Force majeure as grounds for exemption from liability: International approach and Ukrainian experience in terms of the military conflict

La fuerza mayor como causal de exención de responsabilidad: enfoque internacional y experiencia ucraniana en materia de conflicto militar

• Inna Apalkova National University “Odessa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-6677
• Vladimira Dobrovolska National University “Odessa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-3792
• Yuliia Pavlova National University “Odessa Law Academy”, Odesa, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-6297
• Svitlana Yakymchuk Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-494X
• Volodymyr Yarmaki Odessa State University of Internal Affairs, Odesa, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-1085

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.29

Palabras clave: fuerza mayor, fuerza irresistible, exención de responsabilidad, cumplimiento de obligaciones, guerra en Ucrania

Resumen

El artículo está dedicado al estudio de la categoría de «fuerza mayor» y las características de la exención de responsabilidad en circunstancias de fuerza mayor. Además, se estudia la definición de fuerza mayor en los actos normativos internacionales, se comparan las categorías de fuerza mayor, fuerza irresistible y estado de emergencia. Se considera el régimen de causales de exención de responsabilidad y el lugar de la fuerza mayor en el mismo. Se analizan las peculiaridades de cambiar y rescindir el contrato como resultado de un cambio significativo en las circunstancias en caso de fuerza mayor de acuerdo con la legislación de los países europeos y Ucrania. El artículo presta especial atención a la calificación de las circunstancias como fuerza mayor en el contexto de la operación antiterrorista y la guerra en Ucrania. Se concluye que el concepto de fuerza mayor tiene su origen en el Derecho romano y hoy es conocido tanto en el sistema civil como en el del common law. Desde la época del Derecho romano, existía tanto una regulación legislativa de la exoneración de responsabilidad por la concurrencia de circunstancias de fuerza mayor, como una práctica contractual de formulación de cláusulas de exoneración de responsabilidad.

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