelers: American Jihadists in Syria and Iraq” In: George Washington Program on Extremism. Available online. In: https://extremism.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2191/f/TravelersAmericanJihadistsinSyriaandIraq.pdf. Date of consultation: 07/07/2018.

MUHAMMAD HASAN, Ali. 2016. “Media and terrorism: dilemmas and challenges” In: Arab Media Society. Available online. In: https://www.arabmediasociety.com/media-and-terrorism-dilemmas-and-challenges-arabic/. Date of consultation: 07/07/2018.

NACOS, Brigitte. 2007. Mass-mediated terrorism: The central role of the media in terrorism and counterterrorism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. New York, USA.

NEW AMERICA. 2001. Terrorism in America After 9/11. Available online. In: https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/terrorism-in-america/part-i-overview-terrorism-cases-2001-today/. Date of consultation: 21/11/2019.

OGILVY, Jay. 2017. “TV and Terror: How the Medium Plays into Terrorist Strategy” In: Forbes. Available online. In: https://www.forbes.com/sites/stratfor/2017/11/09/tv-and-terror-how-the-medium-plays-into-terrorist-strategy/#1831941154bb. Date of consultation: 07/07/2018.

PASCOE, Madison. 2019. “Can Social Media be Considered a Cause of Terrorism?” In: International Policy Digest. Available online. In: https://intpolicydigest.org/2019/11/02/can-social-media-be-considered-a-cause-of-terrorism/. Date of consultation: 12/07/2019.

REPORT ISLAMIST CONTENT ON TELEGRAM. 2019. Children and young people lack protection. (February). Available online. In: http://jugendschutz.net. Date of consultation: 12/07/2019.

RT NEWS. 2017. “How to Burn Jews” Facebook Group Suggested To Advertisers By Algorithm. Available online. In: https://www.rt.com/news/403448-facebook-jewish-ads-algorithm/. Date of consultation: 24/06/2018.

SISTEMA MORALNO-PSIKHOLOGICHESKOGO OBESPECHENIYA V VOORUZHENNYKH SILAKH ROSSIISKOI FEDERATSII. 2005. [The system of moral and psychological support in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]. 12 TsT MO. Moscow, Russia. (In Russian)

UNITED NATIONS. 2015. In Special Meeting, Un Weighs Measures to Prevent Terrorists from Exploiting the Internet, Social Media. 2015. Special meeting of Security Council Committee 1373 (2001) concerning counter-terrorism. UN News. Available online. In: https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/12/518462-special-meeting-un-weighs-measures-prevent-terrorists-exploiting-internet. Date of consultation: 16/07/2016.

VEIMANN, Gabriel. 2011. Spetsialnyi doklad #116. Kak sovremennye terroristy ispolzuyut Internet [Special report no. 116. How modern terrorists use the Internet]. Nauka I obrazovanie protiv terrora. Available online. In: http://scienceport.ru/library/-literature/5170-spetsialnyiy-doklad-%E2%84%96-116-kak-sovremennyie-terroristyi-ispolzuyut-internet/. Date of consultation: 21/11/2019. (In Russian)

VESTNIK NATSIONALNOGO ANTITERRORISTICHESKOGO KOMITETA. 2019. [Bulletin of the National Antiterrorism Committee]. Vol. 1, No. 20, pp. 43–44. (In Russian)

WHARTON UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 2019. The Impact of Social Media: Is it Irreplaceable? Available online. In: https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/impact-of-social-media/. Date of consultation: 21/11/2019.

WILKINSON, Paul. 2006. Terrorism versus democracy – the liberal state response: second edition. Routledge. London, England.

ZELENKOV, Mikhail Yurievich. 2016. Moralno-psikhologicheskoe obespechenie deyatelnosti voisk, voinskikh formirovanii i organov [Moral and psychological support of the activities conducted by troops, military units and bodies]. INFRA-M. Moscow, Russia. (In Russian)

ZHIKHAR, R.A; KRIVOROTOV, V.A. 2019. O zarubezhnom i rossiiskom podkhodakh v oblasti ogranicheniya dostupa k razmeshchennym v seti Internet materialam terroristicheskogo kharaktera [On the foreign and Russian approaches in the sphere of restricting access to materials promoting terrorism published on the Internet]. Bulletin of the National Antiterrorism Committee. Vol. 1, No. 20, pp. 77.