Control biológico del moho gris de la vid: evaluación in vitro e in vivo de la actividad antagónica de cepas indígenas de Trichoderma harzianum (Mascara, Argelia)

• Imen Benbahi Laboratory of Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics (L.R.S.B.G), Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, 29000, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8920-5402
• Aoumria Merzoug Laboratory of Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics (L.R.S.B.G), Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, 29000, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-6902
• Mohamed El Amine Kouadri Laboratory of Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics (L.R.S.B.G), Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, 29000, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-3497
• Amel Bennacer Laboratory of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Ressources (VALCOR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University M'hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-6991

Palabras clave: Botrytis cinerea, Vitis vinifera, antagonismo, promoción de crecimiento

Resumen

El moho gris, causado por el hongo necrotrófico Botrytis cinerea, ha sido responsable de perdidas económicas significativas en la producción de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) en todo el mundo, incluyendo Argelia, lo que resalta la necesidad de alternativas de control sostenibles. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial antagónico de una cepa autóctona de Trichoderma harzianum contra aislados locales de B. cinerea de Mascara, Argelia. Un aislado altamente virulento de B. cinerea (BC3) se recolectó de hojas de vid infectadas y se identificó mediante análisis morfológicos y moleculares, mientras que el aislado antagonista de T. harzianum (T5) se obtuvo de la rizosfera de vides sanas. Los ensayos de cultivo dual in vitro mostraron que T. harzianum inhibió significativamente el crecimiento micelial de B. cinerea, con una inhibición directa del 80,50 % y una inhibición indirecta del 72,87 %. Experimentos in vivo confirmaron aún más su eficacia, reduciendo la incidencia de la enfermedad en un 56,25 % y acelerando el crecimiento de las plantas, aumentando su altura de 60 a 96 cm, con una notable mejora en la biomasa vegetativa. Estos resultados sugieren que la cepa nativa T. harzianum T5 es un agente de biocontrol prometedor y eficaz para el manejo sostenible de la podredumbre gris en viñedos.

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