Gestión de centros de atención primaria de salud: una revisión integradora
Palabras clave:
Gestión en salud, organización y administración, administración de los servicios de salud, acceso universal a los servicios de salud, atención primaria de salud
Resumen
El objetivo fue identificar los resultados de la investigación sobre gestión de centros de atención primaria de salud en la literatura científica, desde 2015 hasta 2020. Se trata de una Revisión Integradora de literatura en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, con los descriptores: Gestión en Salud, Administración de los Servicios de Salud y Atención Primaria de Salud. Fueron incluidos trabajos que tratan del objetivo de esta investigación, publicados de 2015 hasta 2020, en cualquier idioma. Para análisis del material se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido. El corpus del trabajo está formado por 36 artículos. Resultaron siete categorías: caracterización de los profesionales, planeamiento del trabajo, gestión de cambios, gestión basada en el desempeño, democracia institucional, participación y control social, y formación. Se concluye que la literatura seleccionada indica que los encargados de la gestión de esos centros de salud presentan una baja cualificación técnica. A ello se suma una creciente influencia del mercado y del modelo de gestión empresarial sobre la administración de esos servicios, además de los contratos del sector público con proveedores privados que imponen desafíos a la participación social y a la atención de las necesidades locales de salud.
Citas
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• Ballarotti, B., Corneau, F. G., Junqueira, V., & Mendes, Á. (2019). Reflections of physicians on work in the Family Health Strategy under the management of Social Organizations. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 23, e180082. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.180082
• Barbosa, N. C. T., Cordeiro, B. C., Abrahão, A. L., Xavier, M. L., Carvalho, R. S., Silva, R. O. C. da, & Vieira, M. F. (2017). Health Education: the use of SWOT matrix for project analysis. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11(11), 4298–4304. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.23542-49901-1-ED.1111201704
• Bardin, L. (1996). El Análisis de Contenido. Madrid: Akal Universitaria.
• Bellini, M., Pio, D. A. M., Chirelli, M. Q., Bellini, M., Pio, D. A. M., & Chirelli, M. Q. (2016). O apoiador institucional da Atenção Básica: a experiência em um município do interior paulista. Saúde em Debate, 40(108), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104-20161080002
• Borges, F. A., Ogata, M. N., Feliciano, A. B., & Fortuna, C. M. (2016). Management in health: the workers look of a rural family health. Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde, 15(3), 466–473. https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v15i3.31531
• Carrapiço, E. I. do N., Ramires, J. H. V., & Ramos, V. M. B. (2017). Unidades de Saúde Familiar e Clínicas da Família: essência e semelhanças. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(3), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017223.33602016
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• Celedônio, R. M., Fé, M. C. M., Mendes, A. H. L., Mendes, A. H. L., & Chaves, T. L. F. (2017). Management of work in basic health units. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11(supl.1), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.7995-69931-4-SM.1101sup201713
• Clark, K. D., Miller, B. F., Green, L. A., Gruy, F. V., Davis, M., & Cohen, D. J. (2017). Implementation of behavioral health interventions in real world scenarios: Managing complex change. Families, Systems & Health: the Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 35(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000239
• Costa, J. P. da, Costa, A. L. F., & Yamamoto, O. H. (2020). Noções de internacionalização nos debates sobre a pós-graduação em Psicologia. Revista Polis e Psique, 10(1), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.22456/2238-152X.97820
• De Faria, M. A., De Paula, D. M. P., Martins, A. M., Miranda, J. J., Neves-Silva, P., Rodrigues, T., & Modena, C. M. (2015). Política nacional de atenção integral à saúde do homem: percepções de gestores de unidades básicas de saúde de Belo Horizonte-MG. Espaço para a Saúde - Revista de Saúde Pública do Paraná, 16(3), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.22421/1517-7130.2015v16n3p5
• Fernandes, J. A., & Figueiredo, M. D. (2015). Apoio institucional e cogestão: uma reflexão sobre o trabalho dos apoiadores do SUS Campinas. Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, 25(1), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312015000100016
• Giannitrapani, K. F., Rodriguez, H., Huynh, A. K., Hamilton, A. B., Kim, L., Stockdale, S. E., … Rubenstein, L. V. (2019). How middle managers facilitate interdisciplinary primary care team functioning. Healthcare, 7(2), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2018.11.003
• Giovanella, L. (2018). Basic health care or primary health care? Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 34(8), e00029818. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00029818
• Gontijo, T. L., Cavalcante, R. B., Duarte, A. G. S., & Lima, P. K. M. (2017). Administrative functions in the local management of basic health care. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11(12), 4980–4988. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v11i12a22327p4980-4988-2017
• Grant, S., Ring, A., Gabbay, M., Guthrie, B., McLean, G., Mair, F. S., … O’Donnell, C. (2015). Soft governance, restratification and the 2004 general medical services contract: the case of UK primary care organisations and general practice teams. Sociology of Health & Illness, 37(1), 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12175
