La aplicación exógena de prolina puede mejorar la tolerancia del sorgo dulce (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) bajo estrés por déficit hídrico

• Timucin Taş Division of Veterinary Medicine, Kepsut Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-9064
• Orkun Babacan Division of Veterinary Medicine, Kepsut Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-1825
• Yahya Işik Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7654-1565
• Tülay Turgut Genç Division of Veterinary Medicine, Kepsut Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-3572
• Hüseyin Güngör Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-6337

Palabras clave: sorgo, prolina exógena, estrés hídrico, SPAD, peso seco de la raíz

Resumen

La sequía es un importante estrés abiótico que amenaza la seguridad alimentaria mundial al reducir el rendimiento y la calidad de los cultivos. La aplicación foliar de osmoprotectores como la prolina ofrece un medio prometedor para mitigar el daño inducido por la sequía. Este estudio examinó los efectos de la prolina exógena (P0, P200, P400 y P600 mg.L^-1), el genotipo de sorgo y su interacción sobre rasgos morfológicos, fisiológicos, bioquímicos, de calidad forrajera y microbianos bajo diferentes niveles de sequía (I100, I75, I50 e I25). La aplicación de prolina incrementó la materia seca en más del 100 % bajo déficits medios a severos y aumentó el peso seco de la raíz en un 90 % con una reducción del 75 % del agua. La respuesta más fuerte se observó en el contenido de clorofila (SPAD), lo que refleja una mayor estabilidad fotosintética. La prolina exógena redujo el secado foliar en un 25 % y alivió las disminuciones de la calidad forrajera relacionadas con la sequía, como lo evidencian las mejoras en NDF, ADF y ADL. También incrementó la actividad de la peroxidasa en mayor medida que la superóxido dismutasa y la catalasa, minimizando la toxicidad del peróxido de hidrógeno (H₂O₂) y el estrés oxidativo. Incluso bajo sequía extrema (I25), la prolina mantuvo el vigor de la planta y mejoró la eficiencia en el uso del agua en un 25 - 40 % en la etapa de plántula. En comparación con el control, el contenido de clorofila foliar (valores SPAD) disminuyó en un 13.91 %, 24.28 % y 31.85 % bajo los tratamientos I75, I50 e I25, respectivamente, lo que sugiere que las mediciones SPAD en la etapa de plántula pueden servir como un indicador práctico y rentable para identificar genotipos de sorgo tolerantes a la sequía.

Citas

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