Investigación Clínica

Tabla de Contenido

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Honestidad en investigación: Papel de las revistas científicas como mecanismo de control.

2025-12-08T15:34:54+00:00

En el mundo de la ciencia, la honestidad, es una cualidad indispensable, por lo cual debe estar presente en toda investigación. Sin embargo, en la práctica, esto no siempre se cumple y es por ello que las editoriales de algunas revistas científicas, han establecido criterios, que ayuden a detectar fraude, o lo que es lo mismo, deshonestidad, en un trabajo de investigación¹.

The role of amyloid and tau biomarkers in assessing the effectiveness of drug treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.

2025-12-08T15:32:28+00:00

This study aimed to explore the role of amyloid and tau biomark- ers in evaluating the effectiveness of drug therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A retrospective analysis was performed in 150 AD patients admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to January 2024, and 50 healthy people were selected as the control group. The basic information of patients, including cognitive function and daily living ability, as well as amyloid and tau biomarkers, was compared between the two groups. AD patients were treated with donepezil hydrochloride and memantine tablets, and were divided into valid and invalid groups based on efficacy. Binary logis- tic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the effectiveness of AD drug treatment, with the predictive accuracy being assessed using ROC curves. This study revealed that compared with the control group, the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and Aβ1-42 in the AD group decreased, while T-tau and P-Tau-181 increased (p<0.05). Drug treatment was con- sidered effective in 107 out of 150 AD patients. Education years, daily exercise, Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-Tau-181 are all factors that affect the effectiveness of AD drug treatment. The changes in serum levels of Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-Tau-181 can all be used to evaluate the effectiveness of AD drug treatment, with AUC values of 0.869, 0.815, and 0.800, respectively. The combined evaluation of the three factors has an AUC of 0.977. Drug therapy can improve the clinical efficacy of most AD patients. The years of education, exercise, Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-Tau-181 are the influencing factors of the efficacy of AD drug treatment. The efficacy of AD drug treatment can be evaluated by detecting the changes of serum Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-Tau-181 levels in clinical practice, and the combined evaluation value of the three is higher than the individual values.

CircRNA_104293 targets miR-497-5p to inhibit the mTOR/STAT3 pathway and mitigate inflammation in Crohn’s disease.

2025-12-08T19:57:16+00:00

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease driven in part by dysregulation of the mTOR/STAT3 signaling pathway, where mTOR activates STAT3 via the PI3K/AKT cascade. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as essential regulators in inflammatory processes, al- though their specific roles in CD remain largely unexplored. In this study, cir- cRNA expression profiles from CD patients and healthy controls were analyzed, revealing a significant upregulation of circRNA_104293 in CD tissues. Function- al investigations demonstrated that knockdown of circRNA_104293 reduced in- flammatory cytokine production and DNA damage markers, and decreased cell apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation confirmed a di- rect interaction between circRNA_104293 and miR-497-5p. Furthermore, miR- 497-5p inhibition reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of circRNA_104293 si- lencing. Notably, both rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) and miR-497-5p mimics suppressed the mTOR/STAT3 pathway and alleviated inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that the circRNA_104293/miR-497-5p axis contributes to CD progression by modulating the mTOR/STAT3 pathway, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Crohn’s disease.

The burden of iron overload in sickle cell disease: insights from South Carolina, USA.

2025-12-08T23:15:55+00:00

Red blood cell transfusions can lead to iron overload (IO) in sickle cell disease (SCD). We aimed to determine the relationship between SCD patients with IO and SCD comorbidities. Iron chelation regimen for IO in SCD patients was also studied. A cohort of 245 SCD adult patients receiving care at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) was studied. Information was obtained from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed to examine correlations and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We identified 85 (34.7%) participants who met IO criteria. The results showed a significant association of IO with stroke (OR= 14.67, p= 0.0001), pulmonary hypertension (OR= 4.75, p= 0.0006), acute chest syndrome (OR= 2.46, p= 0.003), and deep vein thrombosis (OR= 1.84, p= 0.04). There was a strong correlation between liver iron concentration (LIC) and ferritin levels (r= 0.5148, p<0.0001). Liver enzymes correlated well with LIC and ferritin levels. Eighty-six percent of participants (74/85) were on chelation therapy, but only 19% of them achieved a good response to the treatment. One-third of SCD individuals developed IO, associated with several comorbidities. Comprehensive measures must include periodic determinations of LIC and ferritin, followed by appropriate chelation therapy to prevent organ damage.

Comprehensive analysis of autophagy- and glycolysis-related differentially expressed genes involved in chronic inflammation in obese patients.

2025-12-09T00:05:50+00:00

The interaction between glycolysis and autophagy contributes to reprogramming chronic inflammation in obesity, but the knowledge about this interaction remains limited. Publicly available data were used to analyze autophagy and glycolysis-related differentially expressed genes (A&GRDEGs) in two datasets comparing patients with obesity and normal-weight patients. A total of 5 A&GRDEGs were obtained through screening, namely recombinant eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), alpha-synuclein (SNCA), and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Levels of autophagy and glycolysis exhibit substantial predictive value for obesity development and mechanistically contribute to disease pathogenesis through immunometabolic dysregulation.

Rutin as a potential therapeutic agent for arsenic-induced testicular damage: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.

