Redes complejas y cooperación gubernamental: cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

• Carlos Redroban-Ortiz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-5323
• Jessica Matute-Petroche https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-3026
• Augusto Pino-Villarroel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-3443
• Josue Cabrera-Ruilova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-8436

Palabras clave: redes complejas, entidades fiscalizadoras superiores, objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, auditorías coordinadas, organismos autónomos

Resumen

Las auditorías coordinadas de las Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores, organismos autónomos que supervisan la gestión financiera estatal y promovidas por la Organización Internacional de Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores, son una herramienta estratégica para evaluar el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Ante la complejidad e interdependencia de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, este estudio aplica la teoría de redes complejas para diseñar un modelo de análisis que revele las arquitecturas de gobernanza. Se recopilaron 123 auditorías cooperativas (2015–2025) de la base a la Organización Internacional de Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores y se construyó una red multicapa con Cytoscape, aplicando métricas de centralidad de grado e intermediación. Los resultados muestran que los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible más evaluados son 1, 6 y 16, con alta participación de Brasil, Ecuador, Chile y México, mientras Portugal presenta el mayor rol de intermediación. Predominan las categorías “Auditoría Medioambiental” y “Rendición de Cuentas de la Gestión Pública”. Se concluye que la metodología de redes complejas es una herramienta sólida que evidencia desigualdades en la cooperación global y la necesidad de fortalecer la fiscalización transnacional.

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