Notarial practice of will declaration in civil transactions in the countries of the European Union
Práctica notarial de declaración de testamento en transacciones civiles de los países de la Unión Europea
Palabras clave:
firma calificada, administración digital, clave criptográfica, poder notarial digital, transacciones civiles en la UE
Resumen
El objetivo del artículo fue considerar las peculiaridades de la práctica notarial de declarar voluntad en las transacciones civiles de los países de la Unión Europea UE, en vista de la mayor adaptación de las prácticas positivas en Ucrania. Las principales herramientas metodológicas empleadas en la investigación fueron los métodos de observación y comparación. La investigación realizada mostró que el Reglamento europeo que regula la materia estableció la base legal para el uso de servicios electrónicos de confianza en la práctica notarial. El uso de firmas y sellos electrónicos calificados, sellos de tiempo electrónicos y autenticación en esta área da confianza en un mayor nivel de seguridad de los documentos. El uso de la identificación electrónica ID y los servicios electrónicos de confianza también simplifican los largos trámites formales en la práctica notarial. Se descubrió que los sistemas de videoconferencia integrados, los flujos de trabajo de procesos comerciales y los sistemas de firma electrónica legal se están convirtiendo en componentes obligatorios de la digitalización de la práctica notarial. Gaya, programa europeo para la identificación electrónica, puede ser un ejemplo para la implementación de las condiciones para la práctica notarial actual de declaración de voluntad en transacciones civiles en Ucrania.
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BEUKER, Laura; BORGHI, Paolo; BUREAU, Marie-Christine; CORSANI, Antonella; GAZIER, Bernard; GODINO, Alejandro; Koene, Bas; MARTÍN-ARTILES, Antonio; MOLINA, Oscar; MORI, Anna; NAEDENOEN, Frédéric; NORBÄCK, Maria; ŠIROK, Klemen; STANIC, Maylin; WALTER, Lars. 2019. “The place of self-employment in the European context. Evidence from nine country case studies: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom” In: R. Semenza, F. Pichault Eds., The Challenges of Self-Employment in Europe (pp. 77–139). Edward Elgar Publishing.
BIEMANS, Jan W. A. 2021. “Will requirements for last wills remain as they are? The ‘Physical presence requirement’ of witnesses and notaries in the light of the COVID-19 interim measures and the EU freedom of (notarial) services” In: Utrecht Law Review. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 51-64.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2022. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 164 Some issues of notary public service under martial law. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/164-2022-%D0%BF#Text. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
CARRERA, Cecilia Soledad. 2022. “Digital documents, instruments and signatures. Digital notarial testimony and digital signatures certification” In: Revista De Derecho Notarial Y Registral. Vol. 8, pp. 11-23. https://doi. org/10.37767/2362-3845(2022)001. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
CNUE.2021.Annualreport.Availableonline.In:https://www.notariesofeurope. eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CNUE-annual-report-2021.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
CONSULEZE INTERMEDIAZIONI & PARTECIPAZIONI. 2005. Legislative Decree no. 82 Digital Administration Code (updated to Legislative Decree No. 179 of 26 August 2016). Available online. In: http://www.cip.srl/documenti/Codice_Amministrazione_Digitale_D.lgs._85-2005. pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
DETERMANN, Lothar. 2021. “Electronic form over substance: eSignature laws need upgrades” In: Hastings Law Journal. Vol. 72, No. 5.
E-GOVERNANCE ACADEMY. 2021. Diia mobile application. Evaluation report. Available online. In: https://eu4digitalua.eu/wp-content/ uploads/2021/12/diia-evaluation-report.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. 2014. Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2014.257.01.0073.01.ENG. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. 2021. Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/946 of 3 June 2021 on a common Union Toolbox for a coordinated approach towards a European Digital Identity Framework. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H0946. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
GAYADEED. 2022. On-line Digital contracts. Available online. In: https:// www.gayadeed.it/en/. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
HUMAIRA, Maghfira; LATUMETEN, Pieter Everhardus. 2022. “Comparison of notary deed in Indonesia, Netherlands, and Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic” In: Linguistics and Culture Review. Vol. 6, No. S5, pp. 233-243.
