Administración de conocimiento y redes sociales: Análisis en pequeñas empresas ecuatorianas
Abstract
La construcción de redes sociales permite revisar y evaluar los flujos de ideas, determinar los problemas existentes en el intercambio de conocimiento e implementar cambios para promover y mejorar la colaboración en las organizaciones. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las redes sociales que se forman en organizaciones ecuatorianas, particularmente pequeñas, para influir en la efectividad de la transmisión de información, transferencia de conocimiento y, finalmente, en el desempeño organizacional. Se seleccionaron cuatro pequeñas empresas a través de un muestreo por juicio, y con la utilización del software Gephi para el estudio de redes sociales. Los resultados defienden la aplicación de redes sociales en el contexto de las organizaciones para permitir identificar las falencias y apuntar a mejoras por parte de la administración. Se concluye la utilidad de las redes sociales para descubrir el flujo de ideas, experiencias y conocimiento entre los miembros de las organizaciones estudiadas y su impacto en el desempeño de las mismas, destacando la necesidad de ampliar la aplicación de técnicas, como el análisis de redes sociales, al estudio de la gestión del conocimiento en las organizaciones, para contribuir a proporcionar más rigor científico a este campo.
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References
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Cabeza-Pullés, D., Fernández-Pérez, V., y Roldán-Bravo, M. I. (2020). Internal networking and innovation ambidexterity: The mediating role of knowledge management processes in university research. European Management Journal, 38(3), 450-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.12.008
Camacho, R., Rivas, C., Gaspar, M., y Quiñonez, C. (2020). Innovación y tecnología educativa en el contexto actual latinoamericano. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(E-2), 460-472. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i0.34139
Cerchione, R., y Esposito, E. (2017). Using knowledge management systems: A taxonomy of SME strategies. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1, Part B), 1551-1562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.007
Cetto, A., Klier, M., Richter, A., y Zolitschka, J. F. (2018). “Thanks for sharing”—Identifying users’ roles based on knowledge contribution in Enterprise Social Networks. Computer Networks, 135, 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.02.012
Chaparro, J. E., Rincón, I. C., Lizarazo, G., y Palacio, J. F. (2019). La gestión de resultados en la gerencia moderna. En V. Meriño, E. Martínez, A. Pérez, A. Z. Antúnez, H.Urzola e I. C. Rincón (Coords.), Gestión del conocimiento: Perspectiva multidisciplinaria, Volúmen 14 (pp. 219-236). Fondo Editorial Universitario de la Universidad Nacional Experimental del Sur del Lago Jesús María Semprúm.
Cyr, S., y Wei Choo, C. (2010). The individual and social dynamics of knowledge sharing: an exploratory study. Journal of Documentation, 66(6), 824-846. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220411011087832
Davel, R., Du Toit, A. S. A., y Mearns, M. M. (2017). Understanding knowledge networks through social network analysis. International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM), 13(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKM.2017040101
Desmarchelier, B., Djellal, F., y Gallouj, F. (2020). Mapping social innovation networks: Knowledge intensive social services as systems builders. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 157, 120068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120068
Emerson, R. W. (2015). Convenience sampling, random sampling, and snowball sampling: How does sampling affect the validity of research? Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 109(2), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1510900215
Engelbrecht, A., Gerlach, J. P., Benlian, A., y Buxmann, P. (2019). How employees gain meta-knowledge using enterprise social networks: A validation and extension of communication visibility theory. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(3), 292-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.04.001
Escorcia, J., y Barros, D. (2020). Gestión del conocimiento en Instituciones de Educación Superior: Caracterización desde una reflexión teórica. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(3), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i3.33235
Esteves, R., y Geisler, G. (2019). Social networks in economic history: Opportunities and challenges. Explorations in Economic History, 74, 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2019.101299
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., y Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Gill, C., Metz, I., Tekleab, A. G., y Williamson, I. O. (2020). The combined role of conscientiousness, social networks, and gender diversity in explaining individual performance in self-managed teams. Journal of Business Research, 106, 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.09.003
Gill, S. L. (2020). Qualitative sampling methods. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(4), 579-581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420949218
