Liderazgo ético, motivación intrínseca y comportamiento creativo en el sector eléctrico colombiano
Palabras clave:
liderazgo ético, motivación intrínseca, comportamiento creativo, sector eléctrico colombiano
Resumen
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar si el liderazgo ético modera la relación causal entre la motivación intrínseca y el comportamiento creativo de los empleados dentro del sector eléctrico colombiano. Se utiliza un diseño cuantitativo-correlacional con una muestra de 448 profesionales, el análisis estadístico se concreta con un proceso condicional de moderación. La motivación intrínseca y el liderazgo ético se relacionan con el comportamiento creativo a través de un patrón curvilíneo. Por lo tanto, la adecuada percepción de estas dos variables determina la dirección de la curva y su influencia, negativa o positiva, sobre el comportamiento creativo. Además, la motivación intrínseca tiene un efecto gradual sobre el comportamiento creativo en función del alcance percibido de liderazgo ético. En conclusión, la interacción frecuente con el líder ético origina estados de ánimo positivos y un fuerte sentimiento de apoyo que liberan al seguidor para ser más creativo. Seguramente, un contexto de confianza, con bajos prejuicios, motiva intrínsecamente al empleado para que su comportamiento extralimite las conductas convencionales.
Citas
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Asif, M., Miao, Q., Jameel, A., Manzoor, F., & Hussain, A. (2022). How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model. Current Psychology, 41(5), 3021–3037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00819-9
Auger, P., & Woodman, R. W. (2016). Creativity and Intrinsic Motivation. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 52(3), 342–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886316656973
Augustyniak, R. A., Ables, A. Z., Guilford, P., Lujan, H. L., Cortright, R. N., & DiCarlo, S. E. (2016). Intrinsic motivation: an overlooked component for student success. Advances in Physiology Education, 40(4), 465–466. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2016
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295–358). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chuang, Y.-T., Chiang, H.-L., Lin, A.-P., & Lien, Y.-C. (2022). Dual crossover mechanisms of benevolent supervision on followers’ contextual performance and emotional exhaustion alleviation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2020-0431
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-Determination Theory in Work Organizations: The State of a Science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
Feng, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., & Han, X. (2018). Just the Right Amount of Ethics Inspires Creativity: A Cross-Level Investigation of Ethical Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation, and Employee Creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(3), 645–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3297-1
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
George, J. M. (2007). Creativity in Organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 1(1), 439–477. https://doi.org/10.5465/078559814
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2001). When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: An interactional approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.513
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hayat Bhatti, M., Akram, U., Hasnat Bhatti, M., Rasool, H., & Su, X. (2020). Unraveling the Effects of Ethical Leadership on Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Well-Being and Social Media in the Hotel Industry. Sustainability, 12(20), 8333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208333
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100
Hussain, K., Abbas, Z., Gulzar, S., Jibril, A. B., & Hussain, A. (2020). Examining the impact of abusive supervision on employees’ psychological wellbeing and turnover intention: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1818998. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1818998
Javed, B., Khan, A. K., Arjoon, S., Mashkoor, M., & Haque, A. ul. (2020a). Openness to Experience, Ethical Leadership, and Innovative Work Behavior. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(1), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.360
Javed, B., Rawwas, M. Y. A., Khandai, S., Shahid, K., & Tayyeb, H. H. (2018b). Ethical leadership, trust in leader and creativity: The mediated mechanism and an interacting effect. Journal of Management & Organization, 24(3), 388–405. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.56
Li, G., Lu, Y., & Eliason, R. G. (2021). How does ethical leadership enhance employee creativity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China? Ethics & Behavior, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1932502
Liu, X., Liao, H., Derfler-Rozin, R., Zheng, X., Wee, E. X. M., & Qiu, F. (2020). In line and out of the box: How ethical leaders help offset the negative effect of morality on creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(12), 1447–1465. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000489
Malik, M. A. R., & Butt, A. N. (2017). Rewards and Creativity: Past, Present, and Future. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 290–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12080
Malik, M. A. R., Choi, J. N., & Butt, A. N. (2019). Distinct effects of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards on radical and incremental creativity: The moderating role of goal orientations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(9–10), 1013–1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2403
Markey, K., Ventura, C. A. A., Donnell, C. O., & Doody, O. (2021). Cultivating ethical leadership in the recovery of COVID‐19. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(2), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13191
McMahon, S. R., & Ford, C. M. (2013). Heuristic Transfer in the Relationship Between Leadership and Employee Creativity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051812465894
Mo, S., Ling, C.-D., & Xie, X.-Y. (2019). The Curvilinear Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Team Creativity: The Moderating Role of Team Faultlines. Journal of Business Ethics, 154(1), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3430-1
Qu, R., Janssen, O., & Shi, K. (2017). Leader–member exchange and follower creativity: the moderating roles of leader and follower expectations for creativity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(4), 603–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1105843
Sánchez Flores, F. A. (2019). Fundamentos Epistémicos de la Investigación Cualitativa y Cuantitativa: Consensos y Disensos. Revista Digital de Investigación En Docencia Universitaria, 101–122. https://doi.org/10.19083/ridu.2019.644
