Autopercepción de maloclusiones: Referencia de estados mentales en estudiantes universitarios
Palabras clave:
Autopercepción, maloclusiones, estudiantes universitarios, ortodoncia, estados mentales
Resumen
El estudio examinó la autopercepción de maloclusiones entre estudiantes universitarios en una universidad del nor-oriente peruano durante el 2023, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra consistió en 1.879 participantes, evaluados mediante dimensión estética del índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóntico. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los estudiantes percibieron sus maloclusiones como leves; mientras que un porcentaje menor presentó percepciones moderadas o severas. No obstante, no se detectaron disparidades estadísticamente relevantes en la autopercepción según la carrera, género, edad o ciclo académico. Esta investigación sugiere que la autopercepción de maloclusiones en estudiantes universitarios es predominantemente leve y no se ve influida de manera significativa por factores demográficos o académicos, aunque es importante destacar que la autopercepción de maloclusiones no siempre coincide con la evaluación clínica. Se concluye que es crucial considerar tanto las implicaciones clínicas como las sociales de estos hallazgos, evidenciando que la autopercepción de maloclusiones es un fenómeno universal entre los estudiantes universitarios, independientemente de su perfil demográfico.
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Albakri, F. M., Ingle, N., y Assery, M. K. (2018). Prevalence of malocclusion among male school children in Riyadh city. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(7), 1296-1299. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.207
Alharbi, F. (2020). The prevalence of malocclusion traits in Saudi Arabia 2015–2019: An epidemiological cross sectional study. Journal of International Oral Health: JIOH, 12(2), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_200_19
Alves, L., Mesaros, A., Ponces, M. J., y Figueiredo, M. C. (2020). Aesthetic evaluation of the need for orthodontic treatment – Perception among university students. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.22.20244806
Ando, K., Giorgianni, F. E., Danthinne, E. S., y Rodgers, R. F. (2021). Beauty ideals, social media, and body positivity: A qualitative investigation of influences on body image among young women in Japan. Body Image, 38, 358-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.05.001
Banu, A., Șerban, C., Pricop, M., Urechescu, H., y Vlaicu, B. (2018). Dental health between self-perception, clinical evaluation and body image dissatisfaction – A cross-sectional study in mixed dentition pre-pubertal children. BMC Oral Health, 18(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0542-2
Barreda, M. A., y Saavedra, A. M. (2022). Relación entre impacto psicosocial de estética dental y maloclusiones en adolescentes atendidos en un centro odontológico, Pátapo, 2021 [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad César Vallejo]. https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/90981
Bellot-Arcis, C., Montiel-Company, J.-M., Pinho, T., y Almerich-Silla, J.-M. (2015). Relationship between perception of malocclusion and the psychological impact of dental aesthetics in university students. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 7(1), e18-e22. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.52157
Brouns, V. E. H. W., De Waal, A.-L. M. L., Bronkhorst, E. M., Kuijpers-Jagtman, A. M., y Ongkosuwito, E. M. (2022). Oral health-related quality of life before, during, and after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 26(3), 2223-2235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04288-7
Castro, L. K., García, C. H., y López, R. E. (2020). Exclusión social, inclusión política y autoestima de jóvenes en pobreza, Monterrey, México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31309
Coronel, F. T., Aguirre-Aguilar, A. A., Ríos-Caro, T. E., y Aguirre-Aguilar, A. A. (2022). Gestión y necesidad de tratamientos ortodóntico en adolescentes de Chachapoyas-Perú. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(4), 484-495. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39143
Coronel, F. T., y Farje, C. A. (2020). Percepción social para reinserción de privados de libertad en Perú: Efecto del edentulismo. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(2), 236-249. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rcs/article/view/32437
Dimberg, L., Arnrup, K., y Bondemark, L. (2015). The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: A systematic review of quantitative studies. European Journal of Orthodontics, 37(3), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cju046
