Guaranteeing the Exercise of the Right to Medical Care of Prisoners of War in the Context of International Protection
Garantía del ejercicio del derecho a la atención médica de los prisioneros de guerra en el contexto de la protección internacional
Palabras clave:
servicio militar, Fuerzas Armadas de Ucrania, prisioneros de guerra, atención médica, derecho internacional humanitario
Resumen
El objetivo del artículo es estudiar el marco legal ucraniano e internacional con respecto al ejercicio del derecho de los prisioneros de guerra a la atención médica y, de igual modo, determinar las medidas para garantizarlo. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos: análisis y síntesis, análisis estadístico, métodos gráficos y método lógico-abstracto. La distinción de este estudio es la sistematización del marco legislativo y las medidas no jurídicas relativas al ejercicio del derecho de los prisioneros de guerra a la atención médica. En el curso de la investigación se estableció que varios actos legislativos ucranianos e internacionales regulan las reglas de tratamiento de los prisioneros de guerra, incluida la Convención de Ginebra relativa al trato de los prisioneros de guerra. En las conclusiones de la investigación se determinó que los ocupantes rusos violan estas disposiciones con regularidad en relación con los ucranianos capturados. Sin embargo, los mecanismos para llevar a los criminales de guerra ante la justicia y los métodos para ayudar a los prisioneros de guerra ucranianos son imperfectos. La forma óptima de ayudar a los prisioneros de guerra es el intercambio, pero su procedimiento también es imperfecto y la comunicación con el enemigo es complicada.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Citas
APALKOV, Viktor; KHMILIAR, Oleh. 2022. “Psychology of a Military Serviceman’s Life After Captivity” In: Habitus. Vol. 38, pp. 128-135.
ARMAN, Jemma; HENCKAERTS, Jean-Marie; HIEMSTRA, Heleen; KROTIUK, Kvitoslava. 2020. “The updated ICRC Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention: A new tool to protect prisoners of war in the twenty-first century” In: International Review of the Red Cross. Vol. 102, No. 913, pp. 389-416.
CHU, Jonathan A. 2019. “A clash of norms? How reciprocity and international humanitarian law affect American opinion on the treatment of POWs” In: Journal of conflict resolution. Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 1140-1164.
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2019. Rule 39 requests granted and refused in 2017, 2018 and 2019 by respondent State. European Court of Human Rights. Available online. In: https://echr.coe.int/Documents/ Stats_art_39_01_ENG.pdf. Consultation date: 12/07/2021.
FEDORENKO, Vladyslav; YUKHYMIUK, Olha; ADLER, Oleksandr. 2022. “Violation of fundamental human rights as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 and the mechanisms of bringing war criminals to legal responsibility” In: Expert: paradigms of legal sciences and public administration. Vol. 2, No. 20, pp. 32-59.
FUTORIANSKA, Kateryna. 2020. “Rule 39 of the Rules of the European Court of Human Rights in Cases with Ukrainian Involvement.” In: Legal scientific electronic journal, Vol. 5, pp. 220-223. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-5/53. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
HUFFMAN, Stephen P. 2018. “International Humanitarian Law in 21st Century Conflict: A Historical Examination of the Third Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949), and its Applicability in Future War. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth KS. Available online. In: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/ citations/AD1084349. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
HURIN, Anastasia. 2022. “If the priority is to return each of our heroes, then we will have to give in to the punishment of war criminals - the deputy minister of justice.” ZN.UA. Available online. In: https://zn.ua/ukr/ UKRAINE/v-ministerstvi-justitsiji-pojasnili-jak-sudovi-protsesi-nad- rosijskimi-vijskovopolonenimi-vplivajut-na-obmin.html. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
KALLBERG, Jan. 2022. “A Troubling Silence on Prisoners of War.” In: Center for European Policy Analysis (Washington, DC). Available online. In: https://cepa.org/article/a-troubling-silence-on-prisoners-of-war. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
KHOBBI, Yuliya; STOROZHUK, Iryna; SVOBODA, Ivo; KUZMENKO, Serhii; TYMCHYSHYN, Andriy. 2022. “Reforming Techniques to Combat Organized Crime in the Context in View of Securing Human Rights and Freedoms” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No.73, pp. 192-214.
