Military law: current state and prospects of development

Derecho militar: estado actual y perspectivas de desarrollo

• Oleg Gushchyn Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2901-9605
• Anastasiia Ostapenko National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Kyiv. Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-3283
• Petro Korniienko National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-6698
• Oleksandr Kotliarenko National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyi, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-2515

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.42

Palabras clave: derecho militar, justicia militar, tribunales militares, agresión armada, policía militar

Resumen

El objetivo del artículo fue analizar el estado actual y las perspectivas de desarrollo del derecho militar. La base metodológica del estudio ha sido el uso de métodos de investigación empírica, conocimientos teóricos y técnicas de investigación lógica. La investigación se sustentó en varias certezas: La primera certeza sistémica es el compromiso limitado o condicional de algunos Estados con el derecho internacional. La segunda certeza sistémica es la perspectiva estatal de la seguridad internacional. La tercera son las deficiencias estructurales de las Naciones Unidas. La cuarta certeza sistémica es que el horror en el contexto de los conflictos armados está presente y que la guerra es siempre una catástrofe humanitaria. Por último, la quinta certeza sistémica es la defensibilidad que alcanza un Estado que posee armas nucleares u otras armas de destrucción masiva. Se concluye que es necesario crear un sistema de justicia militar para la práctica policial moderna, es decir, promulgar  directamente el derecho militar. Partiendo de la idea de que la justicia militar es un sistema de órganos, debería incluir: un órgano que lleve a cabo la investigación previa al juicio o que garantice el orden público y un órgano que vigile el estado de derecho; tribunales militares.

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