Relación entre inversiones, margen bancario y utilidades en Ecuador: Implicaciones para la gestión financiera
Palabras clave:
Inversiones, sector bancario, beneficios antes de impuestos, títulos de deuda, carteras de créditos
Resumen
Este estudio analiza la relación entre las inversiones en títulos valores de deuda pública y privada, los márgenes de intermediación crediticia y las utilidades antes de impuestos en 20 de los bancos más rentables del sector bancario ecuatoriano, desde 2012 a 2022. La investigación es descriptiva y correlacional. Como resultado se encontró una relación positiva entre las inversiones en títulos valores (públicos y privados), y las utilidades antes de impuestos y entre este último parámetro y el tamaño de la cartera de créditos. Se destaca la gestión efectiva de las inversiones en la rentabilidad bancaria y la relevancia de la intermediación crediticia para obtener beneficios. Se observaron altas utilidades antes de impuestos incluso cuando las inversiones o carteras de créditos son moderadas, sugiriendo que la eficiencia operativa y los costos administrativos también influyen en el rendimiento financiero de los bancos. Se resalta la importancia de diversificar las inversiones y las carteras de créditos para mitigar riesgos y equilibrar ingresos y utilidades en diversas áreas de negocio. Se recomienda monitorear el rendimiento de las inversiones, realizar análisis de riesgo exhaustivos, establecer políticas de inversión y créditos claras, capacitar al personal financiero, y revisar y adaptar estrategias según las condiciones del mercado.
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Ahmar, A. S., Singh, P. K., Van Thanh, N., Viet, N., Hieu, V. M. (2021). Prediction of BRIC stock price using ARIMA, SutteARIMA, and Holt-Winters. Computers, Materials & Continua, 70(1), 523-534. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.017068
Ahmed, S., Majeed, M. E., Thalassinos, E., y Thalassinos, Y. (2021). The impact of bank specific and macro-economic factors on non-performing loans in the banking sector: Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(5), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050217
Álvarez-Gamboa, J., Cabrera-Barona, P., y Jácome-Estrella, H. (2023). Territorial inequalities in financial inclusion: A comparative study between private banks and credit unions. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 87(Part-A), 101561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101561
Anzules-Falcones, W., y Novillo-Villegas, S. (2023). Innovation capacity, entrepreneurial orientation, and flexibility: An analysis from industrial SMEs in Ecuador. Sustainability, 15(13), 10321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310321
Bacuilima, E., Morocho, J., Aguirre, J., Coronel-Pangol, K., y Mora, P. (2023). Financing Ecuadorian social enterprises: What is the role of impact investment? Sustainability, 15(14), 11210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411210
Baesens, B., Rösch, D., y Scheule, H. (2016). Credit risk analytics: Measurement techniques, applications, and examples in SAS. Wiley.
Bairagi, V., y Munot, M. V. (Eds.) (2019). Research Methodology: A practical and scientific approach. CRC Press.
Bernanke, B. S. (2023). Nobel lecture: Banking, credit, and economic fluctuations. American Economic Review, 113(5), 1143-1169. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.113.5.1143
Bertoni, F., Colombo, M. G., y Quas, A. (2023). The long-term effects of loan guarantees on SME performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 80, 102408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2023.102408
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Cvetkoska, V., y Fotova, K. (2021). Efficiency analysis of Macedonian and Croatian banking sectors with DEA. Economy, Business & Development: An International Journal, 2(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.47063/ebd.00003
Eriotis, N., Kollias, K., y Kounadeas, T. (2021). Has the composition of the Greek banking sector investment portfolio contributed to the Greek economy financial crisis? International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting, 8(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcfa.2021070101
European Central Bank - ECB (2015). Survey on the access to finance of enterprise in the euro area: April to September 2015. European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/accesstofinancesofenterprises/pdf/accesstofinancesmallmediumsizedenterprises201512.en.pdf
Feijó-Cuenca, N., Ceular-Villamandos, N., y Navajas-Romero, V. (2023). Behavioral patterns that influence the financing choice models of Small Enterprises in Ecuador through latent class analysis. Sustainability, 15(8), 6790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086790
Friedman, M., y Schwartz, A. J. (2008). A monetary history of the United States 1867-1970. Princeton University Press.
