Private-law definition of the concept and legal nature of human genetic information

Definición de derecho privado del concepto y naturaleza jurídica de la información genética humana

• Hanna Krushelnytska National Academy of Internal Affairs, Kyiv, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-6973

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.23

Palabras clave: información genética, genes y genoma, privacidad, datos personales, derecho privado

Resumen

El artículo explora el régimen de derecho privado de la información genética humana. Para lograr el objetivo se realizó un análisis de fuentes bibliográficas en el campo de la investigación genética y genómica, soporte legal para la circulación de la información genética y su protección legal. El documento analiza también las disposiciones de la legislación y la práctica de los Estados Unidos y los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Para resolver los problemas planteados se utilizaron métodos generales y específicos del conocimiento científico, incluidos métodos dialécticos, de lógica formal y de derecho comparado. El artículo precisa las definiciones doctrinales y legales de los conceptos de «genoma» y «gen» de un individuo. Señala la naturaleza dual del gen humano como objeto material: una molécula de ADN, y también como una unidad de información hereditaria que es de naturaleza intangible. El artículo explora la posibilidad de atribuir información genética a objetos de derechos civiles, en particular objetos materiales, bienes muebles intangibles y los resultados de la actividad intelectual. En las conclusiones se fundamenta la necesidad de distinguir entre los conceptos de información genética y genómica. Además, revisa los enfoques teóricos para definir el concepto y la naturaleza de la información genética.

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