Predicate offense in money laundering cycle

Delito principal en el ciclo del blanqueo de capitales

• Olha Bondarenko Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-1393
• Lyudmila Telizhenko Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-513X
• Mykola Starynsky Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-5639
• Mykhailo Dumchikov Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-2419
• Ruslana Dehtiar Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9661-7640

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.01

Palabras clave: revisión judicial, práctica judicial, delito subyacente, legalización (blanqueo) de bienes, blanqueo de dinero

Resumen

El artículo está dedicado al tema concreto del estudio del concepto, la esencia, los tipos y el significado del delito subyacente en el blanqueo de capitales. Se presta especial atención a las cuestiones de actualidad de la revisión judicial en virtud del artículo 209 del Código Penal de Ucrania sobre la legalización (blanqueo) de bienes obtenidos por medios delictivos. Los autores utilizan métodos generales, intersectoriales y especiales (sectoriales). El análisis de la práctica judicial de los tribunales de Ucrania, llevado a cabo por los autores, permite afirmar que la mayoría de los casos de exigencia de responsabilidad penal por blanqueo de capitales se producen o bien en caso de existencia de una condena por un delito subyacente o bien con un procesamiento simultáneo tanto por un delito subyacente como por blanqueo de capitales. Se concluye que, el estudio de las mejores prácticas de varios países da pie a sugerir la posibilidad de perseguir el blanqueo de bienes como un delito penal independiente. En tales condiciones, no habrá necesidad de enjuiciar un delito subyacente, especialmente si es imposible demostrar la culpabilidad por su comisión.

Citas

ARKUSHA, Larysa. 2010. Legalization (laundering) of proceeds from organized legal activities: characterization, detection, investigation. Odesa, Ukraine.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 1990. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime. Council of Europe. Ratification 1997. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_029#Text. Consultation date: 01/11/2022.

CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE. 2001. Law № 2341-III. Information of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. No. 25-26. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14. Consultation date: 23/11/2022. (in Ukrainian).

GERECHTSH OF AMSTERDAM. 2013. ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2013:BY8481. Available online. In: https://www.recht.nl/rechtspraak/?ecli= ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2013:BY8481. Date of consultation: 25/02/23.

HONCHARUK, Vladyslav. 2020. “Types of predicate crimes in the domestic criminal legislation” In: Our law. No. 3, pp. 105-115.

KLEPYTSKYY, Ivan. 2002. Money laundering» in modern criminal law. State and law. Available online. In: http://www.oupi.ru/ilibr/kv/2.pdf. Consultation date: 10/11/2022. (In Russian).

KOPCHA, Vasyl. 2020. “Methodology of legal phenomenon research: concept, structure, tools” In: Journal of the Kyiv University of Law. No. 01, pp. 54-58.

KOREJO, Muhammad; RAJAMANICKAM, Ramalinggam; MD. SAID, Muhamad Helmi. 2021, «The concept of money laundering: a quest for legal definition» In: Journal of Money Laundering Control. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 725-736.

LYSENKO, Volodymyr. 2021. “Characteristics of criminal activity regarding legalization (laundering) of property obtained by criminal way (according to judicial practice)” In: Bulletin of Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E.O. Didorenko. Vol. 94, No. 02, pp. 128-140.

MBILA, Chimamaka. 2019. Understanding the predicate offence of Money laundering; The Money laundering cycle, typologies and proffered solutions for banks to mitigate their risks to enabling money launderers. Available online. In: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337245033_Understanding_the_predicate_offence_of_Money_laundering_The_Money_laundering_cycle_typologies_ and_proffered_solutions_for_banks_to_mitigate_their_risks_to_ enabling_money_launderers. Consultation date: 12/11/2022.

PAVLYUTIN, Yuriy. 2015. “Peculiarities of proving legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime” In: South Ukrainian Law Journal. No. 03, pp. 169- 172.

POPOVYCH, Volodymyr. 2001. Economic and criminological theory of de- shadowing of the economy. Irpen, Ukraine.

RESOLUTION OF THE PLENUM OF THE SUPREME COURT OF UKRAINE. 2005. On the practice of application by courts of the legislation on criminal liability for legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime. Visnyk Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy. No. 5. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0005700-05#Text. Consultation date: 12/11/2022.

RICHARDSON, Ian; DE LUCAS MARTÍN, Ignacio. 2021. Handbook on money laundering identification, investigation and prosecution for Ukraine. Available online. In: https://fiu.gov.ua/assets/userfiles/200/ Typologies%20(International%20Studies)/ENG_Handbook%20 on%20ML%20prosecution.pdf. Consultation date: 20/11/2022.

SENTENCE IN THE CASE № 136/947/20 (proceedings 1-кп/136/50/20). 2020. Lipovets district court of Vinnytsia region. Register of court decisions. Available online. In: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/92461108. Consultation date: 23/11/2022. (in Ukrainian).

SENTENCE IN THE CASE № 243/3955/19. 2019. Slavyansk City District Court of Donetsk Region. Register of court decisions. Available online. In: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/85305626 (2019, October, 31). Consultation date: 23/11/2022.

SENTENCE IN THE CASE № 757/12515/20-к. 2020. Pechersk District Court of Kyiv. Register of court decisions. Available online. In: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/93803612. Consultation date: 23/11/2022.

SENTENCE IN THE CASE № 757/502/19-к. 2019. Pechersk District Court of Kyiv. Register of court decisions. Available online. In: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/80449864 (2019, March, 13). Consultation date: 23/11/2022.

SENTENCE IN THE CASE № 757/9882/19-к. 2019. Pechersk District Court of Kyiv. Register of court decisions. Available online. In: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/81527076 (2019, March, 29). Consultation date: 23/11/2022.

SENTENCE IN THE CASE № 766/6200/19. 2019. Kherson City Court of Kherson Region. Register of court decisions. Available online. In: https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/n82951199. Consultation date: 23/11/2022.

TIKHOMIROV, Denys. 2019. “The structure of the methodology of state policy research in the field of security” In: Philosophical and methodological problems of law. Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 46-51.

VOROBEY, Petro; VOROBEY, Olena; MATVIICHUK, Valerii; NIEBYTOV, Andrii; KHAR, Inna. 2022. “Criminal law principles in the fight against crime” In: Amazonia Investiga. Vol. 49, No. 11, pp. 156-164.

ZHYVKO, Zinaida; RODCHENKO, Svetlana; VYSOTS'KA, Inna. 2021. “The impact of the legalization of proceeds of crime on economic security” In: Social and humanitarian bulletin. Vol. 37. pp. 48-51.