Efecto interactivo de la restricción de humedad y ácido salicílico sobre las respuestas bioquímicas de Phaseolus coccineus

• Jesús Mao Aguilar-Luna Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla, Agroforest Engineering. 73640. Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-4848
• Juan Manuel Loeza-Corte University of Cañada, Agroindustrial Engineering. 68540. Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-9233
• Ernesto Díaz-López Technological University of Tehuacan, Biofood Process Engineering. 75859. Mexico. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5623-8470

Palabras clave: carotenoides, sequía, glicinabetaína, osmolitos, pigmentos fotosintéticos

Resumen

El incremento en la escasez de agua lleva a considerar el entendimiento de los cultivos básicos bajo estas condiciones, aunado a esto, las respuestas positivas del ácido salicílico en diferentes cultivos, puede ser una opción para llevar a buen término el cultivo de frijol ayocote (Phaseolus coccineus). En este estudio se evaluó el efecto del ácido salicílico (ÁS) en la respuesta bioquímica de P. coccineus, con restricción de humedad en los periodos de enero a julio de 2019 y 2020 en la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México. La investigación constó de tres niveles de sequía: 30, 60 y 100% de humedad del suelo; cinco niveles de ÁS: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 y 2.0 mM; y dos niveles de fertilización: sin fertilizante y con fertilizante [(00-60-30) al momento de la siembra + (30N) nitrógeno foliar en la etapa de llenado de grano] para los dos períodos de cultivo. El diseño experimental fue factorial en bloques con cinco repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación foliar con 1.5 mM de ÁS mantuvo el mayor contenido relativo de agua en hojas (89.05%), así como clorofila a, b y carotenoides (2.20, 1.11 y 0.90 µg.mL^-1, respectivamente); de glicinabetaína (24.80 µmol.g^-1 en peso seco) y azúcares solubles totales (31.15 mg eq.glucosa g^-1 en peso seco), excluyendo prolina. El ÁS no incrementó las fracciones protéicas, incluso en plantas con fertilización; pero los efectos positivos del ÁS fueron mayores en plantas sin estrés hídrico y con fertilización.

Citas

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