Tasa de puesta y calidad de los huevos de tres genotipos de gallinas en la agricultura familiar del suroeste de Argelia

• Abderrahmen Boubekeur Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Adrar, Adrar, Algeria. Higher School of Saharan Agriculture, Adrar, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-1693
• Mohammed Souddi Laboratory of Saharan Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Adrar, Adrar, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-8113

Resumen

Este estudio evaluó por primera vez el efecto del genotipo (gallina local, Fayoumi y Plymouth Rock) sobre la calidad del huevo en granjas familiares del suroeste de Argelia, analizando 180 huevos. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante ANOVA y la prueba HSD de Tukey, mostraron diferencias significativas. En las características externas, el peso del huevo (P<0.05) fue mayor para Plymouth Rock (46.79 g), seguido de la local (44.42 g) y Fayoumi (40.07 g). La longitud (P<0.05) fue mayor en la gallina local (52.06 mm), comparada con Plymouth (48.80 mm) y Fayoumi (46.58 mm). La anchura (P<0.001) también varió, siendo mayor en la local (36.93 mm) frente a Fayoumi (34.20 mm) y Plymouth (36.58 mm). El peso de la cáscara (P<0.001) difirió significativamente entre genotipos. El índice de forma (P<0.001) confirmó una morfología distinta del huevo para cada genotipo. En las características internas, el peso de la albúmina (P<0.05) fue significativamente mayor en Plymouth Rock (27.28 g) que en la local (24.72 g) y la Fayoumi (23.40 g). Sin embargo, el peso de la yema no mostró diferencias estadísticas entre los tres grupos (local: 15.00 g, Fayoumi: 14.37 g, Plymouth: 14.93 g). En conclusión, los hallazgos demuestran que la genética de la gallina influye marcadamente en las propiedades morfométricas externas y en el componente de la albúmina del huevo, subrayando su importancia crítica para los programas de selección avícola en estos sistemas de agricultura familiar, donde mejorar estos atributos es esencial para la productividad, la seguridad alimentaria y los medios de vida locales.

Citas

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