Gujarati, D. N., y Porter, D. C. (2010). Econometría. McGraw-Hill/ Interamericana Editores S.A. de C.V.
Gur, N., Babacan, M., Aysan, A. F., y Suleyman, S. (2023). Firm size and financing behavior during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from SMEs in Istanbul. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(4), 804-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2023.02.001
He, Z., y Hu, Y. (2023). Banks and financial crises: contributions of Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig*. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 125(3), 553-583. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12535
Johnson, R. A., y Wichern, D. W. (2023). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Pearson Modern Classic.
Khatib, S. F. A., Hendrawaty, E., Bazhair, A. H., Abu, I. A., y Al Amosh, H. (2022). Financial inclusion and the performance of banking sector in Palestine. Economies, 10(10), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100247
Lee, J., Kim, K., y Oh, J. (2022). Build-Transfer-Operate with risk sharing approach for railway public-private-partnership project in Korea. Asian Transport Studies, 8, 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eastsj.2022.100061
Macleod, A. (12 de Noviembre de 2019). La quiebra monetaria mundial se está volviendo inevitable. Diario Nueva Visión. https://www.diarionuevavision.com/economia/la-quiebra-monetaria-mundial-se-esta-volviendo-inevitable/
Malkiel, B. G. (2019). A random walk down wall street: The Time-Tested Strategy for Successful Investing. W. W. Norton & Company.
Martínez-Malvar, M., y Baselga-Pascual, L. (2020). Bank Risk Determinants in Latin America. Risk, 8(3), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks8030094
Maxin, P. S. (1999). Quantitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press.
Mejía-Escobar, J. C., González-Ruiz, J. D., y Duque-Grisales, E. (2020). Sustainable financial products in the Latin America banking industry: Current status and insights. Sustainability, 12(14), 5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145648
Mirza, N., Afzal, A., Umar, M., y Skare, M. (2023). The impact of green lending on banking performance: Evidence from SME credit portfolios in the BRIC. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 843-850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.024
Mpofu, O., y Sibindi, A. B. (2022). Informal finance: A boon or bane for African SMEs? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(6), 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15060270
Páez, P., Jaramillo, Ó., y Ramírez, R. (2021). Concentración y tasas de Interés en el sistema financiero ecuatoriano. Revista Economía, 73(117), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.29166/economia.v73i117.2629
Pang, S., Hou, X., y Xia, L. (2021). Borrowers' credit quality scoring model and applications, with default discriminant analysis based on the extreme learning machine. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 165, 120462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120462
Proaño-Rivera, B., y Feria-Dominguez, J. (2024). Are Ecuadorian banks enough technically efficient for growth? A clinical study. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 29(2), 2011-2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2775
Rahman, H.-U., Waqas, M., y Tabassum, N. (2020). Bank-Specific and macroeconomic determinants of profitability: A revisit of Pakistani Banking Sector under dynamic panel data approach. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(3), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8030042
Romero, J., Gutiérrez, J. M., Barrios, J. R., y Núñez, O. A. (2022). Financiamiento de micro y pequeñas empresas familiares del sector confección de Barranquilla – Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(4), 230-244. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39127
Superintendencia de Bancos (2023). Sistema financiero público y privado. Estadisticas. https://www.superbancos.gob.ec/estadisticas/portalestudios/sistema-financiero-publico-y-privado/
Tuğsal, Ö. (2023). Does Islamic banking reduce the risks of COVID-19 for SMEs? Novel evidence for SME financing in the pandemic period for an emerging market. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 91, 103664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103664
Urdaneta, A. J., Borgucci, E. V., González, A. I., y Luciani, L. R. (2021). Función empresarial y concentración de pequeñas y medianas empresas en la Provincia de El Oro – Ecuador. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(95), 776-801. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.95.21
Urdaneta, A. J., Urbina, Á., Delgado, R. M., y Borgucci, E. V. (2022). Libertad económica, emprendimiento, competitividad y crecimiento económico. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(4), 430-447. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39140