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023a). Curvilinear relationship between ethical leadership and creativity within the Colombian electricity sector. The mediating role of work autonomy, affective commitment, and intrinsic motivation. Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo= Iberoamerican journal of development studies, 12(1), 74-100. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.769
Santiago Torner, C. (2023b). Teleworking and emotional exhaustion in the Colombian electricity sector: The mediating role of affective commitment and the moderating role of creativity. Intangible Capital, 19(2), 207-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.2139
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023c). Clima ético benevolente y comportamiento creativo: el papel moderador secuencial de la autonomía laboral y de la motivación intrínseca en el sector eléctrico colombiano. Contaduría y Administración, 68(2), 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2023.4773
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023d). Ethical Climate and Creativity: The Moderating Role of Work Autonomy and the Mediator Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Cuadernos de Gestión. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.221729cs
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023e). Ethical leadership and creativity in employees with University education: The moderating effect of high intensity telework. Intangible Capital, 19(3), 393-414. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2238
Santiago-Torner, C., & Rojas-Espinosa, S. R. (2021). Pandemia COVID-19 y compromiso laboral: relación dentro de una organización del sector eléctrico colombiano. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 11(3), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v11.n3.2021.13342
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607. https://doi.org/10.5465/256701
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity: Where Should We Go from Here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 933–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007
Sharma, A., Agrawal, R., & Khandelwal, U. (2019). Developing ethical leadership for business organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(6), 712–734. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2018-0367
Siyal, S., Xin, C., Umrani, W. A., Fatima, S., & Pal, D. (2021). How Do Leaders Influence Innovation and Creativity in Employees? The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Administration & Society, 53(9), 1337–1361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399721997427
Spivack, A. J., & Milosevic, I. (2018). Perceived Location Autonomy and Work Environment Choice: The Mediating Influence of Intrinsic Motivation. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(3), 325–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886318764353
Stouten, J., van Dijke, M., & de Cremer, D. (2012). Ethical Leadership. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000059
Tan, C., Lau, X., Kung, Y., & Kailsan, R. A. (2019). Openness to Experience Enhances Creativity: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Creative Process Engagement. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.170
Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52(3), 591–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00173.x
Tu, Y., & Lu, X. (2016). Do Ethical Leaders Give Followers the Confidence to Go the Extra Mile? The Moderating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 135(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2463-6
Van Knippenberg, D., & Hirst, G. (2020). A motivational lens model of person × situation interactions in employee creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(10), 1129–1144. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000486
Wang, J., Kim, H.-R., & Kim, B.-J. (2021). From Ethical Leadership to Team Creativity: The Mediating Role of Shared Leadership and the Moderating Effect of Leader–Member Exchange Differentiation. Sustainability, 13(20), 11280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011280
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118
Asif, M., Miao, Q., Jameel, A., Manzoor, F., & Hussain, A. (2022). How ethical leadership influence employee creativity: A parallel multiple mediation model. Current Psychology, 41(5), 3021–3037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00819-9
Auger, P., & Woodman, R. W. (2016). Creativity and Intrinsic Motivation. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 52(3), 342–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886316656973
Augustyniak, R. A., Ables, A. Z., Guilford, P., Lujan, H. L., Cortright, R. N., & DiCarlo, S. E. (2016). Intrinsic motivation: an overlooked component for student success. Advances in Physiology Education, 40(4), 465–466. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2016
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295–358). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chuang, Y.-T., Chiang, H.-L., Lin, A.-P., & Lien, Y.-C. (2022). Dual crossover mechanisms of benevolent supervision on followers’ contextual performance and emotional exhaustion alleviation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2020-0431
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-Determination Theory in Work Organizations: The State of a Science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
Feng, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., & Han, X. (2018). Just the Right Amount of Ethics Inspires Creativity: A Cross-Level Investigation of Ethical Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation, and Employee Creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(3), 645–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3297-1
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
George, J. M. (2007). Creativity in Organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 1(1), 439–477. https://doi.org/10.5465/078559814
George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2001). When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: An interactional approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.513
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hayat Bhatti, M., Akram, U., Hasnat Bhatti, M., Rasool, H., & Su, X. (2020). Unraveling the Effects of Ethical Leadership on Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Well-Being and Social Media in the Hotel Industry. Sustainability, 12(20), 8333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208333
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100
Hussain, K., Abbas, Z., Gulzar, S., Jibril, A. B., & Hussain, A. (2020). Examining the impact of abusive supervision on employees’ psychological wellbeing and turnover intention: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1818998. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1818998
Javed, B., Khan, A. K., Arjoon, S., Mashkoor, M., & Haque, A. ul. (2020a). Openness to Experience, Ethical Leadership, and Innovative Work Behavior. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(1), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.360
