Normative regulation of witness immunity in international law

Regulación normativa de la inmunidad de testigos en la legislación internacional

• Yevhen Priakhin Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6146-6697
• Andrii Lytvyn National Police of the Volyn Region, Volyn Region, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-7569
• Nataliia Kononenko National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3958
• Yevdokiia Buzhdyhanchuk National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0389-1641
• Irina Dubivka National Police of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-3630

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4072.11

Palabras clave: proceso penal, testigo, inmunidad de testigos, testimonio, garantías

Resumen

Mediante la dialéctica materialista el artículo está dedicado al estudio y solución de cuestiones teóricas y prácticas relacionadas con el derecho de una persona a no declarar ni dar explicaciones sobre sí misma, sus familiares o parientes cercanos. Interesó aquí la revisión minuciosa de las fuentes doctrinales de este derecho, el significado y metodología de su investigación, el concepto y contenido del derecho de una persona a no testificar, las peculiaridades de este derecho en Ucrania y en el mundo, su legislación, así como su garantía de implementación. Además, con base en el análisis de la legislación de cada país, los autores identifican las características de la garantía, analizan los aspectos teóricos y los problemas prácticos de otorgar a las autoridades policiales y judiciales el derecho a no declarar o dar explicaciones sobre sí mismos.Se concluye que, la inmunidad de los testigos significa un conjunto de normas que exime a ciertos grupos de testigos de la obligación de declarar en los procesos penales, así como de la obligación del testigo de declarar contra sí mismo. En este sentido, la inmunidad para un testigo se divide en dos tipos de imperativos: (absoluto, incondicional) y dispositivo (relativo, condicional).

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