Do Amaral, B. A., Gondim, A. C., Da Silva-Neto, J. P., y Costa, K. (2020). Relationship between normative and self-perceived criteria for orthodontic treatment need and satisfaction with esthetics and mastication in adolescents. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 157(1), 42-48.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.01.025
Evans, R., y Shaw, W. (1987). Preliminary evaluation of an illustrated scale for rating dental attractiveness. European Journal of Orthodontics, 9(4), 314-318. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/9.4.314
Fatani, N. H., Ba Hammam, M., Oraif, H., Taher, S., Taju, W., y Bukhari, O. (2019). The prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(5), 856-861. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.188
Feria, H., Matilla, M., y Mantecón, S. (2020). La entrevista y la encuesta: ¿Métodos o técnicas de indagación empírica? Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación, 11(3), 62-79. https://revistas.ult.edu.cu/index.php/didascalia/article/view/992
Fındık, Y., Büyükçavuş, M. H., Koçer, G., Yazıcı, T., y Baykul, T. (2022). Comparison of psychosocial and aesthetic features of class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery: Conventional approach versus surgery-first approach. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 123(4), e153-e158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2021.09.016
Flores-Mir, C., Major, P. W., y Salazar, F. R. (2004). Self-perceived orthodontic treatment need evaluated through 3 scales in a university population. Journal of Orthodontics, 31(4), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1179/146531204225020644
Gálvez, J., Salinas, K., Eguez, A., y Huilcapi, J. (2020). Maloclusión Clase I de Angle: Definición, clasificación, características y tratamientos. Revista Científica Universidad Odontológica Dominicana, 8(2). https://revistacientificauod.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/revision-4-galvez-salinas-eguez-huilcapi.pdf
Geron, S. y Atalia, W. (2005). Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival and incisal plane inclination. The Angle Orthodontist, 75(5), 778-784. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16283815/
Gudipaneni, R. K., Aldahmeshi, R. F., Patil, S. R., y Alam, M. K. (2018). The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: An epidemiological study. BMC Oral Health, 18(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0476-8
Hernández-Sampieri, R., y Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. McGraw-Hill Education.
Isiekwe, G. I., y Aikins, E. A. (2019). Self-perception of dental appearance and aesthetics in a student population. International Orthodontics, 17(3), 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2019.06.010
Kragt, L., Dhamo, B., Wolvius, E. B., y Ongkosuwito, E. M. (2016). The impact of malocclusions on oral health-related quality of life in children—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 20(8), 1881-1894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1681-3
Kuhlman, D. C., Aráujo, T., Belchior, C., Capelli, J. (2016). Esthetic perception of orthodontic appliances by Brazilian children and adolescents. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 21(5), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.058-066.oar
Lin, F., Ye, Y., Ye, S., Wang, L., Du, W., Yao, L., y Guo, J. (2018). Effect of personality on oral health–related quality of life in undergraduates. The Angle Orthodontist, 88(2), 215-220. https://doi.org/10.2319/051017-322.1
Llanos, M. G. (2019). Percepciones de los hijos únicos sobre sus vivencias en la interacción universitaria. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(E-1), 400-414. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v25i1.29630
López, A., y Ramos, G. (2021). Acerca de los métodos teóricos y empíricos de investigación: Significación para la investigación educativa. Revista Conrado, 17(S-3), 22-31. https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/2133/2079
Martín, D., Solano, M., Serrano, J. F., y Medina, M. (2021). Hábitos de consumo de moda a través de influencers en la Generación Z. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(3), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i3.36756
Mercuri, E., Cassetta, M., Cavallini, C., Vicari, D., Leonardi, R., y Barbato, E. (2013). Dental anomalies and clinical features in patients with maxillary canine impaction. The Angle Orthodontist, 83(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.2319/021712-149.1
Miranda, F., Massaro, C., Janson, G., De Freitas, M. R., Castanha, J. F., Pereira, J. R., y Garib, D. (2019). Aging of the normal occlusion. European Journal of Orthodontics, 41(2), 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy044
