The use of special knowledge in the investigation of violent crimes

El uso de conocimientos especiales en la investigación de delitos violentos

• Volodymyr Bondar Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenka, IvanoFrankivsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-4555
• Kira Gorelkina Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-9488
• Liudmyla Kryvda National University «Odesa Law Academy», Odesa, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-3823
• Olena Nazaruk Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Ukraine, Lutsk, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-7243
• Tetiana Matiushkova Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-4581

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.13

Palabras clave: delitos violentos, investigación preliminar, conocimientos especiales, investigador perito, examen médico forense

Resumen

El artículo está dedicado a resaltar el tema del uso de conocimientos especiales en la forma de realizar un examen durante la investigación de delitos cometidos con el uso de la violencia. El estudio ilustra que la proposición de que la participación del experto en la prueba en el proceso penal se basa en las leyes y categorías de la dialéctica y la lógica formal y, además, se lleva a cabo combinando la actividad práctica e intelectual. También, se distinguen los tipos de exámenes principales y atípicos: médico forense; psiquiátrico forense; psicológico forense; biológico forense; balística; examen de armas frías; trasológico y dactiloscópico. Dependiendo de la situación investigativa al momento del examen forense y de las pruebas disponibles, se indica una lista de cuestiones a resolver por el perito, tales como: química forense durante la investigación de delitos violentos; forense y orológico; ciencia del suelo; exámenes genéticos moleculares y de otro tipo, según el tipo de delito, la situación investigada y los objetos físicos disponibles. Se concluyó que los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de dichos exámenes deben actualizarse y adaptarse a la última tecnología y la mejor experiencia mundial más avanzada.

Citas

ALEKSEEV, Oleksandr; VESELSKY, Viktor; PYASKOVSKY, Vadim. 2014. Investigation of certain types of crimes: a study guide. 2nd edition, revised and augmented. Kyiv, Ukraine.

AVDEEV, Mikhail. 1959. Course of forensic medicine. Gosyurizdat. Moscow, Russia.

CHRONOUS, Yulia. 2017. Forensic support for the investigation of crimes: a monograph. Nilan-LTD. Vinnytsia, Ukrania.

CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE. 2001. No. 2341-ІІІ-ВР. Database “Legislation of Ukraine” / Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https:// https://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF UKRAINE. 2012. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/4651-17. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

GONCHARENKO, Vladlen. 2010. Expertise in judicial practice: scientific and practical guide, 2nd edition, revised and supplemented. Yurynkom Inter. Kyiv, Ukraine.

HORA, Iryna. 2013. “Problems of using special knowledge in criminal justice of Ukraine” In: Legal journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs. No. 1, pp. 209–214.

ISHCHENKO, Petr. 1990. Specialist in investigative actions (criminal procaesal and forensic aspects). Yuridicheskaya literatura. Moscow, Russia.

KRAVCHENKO, Oleksandr; ZHEREBKO, Oleksandr; ZAVERYKO, Ruslana; VELMOZHNA-SYDOROVA, Antonina; CHASHNYTSKA, Tetiana. 2022. “Effectiveness of legislation and implementation of the rule of law” In: Cuestiones Politicas. Vol. 40, No. 72, pp. 69-88.

KRYVDA, Liudmyla; KRYVDA, Ruslan. 2021. “Genesis of forensic knowledge and directions of their use in investigation of violent crimes and crimes with gainful intent” In: Legal Bulletin. No. 2, pp. 133-145.

KUPIANSKY, Mykola. 2016. “Challenges in the use of specialized knowledge in the investigation of serial sexual-sadistic murders” In: Bulletin of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine. Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 118- 127.

LAZEBNY, Anatolii. 2016. “The role of special knowledge in the criminal justice system of Ukraine” In: International legal bulletin: collection of scientific works of the National University of the State Tax Service of Ukraine. No. 2, pp. 23-29.

MARKUS, Viktor. 2007. Forensics: education. manual Kyiv: Condor. Kyiv, Ukraine.

MIKHEEV, Roman. 1998. Criminal law and psychiatry. Far Eastern University Publishing House. Vladivostok, Russia.

NIKITINA-DUDIKOVA, Ganna. 2022. “Using special knowledge in the investigation of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and sexual integrity of children” In: Law and society. No. 3, pp. 219 225.

ON FORENSIC EXPERTISE. 1994. No. 4038-XII. Available online. In: https:// zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ru/4038-12/ed20170803. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICE OF UKRAINE. 1995. Order No. 6 registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 26.07.1995 under No. 248/784 (with amendments).

OVCHARENKO, Elena. 2006. Evidence in criminal cases of hooliganism (pre- trial proceedings): Scientific and practical. Allowance M. 128 p. Kiev, Ukraine.

PECULIARITIES OF SOIL SCIENCE EXAMINATION. 2017. Available online. In: https://kndise.gov.ua/osoblyvosti-provedennya-gruntoznavchoyi- ekspertyzy/. Consultation date: 23/09/2022.

PHOL, Klaus Dieter. 1985. Natural-scientific criminology: The experience of using scientific and technical tools in the investigation of certain types of crimes. Translation from German. Legal literature. Moskow, Russia.

PYRIG, Ihor. 2011. Theoretical foundations of expert activity of internal affairs bodies: Monograph. Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine.

SHEPITKO, Valery. 2001. Investigator’s Handbook. In-Yure. Kyiv, Ukraine.

SOKYRAN, Fedir; VOITOVYCH, Yevhen. 2021. “Use of special knowledge in the investigation of enforced disappearances” In: Entrepreneurship, economy and law. No. 2, pp. 285-290.