Zhavoronok, A., Shchur, R., Zhezherun, Y., Sadchykova, I., Viadrova, N., y Tychkovska, L. (2022). The role of the credit services market in ensuring stability of the banking system. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 12(6), 667-679. http://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120602
Acosta, G. R. (2019). Responsabilidad social empresarial: inclusión financiera en el sistema bancario privado ecuatoriano. Visión del Futuro, 23(1), 115-137. https://revistacientifica.fce.unam.edu.ar/index.php/visiondefuturo/article/view/302
Adil, F., y Jalil, A. (2020). Determining the financial inclusion output of banking sector of Pakistan—supply-side analysis. Economies, 8(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8020042
Ahmar, A. S., Singh, P. K., Van Thanh, N., Viet, N., Hieu, V. M. (2021). Prediction of BRIC stock price using ARIMA, SutteARIMA, and Holt-Winters. Computers, Materials & Continua, 70(1), 523-534. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2022.017068
Ahmed, S., Majeed, M. E., Thalassinos, E., y Thalassinos, Y. (2021). The impact of bank specific and macro-economic factors on non-performing loans in the banking sector: Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(5), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050217
Álvarez-Gamboa, J., Cabrera-Barona, P., y Jácome-Estrella, H. (2023). Territorial inequalities in financial inclusion: A comparative study between private banks and credit unions. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 87(Part-A), 101561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101561
Anzules-Falcones, W., y Novillo-Villegas, S. (2023). Innovation capacity, entrepreneurial orientation, and flexibility: An analysis from industrial SMEs in Ecuador. Sustainability, 15(13), 10321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310321
Bacuilima, E., Morocho, J., Aguirre, J., Coronel-Pangol, K., y Mora, P. (2023). Financing Ecuadorian social enterprises: What is the role of impact investment? Sustainability, 15(14), 11210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411210
Baesens, B., Rösch, D., y Scheule, H. (2016). Credit risk analytics: Measurement techniques, applications, and examples in SAS. Wiley.
Bairagi, V., y Munot, M. V. (Eds.) (2019). Research Methodology: A practical and scientific approach. CRC Press.
Bernanke, B. S. (2023). Nobel lecture: Banking, credit, and economic fluctuations. American Economic Review, 113(5), 1143-1169. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.113.5.1143
Bertoni, F., Colombo, M. G., y Quas, A. (2023). The long-term effects of loan guarantees on SME performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 80, 102408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2023.102408
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Cvetkoska, V., y Fotova, K. (2021). Efficiency analysis of Macedonian and Croatian banking sectors with DEA. Economy, Business & Development: An International Journal, 2(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.47063/ebd.00003
Eriotis, N., Kollias, K., y Kounadeas, T. (2021). Has the composition of the Greek banking sector investment portfolio contributed to the Greek economy financial crisis? International Journal of Corporate Finance and Accounting, 8(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcfa.2021070101
European Central Bank - ECB (2015). Survey on the access to finance of enterprise in the euro area: April to September 2015. European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/accesstofinancesofenterprises/pdf/accesstofinancesmallmediumsizedenterprises201512.en.pdf
Feijó-Cuenca, N., Ceular-Villamandos, N., y Navajas-Romero, V. (2023). Behavioral patterns that influence the financing choice models of Small Enterprises in Ecuador through latent class analysis. Sustainability, 15(8), 6790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086790
Friedman, M., y Schwartz, A. J. (2008). A monetary history of the United States 1867-1970. Princeton University Press.
Gujarati, D. N., y Porter, D. C. (2010). Econometría. McGraw-Hill/ Interamericana Editores S.A. de C.V.
Gur, N., Babacan, M., Aysan, A. F., y Suleyman, S. (2023). Firm size and financing behavior during COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from SMEs in Istanbul. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(4), 804-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2023.02.001
He, Z., y Hu, Y. (2023). Banks and financial crises: contributions of Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig*. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 125(3), 553-583. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12535
Johnson, R. A., y Wichern, D. W. (2023). Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Pearson Modern Classic.