• Guizardi, F. L., Lemos, A. S. P., Machado, F. R. de S., & Passeri, L. (2018). Apoio institucional na Atenção Básica: análise dos efeitos relatados. Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, 28(4), e280421. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312018280421
• Hone, T., Macinko, J., & Millett, C. (2018). Revisiting Alma-Ata: what is the role of primary health care in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals? Lancet, 392(10156), 1461-1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31829-4
• Javanparast, S., Maddern, J., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Labonté, R., & Sanders, D. (2018). Change management in an environment of ongoing primary health care system reform: a case study of Australian primary health care services. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1), e76–e88. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2413
• Jesus, M. A., & Servo, M. L. S. (2019). Technical context of the manager’s work in primary health care. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 13(3), 614–623. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i3a237206p614-623-2019
• Kearney, L. K., Smith, C. A., & Pomerantz, A. S. (2015). Capturing psychologists’ work in integrated care: measuring and documenting administrative outcomes. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 22(4), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9442-7
• Lima, K. W. S., Antunes, J. L. F., & Silva, Z. P. (2015). Percepção dos gestores sobre o uso de indicadores nos serviços de saúde. Saúde e Sociedade, 24(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902015000100005
• Mabuchi, S., Sesan, T., & Bennett, S. C. (2018). Pathways to high and low performance: factors differentiating primary care facilities under performance-based financing in Nigeria. Health Policy and Planning, 33(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx146
• Mashego, R. H., & Skaal, L. (2016). Knowledge and practices of supervisors on the performance management and development system at rural primary health care facilities in the Limpopo Province. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 8(1), e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1236
• Melo, E. A., Mendonça, M. H. M., Oliveira, J. R., & Andrade, G. C. L. (2018). Mudanças na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica: entre retrocessos e desafios. Saúde em Debate, 42(spe1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042018s103
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
• Moosa, S., Derese, A., & Peersman, W. (2017). Insights of health district managers on the implementation of primary health care outreach teams in Johannesburg, South Africa: a descriptive study with focus group discussions. Human Resources for Health, 15(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-017-0183-6
• Mutter, J. B., Liaw, W., Moore, M. A., Etz, R. S., Howe, A., & Bazemore, A. (2018). Core principles to improve primary care quality management. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 31(6), 931–940. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2018.06.170172
• Nekoei Moghadam, M., Amiresmaili, M., Sadeghi, V., Zeinalzadeh, A.-H., Tupchi, M., & Parva, S. (2018). A qualitative study on human resources for primary health care in Iran. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1), e38–e48. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2405
• Newham, J., Schierhout, G., Bailie, R., & Ward, P. R. (2015). “There’s only one enabler; come up, help us”: staff perspectives of barriers and enablers to continuous quality improvement in Aboriginal primary health-care settings in South Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22(3), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1071/PY14098
• Nunes, L. O., Castanheira, E. R. L., Dias, A., Zarili, T. F. T., Sanine, P. R., Mendonça, C. S., … Nemes, M. I. B. (2018). Importance of local management for delivery of primary health care according to Alma-Ata principles. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 42, e175. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.175
• Paim, J. S. (2018). Thirty years of the Unified Health System (SUS). Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 23(6), 1723–1728. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018236.09172018
• Penedo, R. M., Gonçalo, C. S., & Queluz, D. P. (2019). Gestão compartilhada: percepções de profissionais no contexto de Saúde da Família. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 23, e170451. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.170451
• Pires, D. E. P., Vandresen, L., Forte, E. C. N., Machado, R. R., & Melo, T. A. P. (2019). Management in primary health care: implications on managers workloads. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 40, e20180216. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180216
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• Ballarotti, B., Corneau, F. G., Junqueira, V., & Mendes, Á. (2019). Reflections of physicians on work in the Family Health Strategy under the management of Social Organizations. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 23, e180082. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.180082
• Barbosa, N. C. T., Cordeiro, B. C., Abrahão, A. L., Xavier, M. L., Carvalho, R. S., Silva, R. O. C. da, & Vieira, M. F. (2017). Health Education: the use of SWOT matrix for project analysis. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11(11), 4298–4304. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.23542-49901-1-ED.1111201704
• Bardin, L. (1996). El Análisis de Contenido. Madrid: Akal Universitaria.
