Habilidades blandas en los currículos de Educación Superior
Abstract
La relevancia de las habilidades blandas en la educación superior ha cobrado consenso en la academia, resaltando su importancia para el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes y su preparación ante los retos laborales. La finalidad de este estudio es analizar las habilidades blandas en los currículos de instituciones de educación superior. La metodología adoptada se enmarca dentro de un enfoque cualitativo, orientado a la comprensión profunda de las dinámicas asociadas a la integración de habilidades blandas en la educación superior a través de un diseño documental y de un tipo de investigación descriptivo y explicativo. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes destaca la necesidad de implementación de un currículo que promueva el desarrollo escalonado de habilidades blandas que refleja un compromiso con la formación de individuos capaces, no solo de sobresalir académicamente, sino también de liderar, innovar y resolver desafíos en el ámbito profesional. Se concluye que competencias como la comunicación efectiva, el trabajo en equipo, la resolución de problemas, el liderazgo y el pensamiento crítico, son esenciales para la interacción efectiva, la adaptación a mercados laborales cambiantes y el aumento de la empleabilidad y desempeño profesional de los graduados.
Downloads
References
Al-Samarraie, H., y Saeed, N. (2018). A systematic review of cloud computing tools for collaborative learning: Opportunities and challenges to the blended-learning environment. Computers & Education, 124, 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.016
Alt, D., Naamati-Schneider, L., y Weishut, D. J. N. (2023). Competency-based learning and formative assessment feedback as precursors of college students’ soft skills acquisition. Studies in Higher Education, 48(12), 1901-1917. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2217203
Azim, S., Gale, A., Lawlor‐Wright, T., Kirkham, R., Khan, A., y Alam, M. (2010). The importance of soft skills in complex projects. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 3(3), 387-401. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538371011056048
Bellotti, F., Berta, R., De Gloria, A., Lavagnino, E., Antonaci, A., Dagnino, F., Ott, M., Romero, M., Usart, M., y Mayer, I. S. (2014). Serious games and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset in higher education engineering students. Entertainment Computing, 5(4), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2014.07.003
Bezanilla, M. J., Fernández-Nogueira, D., Poblete, M., y Galindo-Domínguez, H. (2019). Methodologies for teaching-learning critical thinking in higher education: The teacher’s view. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33, 100584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100584
Boelt, A. M., Kolmos, A., y Holgaard, J. E. (2022). Literature review of students’ perceptions of generic competence development in problem-based learning in engineering education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 47(6), 1399-1420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2022.2074819
Bowell, T., y Kemp, G. (2005). Critical Thinking: A concise guide. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203482889
Bracho-Fuenmayor, P. L. (2023). Habilidades de liderazgo en tiempos de cambio: Una mirada en las universidades del Zulia-Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(3), 517-530. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i3.40736
Buelow, J. R., McAdams, R., Adams, A., y Rich, L. E. (2010). Interdisciplinary Teamwork: Student differences and teaching implications. American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS), 1(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v1i1.988
Cavanagh, J., Burston, M., Southcombe, A., y Bartram, T. (2015). Contributing to a graduate-centred understanding of work readiness: An exploratory study of Australian undergraduate students’ perceptions of their employability. The International Journal of Management Education, 13(3), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2015.07.002
Cejas, M. F., Mendoza, D. J., Navarro, M., y Morales, J. P. (2021). Pedagogical leadership within the framework of human talent management: A comprehensive approach from the perspective of higher education in Ecuador. Integration of Education, 25(1), 8-21. https://doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.102.025.202101.008-021
Chan, C. K. Y., Fong, E. T. Y., Luk, L. Y. Y., y Ho, R. (2017). A review of literature on challenges in the development and implementation of generic competencies in higher education curriculum. International Journal of Educational Development, 57, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.08.010
Cobo, C. (2013). Skills for innovation: envisioning an education that prepares for the changing world. The Curriculum Journal, 24(1), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2012.744330