ISTAT. 2022. Sales of real estate units and loans. 13 July. Available online. In: https://www.istat.it/en/archivio/272914. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
JIA, Yu; LI, Zhen. 2022. “Auxiliary system for contract signing based on electronic signature technology” In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. Vol. 2022, Article ID 1221162, pp. 06-19.
JUNYU, Ma. 2020. “Notary according to civil law and common law closely related to international transactions” In: Jurnal Akta. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 200-222.
JUSTEL. 1803. Wet van 25 ventôse jaar XI op het notarisambt. 16-03- 1803. Available online. In: http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/eli/wet/1803/03/16/1803031601/justel. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
KARMAZA, Oleksandra. 2022. “Protection of the rights and interests of citizens in the civil process in the conditions of martial law and Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine.” In: The Russian-Ukrainian war (2014– 2022): Historical, political, cultural-educational, religious, economic, and legal aspects: Scientific monograph (pp. 1156-1164). Baltija Publishing. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-223-4-144. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
KUDEIKINA, Inga; PALKOVA, Karina. 2020. “The problems in will expression in civil law transactions and healthcare in case of capacity of individuals” In: European Journal of Sustainable Development. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 173- 189.
LILA-BARSKA, A. V. 2021. “Digitization of notarial activity in Ukraine” In: Legal Scientific Electronic Journal. Vol. 8. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-8/51. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
MINISTRY Of JUSTICE Of UKRAINE. 2021. Reporting form (quarterly) “Information on the number of certified transactions (contracts) with real estate” for the II quarter of 2021. Available online. In: https:// minjust.gov.ua/files/general/2021/07/27/20210727130850-38.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
MINISTRY Of JUSTICE Of UKRAINE. 2022. Reporting form (quarterly) “Information on the number of certified transactions (contracts) with real estate” for the II quarter of 2022. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/files/general/2022/07/27/20220727170536-99.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE RECOVERY OF UKRAINE FROM THE CONSEQUENCES OF WAR. 2022. “Project of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine.” In: Materials of the working group “Justice”. Available online. In: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/1/recoveryrada/ua/ justice.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
NORMATTIVA THE PORTAL OF CURRENT LAW. 2010. Decreto legislativo 2 luglio 2010, n. 110. Available online. In: https://www.normattiva. it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2010-07-02;110. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
OVERHEID.NL. 2020. Act of April 22, 2020, containing temporary facilities on the premises of the Ministry of Justice and Security in connection with the outbreak of COVID-19 (Temporary law COVID-19 Justice and Security). Available online. In: https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen. nl/stb-2020-124.html. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
PÖHN, Daniela; GRABATIN, Michael; HOMMEL, Wolfgang. 2021. “eID and self-sovereign identity usage: An Overview” In: Electronics. Vol. 10, No. 22, pp. 23-32.
PRICEHUBBLE. 2021. How notaries use digital tools and real estate data to to consult their clients more effectively. Available online. In: https://www. pricehubble.com/en/blog/real-estate-notaries-digital/. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
SAMSIN, Igor; KOVALKO, Nataliia; KOVALENKO, Anatoliy; ZABZALIUK, Dmytro; KURANDO, Kateryna. 2021. “Legal Aspects of identity transactions involving entities with foreign elements: ICT technologies and issues of the tax burden” In: Studies of Applied Economics. Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 117-129.
SCHWALM, Steffen; ALAMILLO-DOMINGO, Ignacio. 2021. “Self-sovereign- identity & eIDAS: A contradiction? Challenges and chances of eIDAS 2.0” In: European Review of Digital Administration & Law – Erdal. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 89-108.
TABONE, Donatienne. 2021. “Implementing the electronic signature on notarial instruments: A comparative study” In: Professional report. University of Malta. Available online. In: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/ handle/123456789/91164. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1993. Law of Ukraine of September 2, 1993 No. 3425-XII On Notary. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/3425-12#Text. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2003. Civil Code of Ukraine dated January 16, 2003 No. 435-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/435-15#Text. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2017. Law of Ukraine dated October 5, 2017 No. 2155-VIII On electronic trust services. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2155-19#n534. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
WIDYANTORO, Lita Ardita Putri; HAFIDZ, Jawade; PINANDITO, Rizky Adi. 2022. “Juridical analysis of the position of the notary deed that does not meet the subjective elements as a condition for the validity of the agreement.” In: Sultan Agung Notary Law Review. Vol. 4, No. 3, pр. 916–929.
