Taxa de postura e qualidade dos ovos de três genótipos de galinhas na agricultura familiar do sudoeste da Argélia

• Abderrahmen Boubekeur Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Adrar, Adrar, Algeria. Higher School of Saharan Agriculture, Adrar, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-1693
• Mohammed Souddi Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Adrar, Adrar, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-8113

Resumo

Este estudo, realizado no sudoeste da Argélia, avaliou pela primeira vez a influência do genótipo (galinha local, Fayoumi e Plymouth Rock) na qualidade dos ovos em sistemas familiares de oásis. Foram analisadas características externas e internas de 180 ovos (60 por genótipo) ao longo de um ano, utilizando ANOVA unidirecional e o teste post hoc de Tukey. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre os genótipos. Para as características externas, o peso do ovo diferiu (P<0,05), sendo maior para Plymouth Rock (46,79 g), seguida pela galinha local (44,42 g) e Fayoumi (40,07 g). O comprimento (P<0,05) foi maior para a galinha local (52,06 mm), depois Plymouth Rock (48,80 mm) e Fayoumi (46,58 mm). A largura (P<0,001) também variou, com a galinha local (36,93 mm) e Plymouth Rock (36,58 mm) produzindo ovos mais largos que o Fayoumi (34,20 mm). O índice de forma (P<0,001) e o peso da casca (P<0,001) apresentaram variações significativas. Nas características internas, o peso do albúmen diferiu (P<0,05), sendo maior para Plymouth Rock (27,28 g), depois galinha local (24,72 g) e Fayoumi (23,40 g). O peso da gema não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os genótipos. Em conclusão, o genótipo influencia marcadamente a morfologia e a composição dos ovos, destacando a importância de fatores genéticos em programas de seleção para melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade dos ovos, essenciais para a segurança alimentar e sustentabilidade dos agricultores familiares na região.

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