Narangerel, G., Cheng, H.-C., Sainbayar, B., y Ganburged, G. (2021). Perception of and attitudes on malocclusion: A literature review. Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics, 33(3), 2. https://doi.org/10.38209/2708-2636.1102
Perillo, L., Esposito, M., Caprioglio, A., Attanasio, S., Chiara, A., y Carotenuto, M. (2014). Orthodontic treatment need for adolescents in the Campania region: the malocclusion impact on self-concept. Patient Preference and Adherence, 8, 353-359. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s58971
Romero, K., Cayo, C., y Cervantes, L. (2018). Apreciación de la estética dental e impacto psicosocial asociados a la presencia de alteraciones cromáticas y de oclusión en jóvenes estudiantes de ciencias de la salud, Lima - 2017. Kiru, 15(1), 26-35. https://portalrevistas.aulavirtualusmp.pe/index.php/Rev-Kiru0/article/view/1419
Schroeder, E. K. (2020). Self-esteem, self-perception of malocclusion, and motivation to seek orthodontic treatment [Master's Thesis, University of British Columbia]. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0390007
Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., y Duffy, A. L. (2022). How is trait self-compassion used during appearance-related distress by late adolescents and emerging adults with positive or negative body image? A qualitative study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 37(6), 805-840. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211011471
Sinclair, P. M., y Little, R. M. (1983). Maturation of untreated normal occlusions. American Journal of Orthodontics, 83(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9416(83)90296-8
Siti, F., Tan, B. S., y Mathew, T. (2015). Impacto estético dental de la maloclusión y necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia basado en la autopercepción en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Internacional de Ciencia e Investigación Dental, 2(2–3), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdsr.2015.04.005
Suárez, X. E. (2018). Autopercepción de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad de Cuenca]. http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/31690
Taghavi, J., Huggare, J., y Akrami, N. (2019). Distinguishing between global and dental self-esteem in evaluating malocclusions. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 77(6), 452-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2019.1588371
Taibah, S. M., y Al-Hummayani, F. M. (2017). Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents. Journal of Orthodontic Science, 6(4), 123. https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_16_17
Tessarollo, F. R., Feldens, C. A., y Closs, L. Q. (2012). The impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ dissatisfaction with dental appearance and oral functions. The Angle Orthodontist, 82(3), 403-409. https://meridian.allenpress.com/angle-orthodontist/article/82/3/403/58890/The-impact-of-malocclusion-on-adolescents
Twigge, E., Roberts, R. M., Jamieson, L., Dreyer, C. W., y Sampson, W. J. (2016). The psycho-social impact of malocclusions and treatment expectations of adolescent orthodontic patients. European Journal of Orthodontics, 38(6), 593-601. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjv093
Wang, T., Li, H., Xia, W., He, F., y Guo, Y. (2023). Orthodontic retreatment need and related self-perceived factors among contemporary college freshmen in China. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 47(2), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.22514/jocpd.2023.013
Xu, Q., Du, W., y Lin, F. (2023). What impact do personality traits have on self-perception of dental aesthetics? Head & Face Medicine, 19(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13005-023-00358-1
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Alharbi, F. (2020). The prevalence of malocclusion traits in Saudi Arabia 2015–2019: An epidemiological cross sectional study. Journal of International Oral Health: JIOH, 12(2), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_200_19
Alves, L., Mesaros, A., Ponces, M. J., y Figueiredo, M. C. (2020). Aesthetic evaluation of the need for orthodontic treatment – Perception among university students. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.22.20244806
Ando, K., Giorgianni, F. E., Danthinne, E. S., y Rodgers, R. F. (2021). Beauty ideals, social media, and body positivity: A qualitative investigation of influences on body image among young women in Japan. Body Image, 38, 358-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.05.001