KOROHODSKYI, YURII. 2022. None of the Ukrainian prisoners saw representatives of the Red Cross, - Lubinets. LB.ua. Available online. In: https://lb.ua/society/2022/09/24/530452_zhoden_z_ukrainskih_ polonenih.html. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
KOROHODSKYI, YURII. 2022a. The condition of our discharged soldiers is shocking, - Azov patronage service. Available online. In: https:// lb.ua/society/2022/09/24/530468_stan_zvilnenih_viyskovih.html. Consultation date: 03/08/2022.
KOROHODSKYI, YURII. 2022b. About 2,500 Ukrainians are still held captive by the occupiers, - Vereshchuk. Available online. In: https://lb.ua/ society/2022/09/25/530547_poloni_okupantiv_shche_blizko_25_tis. html. Consultation date: 03/08/2022.
KUZNETSOV, Vitaliy; SYIPLOKI, Mykola. 2022. “Prospects of Criminal Legal Support for the Exchange of Prisoners of War” In: Legal scientific electronic journal. Vol. 6, pp. 185-188.
LB.ua. 2022. Stronger than steel. 188 defenders of Azovstal have been released from captivity, the operation is ongoing. Available online. In: https:// lb.ua/society/2022/09/22/530261_mitsnishi_stal_188_zahisnikiv. html. Consultation date: 22/09/2022.
LEON, David; JDANOV, Dmitri; GERRY, Christopher; GRIGORIEV, Pavel; JASILIONISEF, Domantas; MCKEE, Martin; FRANCE, Meslé; PENINA, Olga; TWIGG, Judyth; VALLIN, Jacques; VÅGERÖ, Denny. 2022. “The Russian invasion of Ukraine and its public health consequences” In: The Lancet Regional Health-Europe. Vol. 15, pp. 1-2.
LIEBRENZ, Michael; BHUGRA, Dinesh; BUADZE, Anna; SCHLEIFER, Roman; SMITH, Alexander; VAN VOREN, Robert. 2022. “Mental health and welfare of prisoners of war and people living in detention in the Ukrainian conflict.” In: The Lancet Psychiatry. Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 344-345.
MALETOV, Dmytro. 2022. “The exchange of prisoners of war as a basis for release from serving a sentence”. In: Harmonization of the legislation of Ukraine with the law of the European Union, pp. 151-154. Available online. In: https://pravo.khmnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/ zbirnyk_2022.pdf#page=152. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
MEDIA INITIATIVE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. 2022. In inhuman conditions without a relief mechanism: how to protect the rights of soldiers in captivity. Available online. In: https://mipl.org.ua/u-nelyudskix- umovax-bez-mexanizmu-dopomogi-yak-zaxistiti-prava-vijskovix-u- poloni/. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
MERNYK, Anastasiia. 2022. Violation of the laws and customs of war by the armed forces of the Russian Federation in Kharkiv during the Russian- Ukrainian war region in February-March 2022 (historical aspect). Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”. Available inline. In: https://doi. org/10.30525/978-9934-26-223-4-152. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE. 2022. The Ministry of Health continues cooperation with the international organization “Doctors Without Borders”, Viktor Lyashko. Available online. In: https://www. kmu.gov.ua/news/moz-prodovzhuie-spivpratsiu-z-mizhnarodnoiu- orhanizatsiieiu-likari-bez-kordoniv-viktor-liashko. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
OMBUDSMAN.GOV.UA. 2022. Authorized: The Russian Federation is torturing Ukrainian prisoners of war. Available online. In: https:// ombudsman.gov.ua/news_details/upovnovazhenij-rosijska-federaciya- katuye-ukrayinskih-vijskovopolonenih. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
OMBUDSMAN.GOV.UA. 2022. Statement of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine regarding the torture and killing of Ukrainian prisoners of war. Available online. In: https://ombudsman. gov.ua/news_details/zayava-upovnovazhenogo-verhovnoyi-radi- ukrayini-z-prav-lyudini-shchodo-katuvan-ta-vbivstva-ukrayinskih- vijskovopolonenih. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
PERUN, Vira. 2022. Ukraine is negotiating with the Russian Federation on the exchange of prisoners according to the formula “all for all”, - Budanov. LB.ua. Available online. In: https://lb.ua/society/2022/09/28/530887_ ukraina_vede_peregovori_z_rf_pro_obmin.html. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/constitution. Consultation date: 10/05/2022.
