Laying rate and egg quality of three hen genotypes in family farming of southwest Algeria
Abstract
The quality and number of eggs produced by laying hens introduced into family oasis farms in southwestern Algeria remain poorly studied. This study evaluated the effect of genotype (local hen, Fayoumi, and Plymouth Rock) on egg quality. A total of 180 eggs (60 per genotype) were collected over one year, and their external characteristics (egg weight, length, width, shape index and shell weight) and internal characteristics (yolk weight and albumen weight) were analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of genotype on the measured egg characteristics. Post hoc comparisons were conducted using Tukey's HSD test. The results showed that genotype had a significant effect on several traits. Egg weight (P<0.05), length (P<0.05), width (P<0.001), shell weight (P<0.001) and albumen weight (P<0.05) differed among genotypes. The shape index also varied (P<0.001), reflecting distinct egg morphology. The external measures were egg weight (Local hen: 44.42 g, Fayoumi: 40.07 g, Plymouth: 46.79 g), length (Local hen: 52.06 mm, Fayoumi: 46.58 mm, Plymouth: 48.80 mm), and width (Local hen: 36.93 mm, Fayoumi: 34.20 mm, Plymouth: 36.58 mm). The internal measures were yolk weight (Local hen: 15.00 g, Fayoumi: 14.37 g, Plymouth: 14.93 g) and albumen weight (Local hen: 24.72 g, Fayoumi: 23.40 g, Plymouth: 27.28 g). In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of considering genetic factors in poultry selection and improvement programs, particularly in family farming systems in southwest Algeria, where improving productivity and egg quality is essential for food security and improving farmers’ livelihoods.
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References
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El-Komy, E. M., Abdelsalam, A. M., Ramadan, G. S. & Abdel-Halim, A. A. (2024). The impact of layer strains genotype on egg quality and eggshell ultrastructural. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 55(6), 1751-1763. https://qrcd.org/9bFq
Elnesr, S. S., Mahmoud, B. Y., da Silva Pires, P. G., Moraes, P., Elwan, H. A., El-Shall, N. A., El-Kholy, M. & Alagawany, M. (2024). Trace minerals in laying hen diets and their effects on egg quality. Biological Trace Element Research, 202(12), 5664-5679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8
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Mohammed, M. D., Abdalsalam, Y. I., Kheir, A. M., Jin-yu, W. & Hussein, M. H. (2005). Comparison of the egg characteristics of different Sudanese indigenous chicken types. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(7), 455-457. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.455.457
Moula, N. (2018). Quality Assessment of eggs of 3 chicken lines Marketed in Eastern Algeria. Archivos de zootecnia, 67(259), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v67i259.3791
Moula, N., Ait-Kaki, A., Leroy, P. & Antoine-Moussiaux, N. (2013). Quality assessment of marketed eggs in Basse kabylie (Algeria). Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 15(4), 395-399. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2013000400015
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Schreiter, R. & Freick, M. (2023). Laying performance characteristics, egg quality, and integument condition of Saxonian chickens and German Langshan bantams in a free-range system. Journal of applied poultry research, 32(3), 100359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2023.100359
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Tůmová, E., Zita, L., Hubený, M., Skřivan, M. & Ledvinka, Z. (2007). The effect of oviposition time and genotype on egg quality characteristics in egg type hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 52(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.17221/2326-CJAS
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Uçar, A. (2024). The Effects of Rearing Systems on Incubation, Egg Production and Quality Traits in Pharaoh Quails. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 12(8), 1388-1395. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i8.1388-1395.6936
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Bordas, A., Abd-el-Gawad, E. M. & Mérat, P. (1994). Performances de production d’oeufs et efficacité alimentaire de poules de race égyptienne Mandarah à deux températures. Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 47(4), 411-413. https://doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9081
Boubekeur, A., Benyoucef, M. T., Maaraf, A. & Souddi, M. (2024). Factors Influencing Milk Yield During Lactation of D’man Ewes in its Cradle in Algeria. Annals of "Valahia" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture, 16(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2024-0004
Dahloum, L., Halbouche, M. & Arabi, A. (2015). Egg quality traits of two phenotypes of local chickens. Comparison with eggs of commercial strain. Agriculture, 6(1), 10-18. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/5895
El-Komy, E. M., Abdelsalam, A. M., Ramadan, G. S. & Abdel-Halim, A. A. (2024). The impact of layer strains genotype on egg quality and eggshell ultrastructural. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 55(6), 1751-1763. https://qrcd.org/9bFq
Elnesr, S. S., Mahmoud, B. Y., da Silva Pires, P. G., Moraes, P., Elwan, H. A., El-Shall, N. A., El-Kholy, M. & Alagawany, M. (2024). Trace minerals in laying hen diets and their effects on egg quality. Biological Trace Element Research, 202(12), 5664-5679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8
Emam, A. M. (2021). Evaluation of four nonlinear models describing egg production curve of Fayoumi layers. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 41(1), 147-159. https://qrcd.org/9bFn
Ferreira, P. B., Rorato, P. R. N., Mello, F. C. B., Bevilaqua, B., Macedo, A. & Brittes, L. B. P. (2017). Egg production evaluation of laying hens by multivariate analysis. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 69(3), 676-682. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8540.
