The use of special knowledge in the investigation of violent crimes

El uso de conocimientos especiales en la investigación de delitos violentos

Palabras clave: delitos violentos, investigación preliminar, conocimientos especiales, investigador perito, examen médico forense

Resumen

El artículo está dedicado a resaltar el tema del uso de conocimientos especiales en la forma de realizar un examen durante la investigación de delitos cometidos con el uso de la violencia. El estudio ilustra que la proposición de que la participación del experto en la prueba en el proceso penal se basa en las leyes y categorías de la dialéctica y la lógica formal y, además, se lleva a cabo combinando la actividad práctica e intelectual. También, se distinguen los tipos de exámenes principales y atípicos: médico forense; psiquiátrico forense; psicológico forense; biológico forense; balística; examen de armas frías; trasológico y dactiloscópico. Dependiendo de la situación investigativa al momento del examen forense y de las pruebas disponibles, se indica una lista de cuestiones a resolver por el perito, tales como: química forense durante la investigación de delitos violentos; forense y orológico; ciencia del suelo; exámenes genéticos moleculares y de otro tipo, según el tipo de delito, la situación investigada y los objetos físicos disponibles. Se concluyó que los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de dichos exámenes deben actualizarse y adaptarse a la última tecnología y la mejor experiencia mundial más avanzada.

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Biografía del autor/a

Volodymyr Bondar, Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenka, IvanoFrankivsk, Ukraine.

PhD, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Criminal Law Disciplines, Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenka, IvanoFrankivsk, Ukraine.

Kira Gorelkina, Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, Kyiv, Ukraine.

PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public and Private Law, Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Liudmyla Kryvda , National University «Odesa Law Academy», Odesa, Ukraine.

Graduate student of the Department of Criminology, National University «Odesa Law Academy», Odesa, Ukraine.

Olena Nazaruk, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Ukraine, Lutsk, Ukraine.

Candidate of legal sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Criminal Lav and Procedure, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Ukraine, Lutsk, Ukraine. 

Tetiana Matiushkova, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Vinnytsia, Ukraine.

Candidate of legal sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Research Lab on Scientific Support of Law Enforcement and Personal Training, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Vinnytsia, Ukraine.

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Publicado
2023-02-15
Cómo citar
Bondar, V., Gorelkina, K., Kryvda , L., Nazaruk, O., & Matiushkova, T. (2023). The use of special knowledge in the investigation of violent crimes: El uso de conocimientos especiales en la investigación de delitos violentos. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(76), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.13