Guofeng, M., Jianyao, J., Shan, J., y Zhijiang, W. (2020). Incentives and contract design for knowledge sharing in construction joint ventures. Automation in Construction, 119, 103343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103343
Han, J., Teng, X., y Cai, X. (2019). A novel network optimization partner selection method based on collaborative and knowledge networks. Information Sciences, 484, 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.01.072
Jafari, P., Mohamed, E., Lee, S., y Abourizk, S. (2020). Social network analysis of change management processes for communication assessment. Automation in Construction, 118, 103292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103292
Jiang, G., y Xu, Y. (2020). Tacit knowledge sharing in IT R&D teams: Nonlinear evolutionary theoretical perspective. Information & Management, 57(4), 103211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103211
Kwahk, K-Y., y Park, D-H. (2016). The effects of network sharing on knowledge-sharing activities and job performance in enterprise social media environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part B), 826-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.044
Leon, R-D., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, R., Gómez-Gasquet, P., y Mula, J. (2017). Social network analysis: A tool for evaluating and predicting future knowledge flows from an insurance organization. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.032
Maghssudipour, A., Lazzeretti, L., y Capone, F. (2020). The role of multiple ties in knowledge networks: Complementarity in the Montefalco wine cluster. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 667-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.021
Mäntymäki, M., y Riemer, K. (2016). Enterprise social networking: A knowledge management perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 36(6, Part A), 1042-1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.06.009
Medina-Nogueira, Y. E., Assafiri-Ojeda, Y. E., Nogueira-Rivera, D., Medina-León, A., y Medina-Nogueira, D. (2020). Procedimiento de análisis redes sociales: Herramienta de auditoría de gestión del conocimiento. Ingeniería Industrial, XLI(1), 1-13.
Melão, N., y Reis, J. (2020). Selecting talent using social networks: A mixed-methods study. Heliyon, 6(4), e03723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03723
Mourtzis, D., Xanthi, F., Chariatidis, K., y Zogopoulos, V. (2019). Enabling knowledge transfer through analytics in industrial social networks. Procedia CIRP, 81, 1242-1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.301
Narváez, M., y Villalobos, K. (2020). Perfil social business para el marketing de empresas turísticas de Paraguaná, Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31325
Nonaka, I., y Von Krogh, G. (2009). Tacit knowledge and knowledge conversion: Controversy and advancement in organizational knowledge creation theory. Organization Science, 20(3), 635-652. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0412
Pinochet, G., Mariño, J. P., y Ramírez, V. (2020). Explicitación del conocimiento en pequeñas y medianas empresas. Un análisis desde la perspectiva de redes sociales. Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa, 29, 302-318. https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.3578
Pinzón, S. Y., Maldonado, G., y Marín, J. T. (2019). Orientación de la gestión del conocimiento y rendimiento en las pequeñas y medianas empresas mexicanas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(1), 21-35.
Poleacovschi, C., Javernick-Will, A., y Tong, T. (2017). The link between knowledge sharing connections and employee time savings: A social network analysis. Construction Management and Economics, 35(8-9), 455-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2017.1287414
Sakalaki, M., y Sotiriou, P. (2012). Pro-Self-Orientation and preference for deceitful strategies: Social value orientation, dispositional and behavioral correlates of economic opportunism. Studia Psychologica, 54(2), 157-165.
Tu, J. (2020). The role of dyadic social capital in enhancing collaborative knowledge creation. Journal of Informetrics, 14(2), 101034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2020.101034
Yamkovenko, B., y Tavares, S. (july 19, 2017). To understand whether your company is inclusive, map how your employees interact. Harvad Business Review. https://hbr.org/2017/07/to-understand-whether-your-company-is-inclusive-map-how-your-employees-interact
Yin, C., Gu, H., y Zhang, S. (2020). Measuring technological collaborations on carbon capture and storage based on patents: A social network analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 122867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122867
Zhang, Z., Song, F., y Song, Z. (2020). Promoting knowledge sharing in the workplace: Punishment v. reward. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 131, 109518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2019.109518
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., y Jacomy, M. (17-20 may, 2009). Gephi: An open source software for exploring and manipulating networks [Sesión de conferencia]. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, ICWSM, San Jose, California, USA.