Javed, B., Rawwas, M. Y. A., Khandai, S., Shahid, K., & Tayyeb, H. H. (2018b). Ethical leadership, trust in leader and creativity: The mediated mechanism and an interacting effect. Journal of Management & Organization, 24(3), 388–405. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.56
Li, G., Lu, Y., & Eliason, R. G. (2021). How does ethical leadership enhance employee creativity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China? Ethics & Behavior, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2021.1932502
Liu, X., Liao, H., Derfler-Rozin, R., Zheng, X., Wee, E. X. M., & Qiu, F. (2020). In line and out of the box: How ethical leaders help offset the negative effect of morality on creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(12), 1447–1465. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000489
Malik, M. A. R., & Butt, A. N. (2017). Rewards and Creativity: Past, Present, and Future. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 290–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12080
Malik, M. A. R., Choi, J. N., & Butt, A. N. (2019). Distinct effects of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards on radical and incremental creativity: The moderating role of goal orientations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(9–10), 1013–1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2403
Markey, K., Ventura, C. A. A., Donnell, C. O., & Doody, O. (2021). Cultivating ethical leadership in the recovery of COVID‐19. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(2), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13191
McMahon, S. R., & Ford, C. M. (2013). Heuristic Transfer in the Relationship Between Leadership and Employee Creativity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051812465894
Mo, S., Ling, C.-D., & Xie, X.-Y. (2019). The Curvilinear Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Team Creativity: The Moderating Role of Team Faultlines. Journal of Business Ethics, 154(1), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3430-1
Qu, R., Janssen, O., & Shi, K. (2017). Leader–member exchange and follower creativity: the moderating roles of leader and follower expectations for creativity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(4), 603–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1105843
Sánchez Flores, F. A. (2019). Fundamentos Epistémicos de la Investigación Cualitativa y Cuantitativa: Consensos y Disensos. Revista Digital de Investigación En Docencia Universitaria, 101–122. https://doi.org/10.19083/ridu.2019.644
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023a). Curvilinear relationship between ethical leadership and creativity within the Colombian electricity sector. The mediating role of work autonomy, affective commitment, and intrinsic motivation. Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo= Iberoamerican journal of development studies, 12(1), 74-100. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.769
Santiago Torner, C. (2023b). Teleworking and emotional exhaustion in the Colombian electricity sector: The mediating role of affective commitment and the moderating role of creativity. Intangible Capital, 19(2), 207-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.2139
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023c). Clima ético benevolente y comportamiento creativo: el papel moderador secuencial de la autonomía laboral y de la motivación intrínseca en el sector eléctrico colombiano. Contaduría y Administración, 68(2), 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2023.4773
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023d). Ethical Climate and Creativity: The Moderating Role of Work Autonomy and the Mediator Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Cuadernos de Gestión. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.221729cs
Santiago-Torner, C. (2023e). Ethical leadership and creativity in employees with University education: The moderating effect of high intensity telework. Intangible Capital, 19(3), 393-414. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.2238
Santiago-Torner, C., & Rojas-Espinosa, S. R. (2021). Pandemia COVID-19 y compromiso laboral: relación dentro de una organización del sector eléctrico colombiano. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 11(3), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v11.n3.2021.13342
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607. https://doi.org/10.5465/256701
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity: Where Should We Go from Here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 933–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007
Sharma, A., Agrawal, R., & Khandelwal, U. (2019). Developing ethical leadership for business organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(6), 712–734. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2018-0367
Siyal, S., Xin, C., Umrani, W. A., Fatima, S., & Pal, D. (2021). How Do Leaders Influence Innovation and Creativity in Employees? The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Administration & Society, 53(9), 1337–1361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399721997427
Spivack, A. J., & Milosevic, I. (2018). Perceived Location Autonomy and Work Environment Choice: The Mediating Influence of Intrinsic Motivation. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(3), 325–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886318764353
Stouten, J., van Dijke, M., & de Cremer, D. (2012). Ethical Leadership. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000059
Tan, C., Lau, X., Kung, Y., & Kailsan, R. A. (2019). Openness to Experience Enhances Creativity: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Creative Process Engagement. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 53(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.170
Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52(3), 591–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00173.x
Tu, Y., & Lu, X. (2016). Do Ethical Leaders Give Followers the Confidence to Go the Extra Mile? The Moderating Role of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 135(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2463-6
Van Knippenberg, D., & Hirst, G. (2020). A motivational lens model of person × situation interactions in employee creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(10), 1129–1144. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000486
Wang, J., Kim, H.-R., & Kim, B.-J. (2021). From Ethical Leadership to Team Creativity: The Mediating Role of Shared Leadership and the Moderating Effect of Leader–Member Exchange Differentiation. Sustainability, 13(20), 11280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011280
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118
Publicado
2023-09-21
Cómo citar
Santiago-Torner, C., & Muriel Morales, N. M. (2023). Liderazgo ético, motivación intrínseca y comportamiento creativo en el sector eléctrico colombiano. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 28(104), 1648-1666. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.104.16
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