ŽIVKOVSKA, Rodna; PRŽESKA, Tina. 2018. “Modifications of legal transactions” In: Iustinianus Primus Law Review. Vol. 18. Available online. In: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/6877. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
BEUKER, Laura; BORGHI, Paolo; BUREAU, Marie-Christine; CORSANI, Antonella; GAZIER, Bernard; GODINO, Alejandro; Koene, Bas; MARTÍN-ARTILES, Antonio; MOLINA, Oscar; MORI, Anna; NAEDENOEN, Frédéric; NORBÄCK, Maria; ŠIROK, Klemen; STANIC, Maylin; WALTER, Lars. 2019. “The place of self-employment in the European context. Evidence from nine country case studies: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom” In: R. Semenza, F. Pichault Eds., The Challenges of Self-Employment in Europe (pp. 77–139). Edward Elgar Publishing.
BIEMANS, Jan W. A. 2021. “Will requirements for last wills remain as they are? The ‘Physical presence requirement’ of witnesses and notaries in the light of the COVID-19 interim measures and the EU freedom of (notarial) services” In: Utrecht Law Review. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 51-64.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2022. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 164 Some issues of notary public service under martial law. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/164-2022-%D0%BF#Text. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
CARRERA, Cecilia Soledad. 2022. “Digital documents, instruments and signatures. Digital notarial testimony and digital signatures certification” In: Revista De Derecho Notarial Y Registral. Vol. 8, pp. 11-23. https://doi. org/10.37767/2362-3845(2022)001. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
CNUE.2021.Annualreport.Availableonline.In:https://www.notariesofeurope. eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CNUE-annual-report-2021.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
CONSULEZE INTERMEDIAZIONI & PARTECIPAZIONI. 2005. Legislative Decree no. 82 Digital Administration Code (updated to Legislative Decree No. 179 of 26 August 2016). Available online. In: http://www.cip.srl/documenti/Codice_Amministrazione_Digitale_D.lgs._85-2005. pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
DETERMANN, Lothar. 2021. “Electronic form over substance: eSignature laws need upgrades” In: Hastings Law Journal. Vol. 72, No. 5.
E-GOVERNANCE ACADEMY. 2021. Diia mobile application. Evaluation report. Available online. In: https://eu4digitalua.eu/wp-content/ uploads/2021/12/diia-evaluation-report.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. 2014. Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2014.257.01.0073.01.ENG. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. 2021. Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/946 of 3 June 2021 on a common Union Toolbox for a coordinated approach towards a European Digital Identity Framework. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H0946. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
GAYADEED. 2022. On-line Digital contracts. Available online. In: https:// www.gayadeed.it/en/. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
HUMAIRA, Maghfira; LATUMETEN, Pieter Everhardus. 2022. “Comparison of notary deed in Indonesia, Netherlands, and Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic” In: Linguistics and Culture Review. Vol. 6, No. S5, pp. 233-243.
ISTAT. 2022. Sales of real estate units and loans. 13 July. Available online. In: https://www.istat.it/en/archivio/272914. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
JIA, Yu; LI, Zhen. 2022. “Auxiliary system for contract signing based on electronic signature technology” In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. Vol. 2022, Article ID 1221162, pp. 06-19.
JUNYU, Ma. 2020. “Notary according to civil law and common law closely related to international transactions” In: Jurnal Akta. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 200-222.
JUSTEL. 1803. Wet van 25 ventôse jaar XI op het notarisambt. 16-03- 1803. Available online. In: http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/eli/wet/1803/03/16/1803031601/justel. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
KARMAZA, Oleksandra. 2022. “Protection of the rights and interests of citizens in the civil process in the conditions of martial law and Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine.” In: The Russian-Ukrainian war (2014– 2022): Historical, political, cultural-educational, religious, economic, and legal aspects: Scientific monograph (pp. 1156-1164). Baltija Publishing. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-223-4-144. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
KUDEIKINA, Inga; PALKOVA, Karina. 2020. “The problems in will expression in civil law transactions and healthcare in case of capacity of individuals” In: European Journal of Sustainable Development. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 173- 189.