Dejica-Cartis, A., y Dejica-Cartis, D. (2013). Tentative Suggestions Regarding the Development of Foreign Language Oral Communication Skills in Students at Universities of Applied Sciences. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 934-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.677
Dell’Aquila, E., Marocco, D., Ponticorvo, M., Di Ferdinando, A., Schembri, M., y Miglino, O. (2017). Educational Games for Soft-Skills Training in Digital Environments. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06311-9_1
Figueiró, P. S., Neutzling, D. M., y Lessa, B. (2022). Education for sustainability in higher education institutions: A multi-perspective proposal with a focus on management education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 339, 130539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130539
Govindasamy, T. (2001). Successful implementation of e-Learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 4(3-4), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(01)00071-9
Hinds, P., Liu, L., y Lyon, J. (2011). Putting the Global in Global Work: An intercultural lens on the practice of cross-national collaboration. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 135-188. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.586108
Huxley-Binns, R., Lawrence, J., y Scott, G. (2023). Competence-Based HE: Future proofing curricula. In E. Sengupta (Ed.), Integrative curricula: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Pedagogy (Innovations in Higher Education Teaching and Learning) (Vol. 50, pp. 131-147). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2055-364120230000050008
Imboden, S. (2014). Effective Leadership. In Y. Motarjemi y H. Lelieveld (Eds.), Food Safety Management: A Practical Guide for the Food Industry (pp. 959-973). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381504-0.00036-6
Jiménez-Bucarey, C., Müller-Pérez, S., Gil, M., y Araya-Castillo, L. (2023). Brechas en percepción de contribución de competencias genéricas entre estudiantes en Chile. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(1), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i1.39758
Kayworth, T. R., y Leidner, D. E. (2002). Leadership Effectiveness in Global Virtual Teams. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(3), 7-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045697
Kennedy, T. J., y Sundberg, C. W. (2020). 21st Century Skills. In B. Akpan y T. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Science Education in Theory and Practice (pp. 479-496). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_32
Kong, S. C. (2014). Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: An experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy. Computers & Education, 78, 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.009
Lamus, T. M., Campuzano-Rodríguez, S. M., Guevara-Sandoya, J. A., Mendoza-Fernández, V. M., Larco, J. M., y Moreira-Choez, J. S. (2023). University teachers’ perceptions of their competencies in online teaching. Migration Letters, 20(10), 690-706. https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/5368
López, M. M., Vegas, H., y Rodríguez, M. (2020). Project-based Learning Strategy: An innovative proposal for local education system. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(1), 1666-1681. https://psychosocial.com/PSY/index.php/ijpr/article/view/388
Martínez, C., y De la Torre, C. (2010). Racial discrimination and citizenship in Ecuador’s educational system. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, 5(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/17442220903506875
Mendivil, P. M., Hernández, C. P., González, E. J., y Herazo, M. I. (2023). Desarrollo de habilidades sociales en estudiantes de práctica profesional de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe, Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIX(E-8), 136-148. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i.40943
Mitsea, E., Drigas, A., y Mantas, P. (2021). Soft skills & metacognition as inclusion amplifiers in the 21st Century. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (IJOE), 17(4), 121-132. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i04.20567
Morales Romo, N., y Morales, B. (2023). Cooperative teaching practices: The experience of multicultural coordination between Spain and Ecuador. Education Sciences, 13(12), 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121231
Moreira-Choez, J. S., Lamus, T. M., Olmedo-Cañarte, P. A., y Macías-Macías, J. D. (2024). Valorando el futuro de la educación: Competencias Digitales y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en Universidades. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 29(105), 271-288. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/41515
Nota, L., Soresi, S., Di Maggio, I., Santilli, S., y Ginevra, M. C. (2020). Sustainable development, career counselling and career education. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60046-4
Palacios, K. E., Zavaleta, J. M., Fuster-Guillén, D., y Rengifo, R. A. (2022). Habilidades interpersonales y engagement laboral del personal policial y militar administrativo en Perú. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(E-5), 302-312. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i.38165
