Técnicas y métodos de innovación tecnológica en las pequeñas y medianas empresas

• Karla Rodríguez-Burgos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-8146
• Carlos F. Miranda-Medina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-4321

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i4.41241

Palabras clave: Análisis de contenido, enfoque metodológico, innovación tecnológica, pyme, análisis de redes

Resumen

Se realizó una investigación de artículos científicos sobre innovación en las pequeñas y medianas empresas a nivel global, planteando como objetivo determinar las técnicas, enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos aplicados en los estudios de estas empresas publicados en Scopus en el periodo de 1999 al 2019, además a través del análisis de redes sociales se identificaron las tendencias en el periodo 2020-2022. Para esto se realizó un análisis de contenido de 62 artículos en revistas Scopus entre 1999 y 2019, así como el análisis de redes de 1.091 artículos que abordan innovación en las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Los resultados muestran que la investigación en el primer periodo se realiza mayoritariamente a través de estudios cuantitativos siendo las técnicas más utilizadas los cuestionarios, seguidos de los modelos econométricos. En cuanto al análisis de redes se identifica que las tendencias del último periodo son la innovación del modelo de negocio, economía circular, innovación verde, Covid-19, manufactura, innovación tecnológica, transformación digital y Vietnam. Como conclusión se destaca que la investigación de innovación tecnológica es de carácter aplicada y que este tipo de empresas tuvieron relevancia en la pandemia viéndose obligadas a la reestructuración y cambio de modelos productivos incorporando la transformación digital.

Citas

Aiello, F., Albanese, G., y Piselli, P. (2019). Good value for public money? The case of R&D policy. Journal of Policy Modeling, 41(6), 1057-1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2019.02.006

Albornoz, M. (2009). Indicadores de innovación las dificultades de un concepto en evolución. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, 5(13), 9-25. http://www.revistacts.net/contenido/numero-13/indicadores-de-innovacion-las-dificultades-de-un-concepto-en-evolucion/

Andrés-Sánchez, J., Musiello-Neto, F., Rua, O. L., y Arias-Oliva, M. (2022). Configurational analysis of inbound and outbound innovation impact on competitive advantage in the SMEs of the Portuguese hospitality sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4), 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040205

Benato, A., Stoppato, A., Schiro, F., y Mirandola, A. (2018). Improving the energetic efficiency of wine cooperatives using their vine shoots. In J. C. Teixeira (ed.), ECOS 2018 - Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. University of Minho.

Bi, K.-X., Sun, J.-H., Zhang, T.-Z., y Feng, Y.-J. (2005). Measurement and evaluation of regional technological innovation in small and medium enterprises based on fuzzy integral. System Engineering Theory and Practice, 25(2), 40-46. https://sysengi.cjoe.ac.cn/EN/10.12011/1000-6788(2005)2-40

Broccardo, L., Culasso, F., y Truant, E. (2019). Business process and innovation management: The situation of SMEs in Italy. Global Business and Economics Review, 21(2), 232-245. https://doi.org/10.1504/gber.2019.098085

Caird, S. (1992). Problems with the identification of enterprise competencies and the implications for assessment and development. Management Education & Development, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/135050769202300110

Campo-Ternera, L., Amar-Sepúlveda, P., Olivero, E., y Huguett, S. (2018). Emprendimiento e innovación como motor del desarrollo sostenible: Estudio bibliométrico (2006 - 2016). Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIV(4), 26-37.

Cao, W. (2010). Research on financing strategy and financial support pattern for small and medium size enterprise innovation. International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2010, Wuhan, China, 2010, pp. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMSS.2010.5575475

Chen, F. T. T. (2010). A perception-based model for technological innovation in small and medium enterprises. 18th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2010, 33. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2010/33

Chen, J., Yu, X., Li, W., y Fu, X. (2008). Critical factors for innovation performance in innovation networks. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Singapore, 2008, pp. 1684-1688. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2008.4738159

Chen, J., Yu, X., Xu, Q., y Fu, X. (2008). Innovation competence building of China's high-tech SMEs based on TIM: Two case studies. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, ICMIT, Bangkok, 2008, 842-847. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMIT.2008.4654476

Choi, B., Lee, J.-N., y Ham, J. (2016). Assessing the impact of open and closed knowledge sourcing approach on innovation in small and medium enterprises. Procedia Computer Science, 91, 314-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.085