Behfar, S. K. (2020). Importance of social networks for knowledge sharing and the impact of collaboration on network innovation in online communities. In A. G. Hessami (Ed.), Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems. (pp. 70-85). London: IntechOpen.
Cabeza-Pullés, D., Fernández-Pérez, V., y Roldán-Bravo, M. I. (2020). Internal networking and innovation ambidexterity: The mediating role of knowledge management processes in university research. European Management Journal, 38(3), 450-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.12.008
Camacho, R., Rivas, C., Gaspar, M., y Quiñonez, C. (2020). Innovación y tecnología educativa en el contexto actual latinoamericano. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(E-2), 460-472. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i0.34139
Cerchione, R., y Esposito, E. (2017). Using knowledge management systems: A taxonomy of SME strategies. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1, Part B), 1551-1562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.007
Cetto, A., Klier, M., Richter, A., y Zolitschka, J. F. (2018). “Thanks for sharing”—Identifying users’ roles based on knowledge contribution in Enterprise Social Networks. Computer Networks, 135, 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.02.012
Chaparro, J. E., Rincón, I. C., Lizarazo, G., y Palacio, J. F. (2019). La gestión de resultados en la gerencia moderna. En V. Meriño, E. Martínez, A. Pérez, A. Z. Antúnez, H.Urzola e I. C. Rincón (Coords.), Gestión del conocimiento: Perspectiva multidisciplinaria, Volúmen 14 (pp. 219-236). Fondo Editorial Universitario de la Universidad Nacional Experimental del Sur del Lago Jesús María Semprúm.
Cyr, S., y Wei Choo, C. (2010). The individual and social dynamics of knowledge sharing: an exploratory study. Journal of Documentation, 66(6), 824-846. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220411011087832
Davel, R., Du Toit, A. S. A., y Mearns, M. M. (2017). Understanding knowledge networks through social network analysis. International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM), 13(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKM.2017040101
Desmarchelier, B., Djellal, F., y Gallouj, F. (2020). Mapping social innovation networks: Knowledge intensive social services as systems builders. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 157, 120068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120068
Emerson, R. W. (2015). Convenience sampling, random sampling, and snowball sampling: How does sampling affect the validity of research? Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 109(2), 164-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1510900215
Engelbrecht, A., Gerlach, J. P., Benlian, A., y Buxmann, P. (2019). How employees gain meta-knowledge using enterprise social networks: A validation and extension of communication visibility theory. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(3), 292-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.04.001
Escorcia, J., y Barros, D. (2020). Gestión del conocimiento en Instituciones de Educación Superior: Caracterización desde una reflexión teórica. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(3), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i3.33235
Esteves, R., y Geisler, G. (2019). Social networks in economic history: Opportunities and challenges. Explorations in Economic History, 74, 101299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2019.101299
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., y Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Gill, C., Metz, I., Tekleab, A. G., y Williamson, I. O. (2020). The combined role of conscientiousness, social networks, and gender diversity in explaining individual performance in self-managed teams. Journal of Business Research, 106, 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.09.003
Gill, S. L. (2020). Qualitative sampling methods. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(4), 579-581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420949218
Guofeng, M., Jianyao, J., Shan, J., y Zhijiang, W. (2020). Incentives and contract design for knowledge sharing in construction joint ventures. Automation in Construction, 119, 103343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103343
Han, J., Teng, X., y Cai, X. (2019). A novel network optimization partner selection method based on collaborative and knowledge networks. Information Sciences, 484, 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.01.072
Jafari, P., Mohamed, E., Lee, S., y Abourizk, S. (2020). Social network analysis of change management processes for communication assessment. Automation in Construction, 118, 103292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103292
