Efeito interativo da restrição de umidade e ácido salicílico nas respostas bioquímicas em Phaseolus coccineus

• Jesús Mao Aguilar-Luna Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Agroforest Engineering. 73640. Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-4848
• Juan Manuel Loeza-Corte University of Cañada, Agroindustrial Engineering. 68540. Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-9233
• Ernesto Díaz-López Technological University of Tehuacan, Biofood Process Engineering. 75859. Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5623-8470

Palavras-chave: carotenóides, seca, glicinabetaína, osmolitos, pigmentos fotossintéticos

Resumo

O aumento da escassez de água leva-nos a considerar a compreensão das culturas básicas sob estas condições, juntamente com isto, as respostas positivas do ácido salicílico em diferentes culturas, pode ser uma opção para levar à frutificação o cultivo de feijão corredor (Phaseolus coccineus). Este estudo avaliou o efeito do ácido salicílico (ÁS) sobre a resposta bioquímica do P. coccineus, com restrição de umidade nos períodos de janeiro a julho de 2019 e 2020, na Universidade Autônoma Benemerita de Puebla, México. A pesquisa consistiu em três níveis de seca: 30, 60 e 100% de umidade do solo; cinco níveis de SA: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 e 2.0 mM; e dois níveis de adubação: não fertilizante e fertilizante [(00-60-30) na semeadura + (30N) nitrogênio foliar na fase de enchimento de grãos] para os dois períodos de crescimento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso fatorial com cinco repetições. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação foliar com 1.5 mM de ÁS manteve o maior teor relativo de água nas folhas (89.05%), assim como clorofila a, b e carotenóides (2.20, 1.11 e 0.90 µg.mL^-1, respectivamente); de glicinabetaína (24.80 µmol.g^-1 de peso seco) e açúcares solúveis totais (31.15 mg eq.glicose g^-1 de peso seco), excluindo prolina. O SA não aumentou as frações protéicas, mesmo em plantas com fertilizante; mas os efeitos positivos do SA foram maiores em plantas sem estresse hídrico e com adubação.

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