Choi, Y.-J., y Kim, W.-K. (2019). Strategies for continuous transactions with customers for B2B software retailers: Case study. Journal of Distribution Science, 16(12), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.16.12.201812.81

Cloutier, A., y Amara, N. (2018). Determinants of propensity vs. intensity of innovation co-operation for SMEs. International Journal of Innovation Management, 22(5), 1840004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919618400042

Dong, B. (2010). Research on the independent innovation and motivation mechanism of SMEs in China. International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2010, Wuhan, China, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMSS.2010.5575550

Doran, J., Mccarthy, N., y O'connor, M. (2019). The importance of internal knowledge generation and external knowledge sourcing for sme innovation and performance: Evidence from Ireland. International Journal of Innovation Management, 23(7), 1950069. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919619500695

Ehrenberger, M., Koudelková, P., y Strielkowski, W. (2015). Factors influencing innovation in small and medium enterprises in the Czech Republic. Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences, 23(2), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPso.7737

El Badawy, T. A., Chinta, R., y Magdy, M. M. (2017). 'Collectivism' and 'assertiveness' as determinants of innovation in small and medium enterprises in Egypt. International Journal of Business Environment, 9(2), 138-151. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBE.2017.085350

Expósito, A., Fernández-Serrano, J., y Liñán, F. (2019). The impact of open innovation on SMEs’ innovation outcomes: New empirical evidence from a multidimensional approach. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32(5), 558-577. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-09-2018-0253

Forero-Pineda, C., Corredor, S., y Forero, N. (2010). Business networks and innovation in SMEs and large firms of a developing country. 5th IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, ICMIT2010, Singapur, 836-840. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMIT.2010.5492797

Gharakhani, D., Sinaki, M. T., Dobakhshari, M. A., y Rahmati, H. (2013). The relationship of customer orientation, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and innovation in small and medium enterprises. Life Science Journal, 10(6), 684-689. http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1006s/107_17544life1006s_684_689.pdf

Grimaldi, M., Quinto, I., y Rippa, P. (2013). Enabling open innovation in small and medium enterprises: A dynamic capabilities approach. Knowledge and Process Management, 20(4), 199-210. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1423

Gupta, H., y Barua, M. K. (2018). Modelling cause and effect relationship among enablers of innovation in SMEs. Benchmarking, 25(5), 1597-1622. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2017-0050

Ham, J., Choi, B., y Lee, J.-N. (2017). Open and closed knowledge sourcing Their effect on innovation performance in small and medium enterprises. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 117(6), 1166-1184. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2016-0338

Hassan, N., y Raziq, A. (2019). Effects of knowledge management practices on innovation in SMEs. Management Science Letters. 9(7), 997-1008. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.4.005

Hermawati, A., Anam, C., Suwarta, S., y Puspitosarie, E. (2022). Reconstruction of spiritual marketing, culture of innovation, quality of work life, and retainers for tourism industry SMEs in East Java. Administrative Sciences, 12(4), 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040152

Issau, K., Acquah, I. S. K., Gnankob, R. I., y Hamidu, Z. (2022). Innovation orientation and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) in Ghana: evidence from manufacturing sector. Innovation & Management Review, 19(4), 290-305. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-07-2020-0092

Jingwen, Y., Rahman, A. A., y Tong, T. (2022). Research on the Impact of BMI on Enterprise Performance Based on the Antecedence of Risk Perception. Sustainability, 14(23), 15844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315844

Kadriu, A., Krasniqi, B. A., y Boari, C. (2019). The impact of institutions on SMEs' innovation in transition economies. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 23(4), 399-424. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIM.2019.10021654

Korab, V., y Koudelkova, P. (2016). What determines innovation in small and medium enteprises? A case study from the Czech Republic. Transformations in Business and Economics, 15(2), 78-88. http://www.transformations.knf.vu.lt/38/article/what

Lee, J., Rosdi, I., y Wai, C. (2017). A framework for knowledge-driven innovation in small and medium enterprises. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ICIE 2017, 69-77.

Lesáková, L. (2009). Innovations in small and medium enterprises in Slovakia. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 6(3), 23-34.