SHCHYHELSKA, Halyna; PERETS, Nadia. 2022. “Russian War Crimes Against Civilians in the Kyiv Region” In: Collection of theses of the International Scientific Conference “Military conflicts and man-made disasters: historical and psychological consequences.” Available online. In: http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/bitstream/lib/37887/2/MCTD_2022_ Shchyhelska_H-Russian_war_crimes_against_67-69.pdf. Consultation date: 10/08/2022
SVOBODA, Ivo; EPEL, Oksana; SULEIMANOVA, Susanna; IEVENKO, Dmytro; KOVALOVA, Olha. 2022. “The role of the international institutions in the protection of human rights and freedoms in the sphere of national security.” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No.74, pp. 565-584.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1949. Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/995_153#Text. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2015. On the legal regime of the martial law. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389- 19#Text. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2022. On the approval of the Procedure for keeping prisoners of war. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/413-2022-%D0%BF#Text. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2022a. On the imposition of martial law in Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/64/2022#n2. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
YAKOVLIEV, Vitalii. 2022. “Nazi war crimes in Kharkiv region (1941–1943): according to the materials of the Extraordinary State Commission” In: Chronicle of Volyn. All-Ukrainian scientific journal. Vol. 26, pp. 178-185.
ARMAN, Jemma; HENCKAERTS, Jean-Marie; HIEMSTRA, Heleen; KROTIUK, Kvitoslava. 2020. “The updated ICRC Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention: A new tool to protect prisoners of war in the twenty-first century” In: International Review of the Red Cross. Vol. 102, No. 913, pp. 389-416.
CHU, Jonathan A. 2019. “A clash of norms? How reciprocity and international humanitarian law affect American opinion on the treatment of POWs” In: Journal of conflict resolution. Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 1140-1164.
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 2019. Rule 39 requests granted and refused in 2017, 2018 and 2019 by respondent State. European Court of Human Rights. Available online. In: https://echr.coe.int/Documents/ Stats_art_39_01_ENG.pdf. Consultation date: 12/07/2021.
FEDORENKO, Vladyslav; YUKHYMIUK, Olha; ADLER, Oleksandr. 2022. “Violation of fundamental human rights as a result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2022 and the mechanisms of bringing war criminals to legal responsibility” In: Expert: paradigms of legal sciences and public administration. Vol. 2, No. 20, pp. 32-59.
FUTORIANSKA, Kateryna. 2020. “Rule 39 of the Rules of the European Court of Human Rights in Cases with Ukrainian Involvement.” In: Legal scientific electronic journal, Vol. 5, pp. 220-223. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-5/53. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
HUFFMAN, Stephen P. 2018. “International Humanitarian Law in 21st Century Conflict: A Historical Examination of the Third Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949), and its Applicability in Future War. Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth KS. Available online. In: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/ citations/AD1084349. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
HURIN, Anastasia. 2022. “If the priority is to return each of our heroes, then we will have to give in to the punishment of war criminals - the deputy minister of justice.” ZN.UA. Available online. In: https://zn.ua/ukr/ UKRAINE/v-ministerstvi-justitsiji-pojasnili-jak-sudovi-protsesi-nad- rosijskimi-vijskovopolonenimi-vplivajut-na-obmin.html. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
KALLBERG, Jan. 2022. “A Troubling Silence on Prisoners of War.” In: Center for European Policy Analysis (Washington, DC). Available online. In: https://cepa.org/article/a-troubling-silence-on-prisoners-of-war. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
KHOBBI, Yuliya; STOROZHUK, Iryna; SVOBODA, Ivo; KUZMENKO, Serhii; TYMCHYSHYN, Andriy. 2022. “Reforming Techniques to Combat Organized Crime in the Context in View of Securing Human Rights and Freedoms” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No.73, pp. 192-214.
KOROHODSKYI, YURII. 2022. None of the Ukrainian prisoners saw representatives of the Red Cross, - Lubinets. LB.ua. Available online. In: https://lb.ua/society/2022/09/24/530452_zhoden_z_ukrainskih_ polonenih.html. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
KOROHODSKYI, YURII. 2022a. The condition of our discharged soldiers is shocking, - Azov patronage service. Available online. In: https:// lb.ua/society/2022/09/24/530468_stan_zvilnenih_viyskovih.html. Consultation date: 03/08/2022.