• Bellini, M., Pio, D. A. M., Chirelli, M. Q., Bellini, M., Pio, D. A. M., & Chirelli, M. Q. (2016). O apoiador institucional da Atenção Básica: a experiência em um município do interior paulista. Saúde em Debate, 40(108), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104-20161080002
• Borges, F. A., Ogata, M. N., Feliciano, A. B., & Fortuna, C. M. (2016). Management in health: the workers look of a rural family health. Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde, 15(3), 466–473. https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v15i3.31531
• Carrapiço, E. I. do N., Ramires, J. H. V., & Ramos, V. M. B. (2017). Unidades de Saúde Familiar e Clínicas da Família: essência e semelhanças. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(3), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017223.33602016
• Celedón, C., & Noé, M. (2000). Reformas del sector de la salud y participación social. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 8(1-2), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892000000700013
• Celedônio, R. M., Fé, M. C. M., Mendes, A. H. L., Mendes, A. H. L., & Chaves, T. L. F. (2017). Management of work in basic health units. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11(supl.1), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.7995-69931-4-SM.1101sup201713
• Clark, K. D., Miller, B. F., Green, L. A., Gruy, F. V., Davis, M., & Cohen, D. J. (2017). Implementation of behavioral health interventions in real world scenarios: Managing complex change. Families, Systems & Health: the Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 35(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000239
• Costa, J. P. da, Costa, A. L. F., & Yamamoto, O. H. (2020). Noções de internacionalização nos debates sobre a pós-graduação em Psicologia. Revista Polis e Psique, 10(1), 227–245. https://doi.org/10.22456/2238-152X.97820
• De Faria, M. A., De Paula, D. M. P., Martins, A. M., Miranda, J. J., Neves-Silva, P., Rodrigues, T., & Modena, C. M. (2015). Política nacional de atenção integral à saúde do homem: percepções de gestores de unidades básicas de saúde de Belo Horizonte-MG. Espaço para a Saúde - Revista de Saúde Pública do Paraná, 16(3), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.22421/1517-7130.2015v16n3p5
• Fernandes, J. A., & Figueiredo, M. D. (2015). Apoio institucional e cogestão: uma reflexão sobre o trabalho dos apoiadores do SUS Campinas. Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, 25(1), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312015000100016
• Giannitrapani, K. F., Rodriguez, H., Huynh, A. K., Hamilton, A. B., Kim, L., Stockdale, S. E., … Rubenstein, L. V. (2019). How middle managers facilitate interdisciplinary primary care team functioning. Healthcare, 7(2), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2018.11.003
• Giovanella, L. (2018). Basic health care or primary health care? Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 34(8), e00029818. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00029818
• Gontijo, T. L., Cavalcante, R. B., Duarte, A. G. S., & Lima, P. K. M. (2017). Administrative functions in the local management of basic health care. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 11(12), 4980–4988. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v11i12a22327p4980-4988-2017
• Grant, S., Ring, A., Gabbay, M., Guthrie, B., McLean, G., Mair, F. S., … O’Donnell, C. (2015). Soft governance, restratification and the 2004 general medical services contract: the case of UK primary care organisations and general practice teams. Sociology of Health & Illness, 37(1), 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12175
• Guizardi, F. L., Lemos, A. S. P., Machado, F. R. de S., & Passeri, L. (2018). Apoio institucional na Atenção Básica: análise dos efeitos relatados. Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, 28(4), e280421. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-73312018280421
• Hone, T., Macinko, J., & Millett, C. (2018). Revisiting Alma-Ata: what is the role of primary health care in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals? Lancet, 392(10156), 1461-1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31829-4
• Javanparast, S., Maddern, J., Baum, F., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Labonté, R., & Sanders, D. (2018). Change management in an environment of ongoing primary health care system reform: a case study of Australian primary health care services. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1), e76–e88. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2413