Pinargote-Macías, E. I., Vega, J. O., Moreira, J. S., y Díaz, T. M. (2022). Competencias del docente universitario en tiempos de pandemia. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 27(E-7), 347-359. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.7.23
Pithers, R. T., y Soden, R. (2000). Critical thinking in education: A review. Educational Research, 42(3), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/001318800440579
Poláková, M., Suleimanová, J. H., Madzík, P., Copuš, L., Molnárová, I., y Polednová, J. (2023). Soft skills and their importance in the labour market under the conditions of Industry 5.0. Heliyon, 9(8), e18670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18670
Proctor, T. (2009). Creative Problem Solving for Managers: Developing skills for decision making and innovation. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203859827
Reich, S. M., y Reich, J. A. (2006). Cultural competence in interdisciplinary collaborations: A method for respecting diversity in research partnerships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38(1-2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-006-9064-1
Sá, M. J., y Serpa, S. (2018). Transversal competences: Their importance and learning processes by higher education students. Education Sciences, 8(3), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030126
Sánchez, F., Soler, A., Martín, C., López, D., Ageno, A., Cabré, J., Garcia, J., Aranda, J., y Gibert, K. (2018). Competency maps: An effective model to integrate professional competencies across a STEM curriculum. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 27(5), 448-468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-018-9735-3
Saykili, A. (2019). Higher education in the digital age: The impact of digital connective technologies. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.516971
Serrão, R., Tintoré, M., Cabral, I., y Matias, J. (2020). Portuguese principals’ professional development needs and preferred learning methods. Education Sciences, 10(9), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090219
Star, C., y Hammer, S. (2008). Teaching generic skills: eroding the higher purpose of universities, or an opportunity for renewal? Oxford Review of Education, 34(2), 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980701672232
Sundström, P., y Zika-Viktorsson, A. (2009). Organizing for innovation in a product development project. International Journal of Project Management, 27(8), 745-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2009.02.007
Suyansah, Q., Gabda, D., Jawing, E., Kamlun, K., Tibok, R. P., Wendy, H., y Xe, W. N. Y. (2023). Students’ academic performance and soft skills on graduate employability among students in Universiti Malaysia Sabah. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2500(1), 020038. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0111263
Tedesco, J. C., Opertti, R., y Amadio, M. (2014). The curriculum debate: Why it is important today. Prospects, 44(4), 527-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-014-9326-x
Thompson, M. A., Owen, S., Lindsay, J. M., Leonard, G. S., y Cronin, S. J. (2017). Scientist and stakeholder perspectives of transdisciplinary research: Early attitudes, expectations, and tensions. Environmental Science & Policy, 74, 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.04.006
Tomlinson, M. (2007). Graduate employability and student attitudes and orientations to the labour market. Journal of Education and Work, 20(4), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080701650164
Treffinger, D. J., Isaksen, S. G., y Stead-Dorval, K. B. (2023). Creative Problem Solving: An introduction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003419327
Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Van Dijk, J. A. G. M., y De Haan, J. (2017). The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 577-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010
Vogler, J. S., Thompson, P., Davis, D. W., Mayfield, B. E., Finley, P. M., y Yasseri, D. (2018). The hard work of soft skills: Augmenting the project-based learning experience with interdisciplinary teamwork. Instructional Science, 46(3), 457-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-017-9438-9
Wentzel, K. R., y Watkins, D. E. (2002). Peer relationships and collaborative learning as contexts for academic enablers. School Psychology Review, 31(3), 366-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2002.12086161
Wright, C., Ritter, L. J., y Wisse, C. (2022). Cultivating a collaborative culture for ensuring sustainable development goals in higher education: An integrative case study. Sustainability, 14(3), 1273. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031273
Zepke, N., y Leach, L. (2010). Beyond hard outcomes: ‘Soft’ outcomes and engagement as student success. Teaching in Higher Education, 15(6), 661-673. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2010.522084
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.