Maldonado-Guzmán, G., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Pinzón-Castro, S. Y., y Kumar, V. (2019). Innovation capabilities and performance: Are they truly linked in SMEs? International Journal of Innovation Science, 11(1), 48-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-12-2017-0139

Mancusi, M. L., Vezzulli, A., Frazzoni, S., Rotondi, Z., y Sobrero, M. (2018). Export and Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises: The Role of Concentrated Bank Borrowing. Economica, 85(337), 177-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12252

Manyati, T. K., y Mutsau, M. (2019). Exploring technological adaptation in the informal economy: A case study of innovations in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 11(2), 253-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2018.1552650

Medina, C., y Espinosa, M. T. (2022). La innovación en las organizaciones modernas. Revista Gestión y Estrategia, (5), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/gye/1994N05/Medina

Mei, L., Zhang, T., y Chen, J. (2019). Exploring the effects of inter-firm linkages on SMEs' open innovation from an ecosystem perspective: An empirical study of Chinese manufacturing SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 118-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.04.010

Noci, G., y Verganti, R. (1999). Managing 'green' product innovation in small firms. R & D Management, 29(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00112

Odriozola-Fernández, I., Berbegal-Mirabent, J., y Merigó-Lindahl, J. M. (2019). Open innovation in small and medium enterprises: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 13(3), 329-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-12-2017-0491

Okumu, I. M., y Buyinza, F. (2018). Labour productivity among small- and medium-scale enterprises in Uganda: The role of innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 7, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-018-0095-2

Olivero, E., Barrios, K., y Acosta-Prado, J. C. (comps.) (2017). Perspectivas empresariales e inclusivas del emprendimiento. Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar.

Papa, A., Santoro, G., Tirabeni, L., y Monge, F. (2018). Social media as tool for facilitating knowledge creation and innovation in small and medium enterprises. Baltic Journal of Management, 13(3), 329-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-04-2017-0125

Pechlivanidis, P. G. (1993). Promoting the innovation activity of SMEs; the Greek experience. Creativity and Innovation Management, 2(3), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.1993.tb00097.x

Pereira, A., Tabajara, C., Ostuni, F., Rodríguez-Patón, A., y Neiva, M. A. (2015). Proposta de modelo para avaliação e supervisão de gestão da inovação tecnológica em pequenas e médias organizações. Revista Espacios, 36(20), 8. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a15v36n20/15362008.html

Pertuz, V. P., Boscan, N. C., Straccia, D. C., y Pérez, A. B. (2016). Actividades de innovación en servicios en las pequeñas y medianas comerciales del sector textil de Valledupar, Colombia. Revista Espacios, 37(6), 25. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a16v37n06/16370625.html

Peters, B., Dachs, B., Hud, M., y Köhler, C. (2022). Employment and innovation in recessions: Firm-level evidence from European Countries. Industrial and Corporate Change, 31(6), 1460-1493. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac040

Písař, P., y Kupec, V. (2019). Innovative controlling and audit-opportunities for SMEs. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(3), 184-195. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.15

Prasanthi, K., y Sundari, D. (2016). A study on research and development as a determinant factor for innovation in small and medium enterprise's (SME's). International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(14), 953-963. https://serialsjournals.com/abstract/65486_ch_37_-_rampd.pdf

Rahman, H. (2016a). Open innovation in small and medium enterprises: Perspectives of developing and transitional economies. In H. Rahman (Ed.), Human development and interaction in the age of ubiquitous technology (pp. 250-272). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0556-3.ch011

Rahman, H. (2016b). Research dimensions of open innovation in small and medium enterprises. In H. Rahman (Ed.), Human Development and Interaction in the Age of Ubiquitous Technology (pp. 198-226). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0556-3.ch009

Rasheed, M. A., Shahzad, K., Conroy, C., Nadeem, S., y Siddique, M. (2017). Exploring the role of employee voice between high-performance work system and organizational innovation in small and medium enterprises. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(4), 670-688. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-11-2016-0185

Rastrollo-Horrillo, M.-A., y Rivero, M. (2019). Destination social capital and innovation in SMEs tourism firms: an empirical analysis in an adverse socio-economic context. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(10), 1572-1590. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1648481

Ratnawati, Soetjipto, B. E., Murwani, F. D., y Wahyono, H. (2018). The role of SMEs’ innovation and learning orientation in mediating the effect of CSR programme on SMEs’ performance and competitive advantage. Global Business Review, 19(S-3), s21-s38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918757842