LILA-BARSKA, A. V. 2021. “Digitization of notarial activity in Ukraine” In: Legal Scientific Electronic Journal. Vol. 8. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-8/51. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
MINISTRY Of JUSTICE Of UKRAINE. 2021. Reporting form (quarterly) “Information on the number of certified transactions (contracts) with real estate” for the II quarter of 2021. Available online. In: https:// minjust.gov.ua/files/general/2021/07/27/20210727130850-38.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
MINISTRY Of JUSTICE Of UKRAINE. 2022. Reporting form (quarterly) “Information on the number of certified transactions (contracts) with real estate” for the II quarter of 2022. Available online. In: https://minjust.gov.ua/files/general/2022/07/27/20220727170536-99.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE RECOVERY OF UKRAINE FROM THE CONSEQUENCES OF WAR. 2022. “Project of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine.” In: Materials of the working group “Justice”. Available online. In: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/1/recoveryrada/ua/ justice.pdf. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
NORMATTIVA THE PORTAL OF CURRENT LAW. 2010. Decreto legislativo 2 luglio 2010, n. 110. Available online. In: https://www.normattiva. it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:2010-07-02;110. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
OVERHEID.NL. 2020. Act of April 22, 2020, containing temporary facilities on the premises of the Ministry of Justice and Security in connection with the outbreak of COVID-19 (Temporary law COVID-19 Justice and Security). Available online. In: https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen. nl/stb-2020-124.html. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
PÖHN, Daniela; GRABATIN, Michael; HOMMEL, Wolfgang. 2021. “eID and self-sovereign identity usage: An Overview” In: Electronics. Vol. 10, No. 22, pp. 23-32.
PRICEHUBBLE. 2021. How notaries use digital tools and real estate data to to consult their clients more effectively. Available online. In: https://www. pricehubble.com/en/blog/real-estate-notaries-digital/. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
SAMSIN, Igor; KOVALKO, Nataliia; KOVALENKO, Anatoliy; ZABZALIUK, Dmytro; KURANDO, Kateryna. 2021. “Legal Aspects of identity transactions involving entities with foreign elements: ICT technologies and issues of the tax burden” In: Studies of Applied Economics. Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 117-129.
SCHWALM, Steffen; ALAMILLO-DOMINGO, Ignacio. 2021. “Self-sovereign- identity & eIDAS: A contradiction? Challenges and chances of eIDAS 2.0” In: European Review of Digital Administration & Law – Erdal. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 89-108.
TABONE, Donatienne. 2021. “Implementing the electronic signature on notarial instruments: A comparative study” In: Professional report. University of Malta. Available online. In: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/ handle/123456789/91164. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1993. Law of Ukraine of September 2, 1993 No. 3425-XII On Notary. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/3425-12#Text. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2003. Civil Code of Ukraine dated January 16, 2003 No. 435-IV. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/435-15#Text. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2017. Law of Ukraine dated October 5, 2017 No. 2155-VIII On electronic trust services. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2155-19#n534. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
WIDYANTORO, Lita Ardita Putri; HAFIDZ, Jawade; PINANDITO, Rizky Adi. 2022. “Juridical analysis of the position of the notary deed that does not meet the subjective elements as a condition for the validity of the agreement.” In: Sultan Agung Notary Law Review. Vol. 4, No. 3, pр. 916–929.
ŽIVKOVSKA, Rodna; PRŽESKA, Tina. 2018. “Modifications of legal transactions” In: Iustinianus Primus Law Review. Vol. 18. Available online. In: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/6877. Consultation date: 05/11/2022.
Publicado
2023-02-11
Cómo citar
Khorosheniuk, O., Savchenko, V., Andrukhiv, O., Babichev, A., & Bortniak , V. (2023). Notarial practice of will declaration in civil transactions in the countries of the European Union: Práctica notarial de declaración de testamento en transacciones civiles de los países de la Unión Europea. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(76), 76-99. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.04
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Derecho Público
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