Banu, A., Șerban, C., Pricop, M., Urechescu, H., y Vlaicu, B. (2018). Dental health between self-perception, clinical evaluation and body image dissatisfaction – A cross-sectional study in mixed dentition pre-pubertal children. BMC Oral Health, 18(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0542-2
Barreda, M. A., y Saavedra, A. M. (2022). Relación entre impacto psicosocial de estética dental y maloclusiones en adolescentes atendidos en un centro odontológico, Pátapo, 2021 [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad César Vallejo]. https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/90981
Bellot-Arcis, C., Montiel-Company, J.-M., Pinho, T., y Almerich-Silla, J.-M. (2015). Relationship between perception of malocclusion and the psychological impact of dental aesthetics in university students. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 7(1), e18-e22. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.52157
Brouns, V. E. H. W., De Waal, A.-L. M. L., Bronkhorst, E. M., Kuijpers-Jagtman, A. M., y Ongkosuwito, E. M. (2022). Oral health-related quality of life before, during, and after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 26(3), 2223-2235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04288-7
Castro, L. K., García, C. H., y López, R. E. (2020). Exclusión social, inclusión política y autoestima de jóvenes en pobreza, Monterrey, México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i1.31309
Coronel, F. T., Aguirre-Aguilar, A. A., Ríos-Caro, T. E., y Aguirre-Aguilar, A. A. (2022). Gestión y necesidad de tratamientos ortodóntico en adolescentes de Chachapoyas-Perú. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVIII(4), 484-495. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i4.39143
Coronel, F. T., y Farje, C. A. (2020). Percepción social para reinserción de privados de libertad en Perú: Efecto del edentulismo. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(2), 236-249. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rcs/article/view/32437
Dimberg, L., Arnrup, K., y Bondemark, L. (2015). The impact of malocclusion on the quality of life among children and adolescents: A systematic review of quantitative studies. European Journal of Orthodontics, 37(3), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cju046
Do Amaral, B. A., Gondim, A. C., Da Silva-Neto, J. P., y Costa, K. (2020). Relationship between normative and self-perceived criteria for orthodontic treatment need and satisfaction with esthetics and mastication in adolescents. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 157(1), 42-48.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.01.025
Evans, R., y Shaw, W. (1987). Preliminary evaluation of an illustrated scale for rating dental attractiveness. European Journal of Orthodontics, 9(4), 314-318. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/9.4.314
Fatani, N. H., Ba Hammam, M., Oraif, H., Taher, S., Taju, W., y Bukhari, O. (2019). The prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(5), 856-861. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.188
Feria, H., Matilla, M., y Mantecón, S. (2020). La entrevista y la encuesta: ¿Métodos o técnicas de indagación empírica? Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación, 11(3), 62-79. https://revistas.ult.edu.cu/index.php/didascalia/article/view/992
Fındık, Y., Büyükçavuş, M. H., Koçer, G., Yazıcı, T., y Baykul, T. (2022). Comparison of psychosocial and aesthetic features of class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery: Conventional approach versus surgery-first approach. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 123(4), e153-e158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2021.09.016
Flores-Mir, C., Major, P. W., y Salazar, F. R. (2004). Self-perceived orthodontic treatment need evaluated through 3 scales in a university population. Journal of Orthodontics, 31(4), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1179/146531204225020644
Gálvez, J., Salinas, K., Eguez, A., y Huilcapi, J. (2020). Maloclusión Clase I de Angle: Definición, clasificación, características y tratamientos. Revista Científica Universidad Odontológica Dominicana, 8(2). https://revistacientificauod.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/revision-4-galvez-salinas-eguez-huilcapi.pdf
Geron, S. y Atalia, W. (2005). Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival and incisal plane inclination. The Angle Orthodontist, 75(5), 778-784. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16283815/
Gudipaneni, R. K., Aldahmeshi, R. F., Patil, S. R., y Alam, M. K. (2018). The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: An epidemiological study. BMC Oral Health, 18(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0476-8
Hernández-Sampieri, R., y Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. McGraw-Hill Education.