Jiang, G., y Xu, Y. (2020). Tacit knowledge sharing in IT R&D teams: Nonlinear evolutionary theoretical perspective. Information & Management, 57(4), 103211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103211
Kwahk, K-Y., y Park, D-H. (2016). The effects of network sharing on knowledge-sharing activities and job performance in enterprise social media environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part B), 826-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.044
Leon, R-D., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, R., Gómez-Gasquet, P., y Mula, J. (2017). Social network analysis: A tool for evaluating and predicting future knowledge flows from an insurance organization. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.032
Maghssudipour, A., Lazzeretti, L., y Capone, F. (2020). The role of multiple ties in knowledge networks: Complementarity in the Montefalco wine cluster. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 667-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.021
Mäntymäki, M., y Riemer, K. (2016). Enterprise social networking: A knowledge management perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 36(6, Part A), 1042-1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.06.009
Medina-Nogueira, Y. E., Assafiri-Ojeda, Y. E., Nogueira-Rivera, D., Medina-León, A., y Medina-Nogueira, D. (2020). Procedimiento de análisis redes sociales: Herramienta de auditoría de gestión del conocimiento. Ingeniería Industrial, XLI(1), 1-13.
Melão, N., y Reis, J. (2020). Selecting talent using social networks: A mixed-methods study. Heliyon, 6(4), e03723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03723
Mourtzis, D., Xanthi, F., Chariatidis, K., y Zogopoulos, V. (2019). Enabling knowledge transfer through analytics in industrial social networks. Procedia CIRP, 81, 1242-1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.301
Narváez, M., y Villalobos, K. (2020). Perfil social business para el marketing de empresas turísticas de Paraguaná, Venezuela. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31325
Nonaka, I., y Von Krogh, G. (2009). Tacit knowledge and knowledge conversion: Controversy and advancement in organizational knowledge creation theory. Organization Science, 20(3), 635-652. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0412
Pinochet, G., Mariño, J. P., y Ramírez, V. (2020). Explicitación del conocimiento en pequeñas y medianas empresas. Un análisis desde la perspectiva de redes sociales. Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa, 29, 302-318. https://doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.3578
Pinzón, S. Y., Maldonado, G., y Marín, J. T. (2019). Orientación de la gestión del conocimiento y rendimiento en las pequeñas y medianas empresas mexicanas. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(1), 21-35.
Poleacovschi, C., Javernick-Will, A., y Tong, T. (2017). The link between knowledge sharing connections and employee time savings: A social network analysis. Construction Management and Economics, 35(8-9), 455-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2017.1287414
Sakalaki, M., y Sotiriou, P. (2012). Pro-Self-Orientation and preference for deceitful strategies: Social value orientation, dispositional and behavioral correlates of economic opportunism. Studia Psychologica, 54(2), 157-165.
Tu, J. (2020). The role of dyadic social capital in enhancing collaborative knowledge creation. Journal of Informetrics, 14(2), 101034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2020.101034
Yamkovenko, B., y Tavares, S. (july 19, 2017). To understand whether your company is inclusive, map how your employees interact. Harvad Business Review. https://hbr.org/2017/07/to-understand-whether-your-company-is-inclusive-map-how-your-employees-interact
Yin, C., Gu, H., y Zhang, S. (2020). Measuring technological collaborations on carbon capture and storage based on patents: A social network analysis approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 122867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122867
Zhang, Z., Song, F., y Song, Z. (2020). Promoting knowledge sharing in the workplace: Punishment v. reward. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 131, 109518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2019.109518
Published
2021-11-02
How to Cite
García-Vidal, G., Guzmán-Vilar, L., & Martínez-Vivar, R. (2021). Administración de conocimiento y redes sociales: Análisis en pequeñas empresas ecuatorianas. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 27, 213-229. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i.37003
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