Rivas-Castillo, C., Rodríguez-Burgos, K., y Miranda-Medina, C. (2021). La ciencia, tecnología e innovación en América Latina. Cuaderno Jurídico y Político, 6(16), 6-17. https://revistasnicaragua.cnu.edu.ni/index.php/cuadernojurypol/article/view/6832

Romero, I., y Tejada, P. (2019). Tourism intermediaries and innovation in the hotel industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(5), 641-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1572717

Sánchez, A., Lago, A., Ferràs, X., y Ribera, J. (2011). Innovation management practices, strategic adaptation, and business results: Evidence from the electronics industry. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 6(2), 14-39. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242011000200002

Sánchez, M., Cervantes, V., y Peralta, P. (2016). Gestión de la innovación en pequeñas y medianas empresas de Barranquilla - Colombia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXII(2), 78-91. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rcs/article/view/24861

Santoro, G. (2017). Innovation in small and medium enterprises: The impact of open innovation practices on firm's performance. Global Business and Economics Review, 19(5), 508-520. https://doi.org/10.1504/GBER.2017.086601

Scott, J. (1988). Trend report social network analysis. Sociology, 22(1), 109-127.

Sevil, A., Cruz, A., Reyes, T., y Vassolo, R. (2022). When being large is not an advantage: How Innovation impacts the sustainability of firm performance in natural resource industries. Sustainability, 14(23), 16149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316149

Shahzad, K., Arenius, P., Muller, A., Rasheed, M. A., y Bajwa, S. U. (2019). Unpacking the relationship between high-performance work systems and innovation performance in SMEs. Personnel Review, 48(4), 977-1000. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2016-0271

Shin, J.-K., Seo, J. H., y Hirakawa, H. (2010). Market orientation and technology innovation in Korean it SMEs: The moderating role of cross-functional cooperation and cooperation with outside organizations. Studies in Regional Science, 40(4), 921-939. https://doi.org/10.2457/srs.40.921

Song, H., y Lei, X. (2010). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on evaluation of venture capital for SMEs. Proceedings of the International Conference on E-Business and E-Government, ICEE 2010, Guangzhou, China, 2495-2497. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE.2010.630

Stawasz, E., y Geodek, P. (2010). SMEs Innovation and Job Creation Potential in the Shadow Economy Context. Comparative Economic Research, 13(4), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10103-009-0048-x

Tai, Y. L., y Watada, J. (2010). Creating SMEs' innovation capabilities through formation of collaborative innovation network in Taiwan. 2010 World Automation Congress, WAC 2010, 5665632.

Tichy, N., y Fombrun, C. (1979). Network analysis in organizational settings. Human Relations, 32(11), 923-965. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677903201103

Toomsalu, L., Tolmacheva, S., Vlasov, A., y Chernova, V. (2019). Determinants of innovations in small and medium enterprises: A European and international experience. Terra Economicus, 17(2), 112-123. https://doi.org/10.23683/2073-6606-2019-17-2-112-123

Twum-Darko, M., y Sibanyoni, J. L. (2014). Role of cloud computing as technology innovation in small and medium enterprises in South Africa. Corporate Ownership & Control, 12(1-6), 557-571. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c6p3

Vega, A., Brown, D., y Chiasson, M. (2012). Open innovation and SMEs: Exploring policy and the scope for improvements in university-based public programmes through a multidisciplinary lens. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 18(4), 457-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211239492

Vega, J. E., Bautista, M. D. C., y Martínez, M. D. C. (2020). Orientación emprendedora en la innovación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en México. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVI(4), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v26i4.34651

Velázquez, J. A., Cruz, E., y Vargas, E. E. (2018). Cooperación empresarial para el fomento de la innovación en la pyme turística. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXIV(3), 9-20.

Wang, Y., y Costello, P. (2009). An investigation into innovations in SMEs: Evidence from the West Midlands, UK. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 65-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135570801800104

Wang, Y.-L., Wang, Y.-D., y Horng, R.-Y. (2010). Learning and innovation in small and medium enterprises. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 110(2), 175-192. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571011020296

Zhu, B., y Wu, J. (2010). Evolvement mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises element-oriented innovation pattern - case study of Fujian Haiyuan automatic equipments CO., LTD. 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2010, Wuhan, China, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMSS.2010.5578146