• Jesus, M. A., & Servo, M. L. S. (2019). Technical context of the manager’s work in primary health care. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 13(3), 614–623. https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i3a237206p614-623-2019
• Kearney, L. K., Smith, C. A., & Pomerantz, A. S. (2015). Capturing psychologists’ work in integrated care: measuring and documenting administrative outcomes. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 22(4), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9442-7
• Lima, K. W. S., Antunes, J. L. F., & Silva, Z. P. (2015). Percepção dos gestores sobre o uso de indicadores nos serviços de saúde. Saúde e Sociedade, 24(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902015000100005
• Mabuchi, S., Sesan, T., & Bennett, S. C. (2018). Pathways to high and low performance: factors differentiating primary care facilities under performance-based financing in Nigeria. Health Policy and Planning, 33(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx146
• Mashego, R. H., & Skaal, L. (2016). Knowledge and practices of supervisors on the performance management and development system at rural primary health care facilities in the Limpopo Province. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 8(1), e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v8i1.1236
• Melo, E. A., Mendonça, M. H. M., Oliveira, J. R., & Andrade, G. C. L. (2018). Mudanças na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica: entre retrocessos e desafios. Saúde em Debate, 42(spe1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042018s103
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
• Moosa, S., Derese, A., & Peersman, W. (2017). Insights of health district managers on the implementation of primary health care outreach teams in Johannesburg, South Africa: a descriptive study with focus group discussions. Human Resources for Health, 15(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-017-0183-6
• Mutter, J. B., Liaw, W., Moore, M. A., Etz, R. S., Howe, A., & Bazemore, A. (2018). Core principles to improve primary care quality management. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 31(6), 931–940. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2018.06.170172
• Nekoei Moghadam, M., Amiresmaili, M., Sadeghi, V., Zeinalzadeh, A.-H., Tupchi, M., & Parva, S. (2018). A qualitative study on human resources for primary health care in Iran. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33(1), e38–e48. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2405
• Newham, J., Schierhout, G., Bailie, R., & Ward, P. R. (2015). “There’s only one enabler; come up, help us”: staff perspectives of barriers and enablers to continuous quality improvement in Aboriginal primary health-care settings in South Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22(3), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1071/PY14098
• Nunes, L. O., Castanheira, E. R. L., Dias, A., Zarili, T. F. T., Sanine, P. R., Mendonça, C. S., … Nemes, M. I. B. (2018). Importance of local management for delivery of primary health care according to Alma-Ata principles. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 42, e175. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.175
• Paim, J. S. (2018). Thirty years of the Unified Health System (SUS). Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 23(6), 1723–1728. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018236.09172018
• Penedo, R. M., Gonçalo, C. S., & Queluz, D. P. (2019). Gestão compartilhada: percepções de profissionais no contexto de Saúde da Família. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, 23, e170451. https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.170451
• Pires, D. E. P., Vandresen, L., Forte, E. C. N., Machado, R. R., & Melo, T. A. P. (2019). Management in primary health care: implications on managers workloads. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 40, e20180216. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180216
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Publicado
2023-06-14
Cómo citar
Silva, L. B. da, Sousa, M. H. O., & Íñiguez-Rueda, L. (2023). Gestión de centros de atención primaria de salud: una revisión integradora. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 28(103), 1085-1101. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.103.11
Número
Sección
TRIMESTRE
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