Gençoğlan, S. (2023). The Effects of Heat Stress on Yield and Fertility of Laying Hens and Precautions to be Taken. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 11(1), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i1.140-150.5798
Hartmann, C., Johansson, K., Strandberg, E. & Rydhmer, L. (2003). Genetic correlations between the maternal genetic effect on chick weight and the direct genetic effects on egg composition traits in a White Leghorn line. Poultry science, 82(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.1.1
Ianni, A., Bartolini, D., Bennato, F. & Martino, G. (2021). Egg quality from Nera Atriana, a local poultry breed of the Abruzzo Region (Italy), and ISA Brown hens reared under free range conditions. Animals, 11(2), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020257
Icken, W., Looft, C., Schellander, K., Cavero, D., Blanco, A., Schmutz, M. & Preisinger, R. (2014). Implications of genetic selection on yolk proportion on the dry matter content of eggs in a White Leghorn population. British Poultry Science, 55(3), 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2014.917272
Islam, M., Devnath, D., Meem, I. & Nishibori, M. (2025). Effect of limestone or extruded eggshell on egg and eggshell quality of laying hens. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(2), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250902.16
Kara Ali, M., Ait Kaki, A., Milet, A. & Moula, N. (2014). Quality assessment of marketed eggs in Eastern Algeria. Revue Nature et Technologie, 6(2), 52-58. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/43404
Keambou, T. C., Boukila, B., Moussonda, G. & Manjeli, Y. (2009). Comparaison de la qualité des œufs et des performances de croissance des poussins locaux des zones urbaines et rurales de l’Ouest-Cameroun. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3(3), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v3i3.45334
Ketta, M. & Tůmová, E. (2016). Eggshell structure, measurements, and quality-affecting factors in laying hens: a review. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 61(7), 299-309. https://doi.org/10.17221/46/2015-CJAS
Khawaja, T., Khan, S. H., Mukhtar, N., Ullah, N. & Parveen, A. (2013). Production performance, egg quality and biochemical parameters of Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red and their reciprocal crossbred chickens. Journal of applied animal research, 41(2), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2012.739969
King’ori, A. M. (2012). Poultry egg external characteristics: egg weight, shape and shell colour. Research Journal of Poultry Sciences, 5(2), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjpscience.2012.14.17
Krawczyk, J., Lewko, L., Sokołowicz, Z., Koseniuk, A. & Kraus, A. (2023). Effect of hen genotype and laying time on egg quality and albumen lysozyme content and activity. Animals, 13(10), 1611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101611
MADR, (2021). Agricultural statistics: Areas and Production Series B 2019. Direction of agricultural statistics and information systems, 87 p. https://madr.gov.dz/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/SERIE-B-2019.pdf
Merat, P., Bordas, A., Coquerelle, G. & Monvoisin, J.L. (1991). Effect of the Na (Naked neck) and O (blue eggshell) genes on egg production, egg traits and female reproductive performances according to the ambient temperatura. European Poultry Science, 55(3), 130-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9098(25)01245-7
Messerli, F., Vongpatanasin, W. & Messerli, A. (2022). Eggs and the heart. European heart journal, 43(45), 4672-4674. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac473
Milisits, G., Donkó, T., Dalle Zotte, A., Sartori, A., Szentirmai, E., Emri, M., Opposits, G., Orbán, A., Pőcze, O., Repa, I. & Sütő, Z. (2013). Application of computed tomography to assess the effect of egg yolk ratio on body composition in chickens of different genotype and gender at hatch and during the rearing period. British Poultry Science, 54(5), 611-619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2013.811714
Mohammed, M. D., Abdalsalam, Y. I., Kheir, A. M., Jin-yu, W. & Hussein, M. H. (2005). Comparison of the egg characteristics of different Sudanese indigenous chicken types. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(7), 455-457. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.455.457