Isiekwe, G. I., y Aikins, E. A. (2019). Self-perception of dental appearance and aesthetics in a student population. International Orthodontics, 17(3), 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2019.06.010
Kragt, L., Dhamo, B., Wolvius, E. B., y Ongkosuwito, E. M. (2016). The impact of malocclusions on oral health-related quality of life in children—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations, 20(8), 1881-1894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1681-3
Kuhlman, D. C., Aráujo, T., Belchior, C., Capelli, J. (2016). Esthetic perception of orthodontic appliances by Brazilian children and adolescents. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 21(5), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.058-066.oar
Lin, F., Ye, Y., Ye, S., Wang, L., Du, W., Yao, L., y Guo, J. (2018). Effect of personality on oral health–related quality of life in undergraduates. The Angle Orthodontist, 88(2), 215-220. https://doi.org/10.2319/051017-322.1
Llanos, M. G. (2019). Percepciones de los hijos únicos sobre sus vivencias en la interacción universitaria. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXV(E-1), 400-414. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v25i1.29630
López, A., y Ramos, G. (2021). Acerca de los métodos teóricos y empíricos de investigación: Significación para la investigación educativa. Revista Conrado, 17(S-3), 22-31. https://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado/article/view/2133/2079
Martín, D., Solano, M., Serrano, J. F., y Medina, M. (2021). Hábitos de consumo de moda a través de influencers en la Generación Z. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(3), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i3.36756
Mercuri, E., Cassetta, M., Cavallini, C., Vicari, D., Leonardi, R., y Barbato, E. (2013). Dental anomalies and clinical features in patients with maxillary canine impaction. The Angle Orthodontist, 83(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.2319/021712-149.1
Miranda, F., Massaro, C., Janson, G., De Freitas, M. R., Castanha, J. F., Pereira, J. R., y Garib, D. (2019). Aging of the normal occlusion. European Journal of Orthodontics, 41(2), 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy044
Narangerel, G., Cheng, H.-C., Sainbayar, B., y Ganburged, G. (2021). Perception of and attitudes on malocclusion: A literature review. Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics, 33(3), 2. https://doi.org/10.38209/2708-2636.1102
Perillo, L., Esposito, M., Caprioglio, A., Attanasio, S., Chiara, A., y Carotenuto, M. (2014). Orthodontic treatment need for adolescents in the Campania region: the malocclusion impact on self-concept. Patient Preference and Adherence, 8, 353-359. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s58971
Romero, K., Cayo, C., y Cervantes, L. (2018). Apreciación de la estética dental e impacto psicosocial asociados a la presencia de alteraciones cromáticas y de oclusión en jóvenes estudiantes de ciencias de la salud, Lima - 2017. Kiru, 15(1), 26-35. https://portalrevistas.aulavirtualusmp.pe/index.php/Rev-Kiru0/article/view/1419
Schroeder, E. K. (2020). Self-esteem, self-perception of malocclusion, and motivation to seek orthodontic treatment [Master's Thesis, University of British Columbia]. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0390007
Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., y Duffy, A. L. (2022). How is trait self-compassion used during appearance-related distress by late adolescents and emerging adults with positive or negative body image? A qualitative study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 37(6), 805-840. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211011471
Sinclair, P. M., y Little, R. M. (1983). Maturation of untreated normal occlusions. American Journal of Orthodontics, 83(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9416(83)90296-8
Siti, F., Tan, B. S., y Mathew, T. (2015). Impacto estético dental de la maloclusión y necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia basado en la autopercepción en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Internacional de Ciencia e Investigación Dental, 2(2–3), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdsr.2015.04.005
Suárez, X. E. (2018). Autopercepción de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad de Cuenca]. http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/31690
Taghavi, J., Huggare, J., y Akrami, N. (2019). Distinguishing between global and dental self-esteem in evaluating malocclusions. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 77(6), 452-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2019.1588371
Taibah, S. M., y Al-Hummayani, F. M. (2017). Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents. Journal of Orthodontic Science, 6(4), 123. https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_16_17
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Publicado
2024-06-21
Cómo citar
Chenta-Irigoin, E., Jiménez Torres, E. A., Farje-Gallardo, C. A., & Coronel-Zubiate, F. T. (2024). Autopercepción de maloclusiones: Referencia de estados mentales en estudiantes universitarios. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 30, 217-228. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v30i.42259
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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