Khatib, S. F. A., Hendrawaty, E., Bazhair, A. H., Abu, I. A., y Al Amosh, H. (2022). Financial inclusion and the performance of banking sector in Palestine. Economies, 10(10), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100247
Lee, J., Kim, K., y Oh, J. (2022). Build-Transfer-Operate with risk sharing approach for railway public-private-partnership project in Korea. Asian Transport Studies, 8, 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eastsj.2022.100061
Macleod, A. (12 de Noviembre de 2019). La quiebra monetaria mundial se está volviendo inevitable. Diario Nueva Visión. https://www.diarionuevavision.com/economia/la-quiebra-monetaria-mundial-se-esta-volviendo-inevitable/
Malkiel, B. G. (2019). A random walk down wall street: The Time-Tested Strategy for Successful Investing. W. W. Norton & Company.
Martínez-Malvar, M., y Baselga-Pascual, L. (2020). Bank Risk Determinants in Latin America. Risk, 8(3), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks8030094
Maxin, P. S. (1999). Quantitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press.
Mejía-Escobar, J. C., González-Ruiz, J. D., y Duque-Grisales, E. (2020). Sustainable financial products in the Latin America banking industry: Current status and insights. Sustainability, 12(14), 5648. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145648
Mirza, N., Afzal, A., Umar, M., y Skare, M. (2023). The impact of green lending on banking performance: Evidence from SME credit portfolios in the BRIC. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 843-850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.024
Mpofu, O., y Sibindi, A. B. (2022). Informal finance: A boon or bane for African SMEs? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(6), 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15060270
Páez, P., Jaramillo, Ó., y Ramírez, R. (2021). Concentración y tasas de Interés en el sistema financiero ecuatoriano. Revista Economía, 73(117), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.29166/economia.v73i117.2629
Pang, S., Hou, X., y Xia, L. (2021). Borrowers' credit quality scoring model and applications, with default discriminant analysis based on the extreme learning machine. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 165, 120462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120462
Proaño-Rivera, B., y Feria-Dominguez, J. (2024). Are Ecuadorian banks enough technically efficient for growth? A clinical study. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 29(2), 2011-2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2775
Rahman, H.-U., Waqas, M., y Tabassum, N. (2020). Bank-Specific and macroeconomic determinants of profitability: A revisit of Pakistani Banking Sector under dynamic panel data approach. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(3), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8030042
Romero, J., Gutiérrez, J. M., Barrios, J. R., y Núñez, O. A. (2022). Financiamiento de micro y pequeñas empresas familiares del sector confección de Barranquilla – Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(4), 230-244. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39127
Superintendencia de Bancos (2023). Sistema financiero público y privado. Estadisticas. https://www.superbancos.gob.ec/estadisticas/portalestudios/sistema-financiero-publico-y-privado/
Tuğsal, Ö. (2023). Does Islamic banking reduce the risks of COVID-19 for SMEs? Novel evidence for SME financing in the pandemic period for an emerging market. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 91, 103664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103664
Urdaneta, A. J., Borgucci, E. V., González, A. I., y Luciani, L. R. (2021). Función empresarial y concentración de pequeñas y medianas empresas en la Provincia de El Oro – Ecuador. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 26(95), 776-801. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.95.21
Urdaneta, A. J., Urbina, Á., Delgado, R. M., y Borgucci, E. V. (2022). Libertad económica, emprendimiento, competitividad y crecimiento económico. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(4), 430-447. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39140
Zhavoronok, A., Shchur, R., Zhezherun, Y., Sadchykova, I., Viadrova, N., y Tychkovska, L. (2022). The role of the credit services market in ensuring stability of the banking system. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 12(6), 667-679. http://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120602
Publicado
2025-02-07
Cómo citar
Burgo Bencomo, O. B., Urdaneta Montiel, A. J., Zambrano Morales, Ángel A., & Urbina Chirinos, A. A. (2025). Relación entre inversiones, margen bancario y utilidades en Ecuador: Implicaciones para la gestión financiera. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 31(1), 280-297. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i1.43507
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