Impact of a ketogenic diet on intestinal microbiota, cardiometabolic, and glycemic control parameters in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Impacto de una dieta cetogénica en la microbiota intestinal y los parámetros de control cardiometabólico y glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

• Na Lu China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-6675
• Xincui Zhou China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5661-531X
• Fengnian Guo China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8713-8833

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v65n3a08

Keywords: ketogenic diet, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, intestinal flora, glucagon like peptide-1, glycosylated hemoglobin

Abstract

A ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high fat and low carbo-hydrate intake, has been proposed as a therapeutic option for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). One hundred individuals with T2DM were selected and divided into a control group (CG) and an observation (OG) group, with 50 patients in each group, to investigate the effects of a KD on the intestinal flora, Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), and HbA1c levels in T2DM patients. Individuals in the CG were given standard treatment and diet, while patients in the OG were given a KD based on the CG. The blood glucose index, blood lipid index, HbA1c, GLP-1 levels, physical examination, and intestinal flora were compared in both groups. The FPG, HbA1c, two h PG, HOMA-IR TG, TC, and LDL -C levels in the two groups were reduced when compared to those before treatment (p<0.05), and the decreases in the OG were more significant than in the CG (p<0.05), while the levels of GLP-1 in the two groups were increased compared to those before treatment, those in the OG were significantly increased when compared to the CG (p<0.05). After treatment, waist circumference, BMI, body mass, and the levels of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the two groups were reduced compared to indicators before treatment (p<0.05), and those in the OG were even lower than those in the CG (p<0.05). In conclusion, these findings underscore the KD’s potential to act as an efficacious dietary strategy in managing T2DM.

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