Moula, N. (2018). Quality Assessment of eggs of 3 chicken lines Marketed in Eastern Algeria. Archivos de zootecnia, 67(259), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v67i259.3791
Moula, N., Ait-Kaki, A., Leroy, P. & Antoine-Moussiaux, N. (2013). Quality assessment of marketed eggs in Basse kabylie (Algeria). Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 15(4), 395-399. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2013000400015
Negoiță, I., Bălăceanu, R. & Dojană, N. (2017). Calcium intake level as factor of influencing of the eggshell qualities in laying hens. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Food Science and Technology, 74(2), 74-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:0002
Nys, Y. & Sauveur, B. (2004). Valeur nutritionnelle des oeufs. INRAE Productions Animales, 17(5), 385-393. https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.5.3611
Parmar, S. N. S., Thakur, M. S., Tomar, S. S. & Pillai P. V. A. (2006). Evaluation of egg quality traits in indigenous Kadaknath breed of poultry. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(9), 132. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/9/parm18132.htm
Pormento, M., Gacutan Jr, M., Godinez, C. J., Geromo, R. & Jimenea, J. R. (2025). Voluntary Feed Intake and Egg Quality Traits of Caged Vs Cage-free Layers as Affected by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Larvae Supplementation. International Journal on Science and Technology, 16(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.71097/ijsat.v16.i2.3772
Puglisi, M. J. & Fernandez, M. L. (2022). The health benefits of egg protein. Nutrients, 14(14), 2904. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142904
R Core Team (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. https://www.R-project.org
Rafed, R., Abedi, M. H. & Mushfiq, S. R. (2024). Nutritional value of eggs in human diet. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 3(1), 172-176. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.1.28
Rakonjac, S., Dosković, V., Bošković, S. B., Škrbić, Z., Lukić, M., Petričević, V. & Petrović, D. M. (2021). Production performance and egg quality of laying hens as influenced by genotype and rearing system. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 23(2), eRBCA-2019. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1045
Rizzi, C., Cendron, F., Penasa, M. & Cassandro, M. (2022). Egg quality of Italian local chicken breeds: I. Yield performance and physical characteristics. Animals, 13(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010148
Samandoulougou, S., Ilboudo, A. J., Ouedraogo, G. S., Bagre, T. S., Tapsoba, F. W., Compaore, H., Dao, A., Zoungrana, A., Savadogo, A. & Traore, A. S. (2016). Qualité physico-chimique et nutritionnelle des œufs de poule locale et de race améliorée consommés à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10(2), 737-748. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v10i2.23
Schreiter, R. & Freick, M. (2023). Laying performance characteristics, egg quality, and integument condition of Saxonian chickens and German Langshan bantams in a free-range system. Journal of applied poultry research, 32(3), 100359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2023.100359
Schneider W. J. (2016). Lipid transport to avian oocytes and to the developing embryo. Journal of biomedical research, 30(3), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.30.20150048
Škrbić, Z., Lukić, M., Petričević, V., Bogosavljević-Bošković, S., Rakonjac, S., Dosković, V. & Tolimir, N. (2020). Quality of eggs from pasture rearing layers of different genotypes. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 36(2), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.2298/bah2002181s
Tůmová, E., Zita, L., Hubený, M., Skřivan, M. & Ledvinka, Z. (2007). The effect of oviposition time and genotype on egg quality characteristics in egg type hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 52(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.17221/2326-CJAS
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Published
2026-01-28
How to Cite
Boubekeur, A., & Souddi, M. (2026). Laying rate and egg quality of three hen genotypes in family farming of southwest Algeria. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 43(1), e264311. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/45133
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Section
Animal Production
Copyright (c) 2026 Abderrahmen Boubekeur, Mohammed Souddi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