2025-12-09T00:36:51+00:00

Arsenic exposure is associated with male reproductive toxicity, in- cluding impaired spermatogenesis, reduced sperm quality, and disrupted hormone levels. Rutin, a natural flavonoid, has demonstrated protective effects in various or- gans owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rutin in ameliorating testicular toxicity caused by sodium arsenite in laboratory rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal, arsenic control, rutin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and Co-enzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg) treatment groups. Testicular damage was induced by oral administration of sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg, for two days). Rutin and Co-enzyme Q10 were administered orally for 15 and seven days, respectively. The serum hormone levels, sperm pa- rameters, testicular mitochondrial enzymes, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, and histopathology were assessed. Arsenic exposure significantly decreased (p<0.001) sperm parameters (count, motility, and viability), serum hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone), and mitochondrial enzyme activity. Rutin (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001) attenuated arsenic-induced alterations in a dose-dependent manner, improving organ weight, sperm parameters, and hormone levels. Rutin also improved mitochondrial complex activity and testicular architecture. In contrast, elevated oxidative stress (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), and apoptosis (caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein expression) were ameliorated by rutin. In conclusion, rutin demonstrated significant protective effects against sodium arsenite-induced testicular toxicity in rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. These findings suggest that rutin has therapeutic potential in mitigating arsenic-related reproductive toxicity.

Correlations of interleukin-17 and regulatory T cells with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary function.

2025-12-09T01:40:11+00:00

We aimed to explore the correlation of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary function. A total of 90 COPD patients, all with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD and without any history of asthma, were included to ensure that the findings are specific to COPD. In addition, a smoking group (healthy smokers, n=90) and a healthy group (healthy nonsmokers, n=90) were studied. The COPD group had the highest IL-17 level and the lowest cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) + Treg cell count, CD25+Treg cell count, and CD4+CD25+Treg cell count in peripheral blood, followed by the smoking and healthy groups (p<0.05). The CD4+ Treg cell count, CD25+ Treg cell count, CD4+CD25+ Treg cell count, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ), and FEV1 /FVC were found to be the highest in the mild group, followed by those of moderate and severe groups (p<0.05). The CD4+ Treg cell count, CD25+ Treg cell count, and CD4+CD25+ Treg cell count displayed positive correlations with FEV1 , FVC, and FEV1/FVC (r>0, p<0.05) and negative correlations with the IL-17 level (r<0, p<0.05). The IL-17 level was negatively correlated with FEV1 , FVC, and FEV1 /FVC (r<0, p<0.05). Importantly, this study highlights the combined analysis of IL-17 and Treg subsets, which provides additional insights into their joint association with COPD severity beyond IL-17 alone.

Hiperplasia endometrial II: Revisión narrativa sobre diferentes opciones de tratamiento.

2025-12-09T02:24:43+00:00

Endometrial hyperplasia encompasses a spectrum of endometrial changes, ranging from a mildly disordered pattern, such as endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, to more severe alterations, including endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, a precursor to endometrial carcinoma. During the reproductive years, the risk of hyperplasia is associated with oligo-anovulation, and during menopause, it is associated with factors such as obesity and estrogen replacement therapy. This review aims to offer a rational approach to the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia, including conservative therapy such as hormonal therapy and different surgical methods.

Eficacia comparativa entre el tratamiento quirúrgico y el conservador en el choque fémoroacetabular. Una Revisión sistemática.

2025-12-09T02:34:48+00:00

Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a space conflict between the acetabulum and the femoral head, which causes premature degeneration and joint pain. For this, an adequate therapeutic approach is necessary. However, there is no consensus on whether the primary treatment should be surgical or conservative. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapy compared to arthroscopy in patients with FAI. Following the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses” (PRIS- MA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials published over the last 15 years comparing conservative treatment with the arthroscopic approach in FAI, analyzing joint function and patient quality of life. The search was performed in the Medline, “Physiotherapy Evidence Database” PEDro and Cochrane databases. In addition, the methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro and the “Cuestionario Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Español” (CASPe) scales, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Six trials met the established selection criteria, including 744 patients aged 30 to 50 years. Significant improvements (p<0.05) in quality of life were observed with hip arthroscopy compared with conservative treatment. There is no consensus on joint function. In conclusion, the FAI approach via arthroscopic treatment could significantly improve patients’ quality of life compared with physiotherapy. These results would position surgical treatment as the best first-line treatment option for FAI. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to evaluate the definitive approach to FAI.

The ongoing panzootic of avian Influenza A (H5N1) and its potential pandemic threat.

2025-12-09T03:37:04+00:00

The influenza virus is one of the most significant pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and is the human pathogen most frequently associated with epidemics and pandemics. The epidemiological record of influenza suggests that future pandemics caused by this virus are inevitable, even though their timing, origin, and severity remain uncertain. This review focuses on the ongoing panzootic of avian influenza A (H5N1), which is currently spreading across much of the globe. The ongoing panzootic of Influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has spread rapidly worldwide and is causing concern. The virus has already crossed species barriers, infecting multiple mammalian hosts and causing human cases with varying degrees of severity. While sustained human-to-human transmission has not yet occurred, an increasing frequency of spillover events and the emergence of genotypes with mutations associated with mammalian adaptation are of concern. We assess the potential for this panzootic to evolve into a pandemic and examine the critical measures needed for preparedness and prevention, following a One Health approach.

FE DE ERRATA

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Índice de Autores Vol. 66, Nos. 1-4, 2025

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