Obtaining and characterization of pellets based on walnut shells, waste paper and paperboard
Resumen
Spite of continuously deforestation in Chile in the last 40 years, the production of combustion pellets is increased, being the main producer Ecomas. For this study, it was testedwalnut and wheat shells, waste paperboard and waste Kraft paperas raw materials for17 formulations of pellets. Only 8 formulations were successful for pellet production. The 8 pellets obtained and Ecomas pellet were compared according to ash and moisture content and heating value (HHV). The pellets obtained indicated a better HHV and moisture content but a higher ash content than Ecomas pellet. Moreover, 8 pellets and Ecomas pellet were compared with the set values inEuropean Norm EN 14961-2, indicating that pellets 5 and 6, meet the EN 14961-2. In view of the results achieved, the mixtures used in this study could considered as promising raw material for the production of combustion pellets with similar characteristics as commercial pellet Ecomas.
Descargas
Citas
R. Tauro, C.A. García, M. Skutsch, O. Masera. “The potential for sustainable biomass pellets in Mexico: An analysis of energy potential, logistic costs and market demand”. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 82, (2018) 380-389.
L.E Arteaga-Perez, M. Vega, L.C. Rodríguez, M. Flores, C.A. Zaror, L.Y. Casas.“Life-cycle assessment of coal-biomass based electricity in Chile: focus on using raw vs torrefied” Wood. Energ. Sustain. Dev. 15, (2015) 29-81.
H. Thomson, C. Liddell. “The suitability of wood pellet heating for domestic households: A review of literature”. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 42,(2015) 1362-1369.
M. Alarcón, C. Santos, M. Cevallos, R. Eyzaguirre, S. Ponce.”Study of the mechanical and energetic properties of pellets produce from agricultural biomass of quinoa, beans, oat, cattail and wheat.”Waste Biomas Valor. 8, (2017) 2881-2888.
D. Thrän, D. Peetz, K.Schaubach. “Global Wood Pellet Industry and Trade Study. International Energy Agency (IEA)”. IEA Bionergy (2017).
M. Weisse, E.D. Goldman. “Global tree cover loss rose 51 percent in 2016”. World Resources Institute (2017). https://www.wri.org/blog/2017/10/global-tree-cover-loss-rose-51-percent-2016 (accessed on 08-10-2018).
A. Miranda, A. Altamirano, L. Cayuela, A. Lara, M.Gonzalez.“Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence”. Reg. Environ.Change 1,(2017) 285-297.
Ministerio del Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Chile (MMA). “Informe del Estado del Medio Ambiente”(2011).
W. Gómez, H. Salgado, F. Vásquez, C. Chávez.“Using stated preference methods to design cost-effective subsidy programs to induce technology adoption: An application to a stove program in southern Chile”. J. Environ. Manage. 132, (2014) 346-357.
W. Gómez, C.Chávez, H.Salgado, F. Vásquez.“Lessons from a pilot program to induce stove replacements in Chile: design, implementation and evaluation”. Environ. Res. Lett. 12, (2017) 1150011.
Corma. “El “boom” del pellet y su desafío de convertirse en el combustible del futuro” (2016).http://www.corma.cl/corma-al-dia/biobio/el-boom-del-pellet-y-su-desafio-de-convertirse-en-el-combustible-del-futuro(accessed on 12-05-2016).
UDT. “Producción de pellets en Chile y tecnologías de combustión”, (2013). http://www.mma.gob.cl/1304/articles-55266_PresentacionPellets.pdf (accessed on 12-15-2016).
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI): T 264 cm-07. “Preparation of Wood for Chemical Analysis”, (2007).
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI). TAPPI “Test
Methods 2000 – 2001”TAPPI Press. Atlanta, United States, (2000).
EN 15103. “Biocombustibles sólidos. Determinación de la densidad a granel”
EN 14774-2. “Determinación del contenido de humedad. Método de secado en estufa. Parte 2: Humedad total. Método simplificado.”
E. Romero-Uscanga, G. Montero-Alpírez, L. Toscano-Palomar, L. Pérez-Pelayo, R. Torres-Ramos, M.T. Beleno-Cabarcas. “Determinación de los principales componentes de la biomasa lignocelulósica; celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina de la paja de trigo para su posterior pretratamiento biológico”. Conference: XVII Congreso Internacional en Ciencias Agrícolas, Agricultura sustentable: Uso eficiente del agua, suelo y fertilizantes. Mexicali, Baja California, Octubre, (2014)
J. Poletto, C. Da Silva.“Influencia de la separación de residuos sólidos urbanos para reciclaje en el proceso de incineración con generación de energía”. Información tecnológica 20, (2009) 105-112.
M. Puig-Arnavat, L. Shang, Z. Sárossy, J. Ahrenfeldt, U.B. Henriksen.“From a single pellet press to a bench scale pellet mill-Pelletizing six different biomass feedstocks”. Fuel Process. Technol. 142, (2016) 27-33.
A. Demirbaş.“Relationships between lignin contents and heating values of biomass”.Energ. Convers. Manage.42, (2001) 183-188.
S. Gonzalvo, D. Nieves, J.Ly, M. Macías, M. Carón, V. Martínez. “Algunos aspectos del valor nutritivo de alimentos venezolanos destinados a animales monogástricos”. Livestock Res. 13, (2001).
G. Gellerstedt, G. Henriksson.“Lignin: major sources, structure and properties.” Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier, (2008)p. 201-224.
S. Döring. “Biomass types for pellet production. In Power from Pellets”, (2013) p. 13-30. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
UNE-EN 14961-2:2012. “Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use”. https://www.une.org/encuentra-tu-norma/busca-tu-norma/norma/?c=N0049135(accessed on 12-05-2016).
Copyright
La Revista Técnica de la Facultad de Ingeniería declara que los derechos de autor de los trabajos originales publicados, corresponden y son propiedad intelectual de sus autores. Los autores preservan sus derechos de autoría y publicación sin restricciones, según la licencia pública internacional no comercial ShareAlike 4.0