KOROHODSKYI, YURII. 2022b. About 2,500 Ukrainians are still held captive by the occupiers, - Vereshchuk. Available online. In: https://lb.ua/ society/2022/09/25/530547_poloni_okupantiv_shche_blizko_25_tis. html. Consultation date: 03/08/2022.
KUZNETSOV, Vitaliy; SYIPLOKI, Mykola. 2022. “Prospects of Criminal Legal Support for the Exchange of Prisoners of War” In: Legal scientific electronic journal. Vol. 6, pp. 185-188.
LB.ua. 2022. Stronger than steel. 188 defenders of Azovstal have been released from captivity, the operation is ongoing. Available online. In: https:// lb.ua/society/2022/09/22/530261_mitsnishi_stal_188_zahisnikiv. html. Consultation date: 22/09/2022.
LEON, David; JDANOV, Dmitri; GERRY, Christopher; GRIGORIEV, Pavel; JASILIONISEF, Domantas; MCKEE, Martin; FRANCE, Meslé; PENINA, Olga; TWIGG, Judyth; VALLIN, Jacques; VÅGERÖ, Denny. 2022. “The Russian invasion of Ukraine and its public health consequences” In: The Lancet Regional Health-Europe. Vol. 15, pp. 1-2.
LIEBRENZ, Michael; BHUGRA, Dinesh; BUADZE, Anna; SCHLEIFER, Roman; SMITH, Alexander; VAN VOREN, Robert. 2022. “Mental health and welfare of prisoners of war and people living in detention in the Ukrainian conflict.” In: The Lancet Psychiatry. Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 344-345.
MALETOV, Dmytro. 2022. “The exchange of prisoners of war as a basis for release from serving a sentence”. In: Harmonization of the legislation of Ukraine with the law of the European Union, pp. 151-154. Available online. In: https://pravo.khmnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/ zbirnyk_2022.pdf#page=152. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
MEDIA INITIATIVE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. 2022. In inhuman conditions without a relief mechanism: how to protect the rights of soldiers in captivity. Available online. In: https://mipl.org.ua/u-nelyudskix- umovax-bez-mexanizmu-dopomogi-yak-zaxistiti-prava-vijskovix-u- poloni/. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
MERNYK, Anastasiia. 2022. Violation of the laws and customs of war by the armed forces of the Russian Federation in Kharkiv during the Russian- Ukrainian war region in February-March 2022 (historical aspect). Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”. Available inline. In: https://doi. org/10.30525/978-9934-26-223-4-152. Consultation date: 10/08/2022.
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE. 2022. The Ministry of Health continues cooperation with the international organization “Doctors Without Borders”, Viktor Lyashko. Available online. In: https://www. kmu.gov.ua/news/moz-prodovzhuie-spivpratsiu-z-mizhnarodnoiu- orhanizatsiieiu-likari-bez-kordoniv-viktor-liashko. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
OMBUDSMAN.GOV.UA. 2022. Authorized: The Russian Federation is torturing Ukrainian prisoners of war. Available online. In: https:// ombudsman.gov.ua/news_details/upovnovazhenij-rosijska-federaciya- katuye-ukrayinskih-vijskovopolonenih. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
OMBUDSMAN.GOV.UA. 2022. Statement of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine regarding the torture and killing of Ukrainian prisoners of war. Available online. In: https://ombudsman. gov.ua/news_details/zayava-upovnovazhenogo-verhovnoyi-radi- ukrayini-z-prav-lyudini-shchodo-katuvan-ta-vbivstva-ukrayinskih- vijskovopolonenih. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
PERUN, Vira. 2022. Ukraine is negotiating with the Russian Federation on the exchange of prisoners according to the formula “all for all”, - Budanov. LB.ua. Available online. In: https://lb.ua/society/2022/09/28/530887_ ukraina_vede_peregovori_z_rf_pro_obmin.html. Consultation date: 20/08/2022.
PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE. 1996. Constitution of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/constitution. Consultation date: 10/05/2022.
SHCHYHELSKA, Halyna; PERETS, Nadia. 2022. “Russian War Crimes Against Civilians in the Kyiv Region” In: Collection of theses of the International Scientific Conference “Military conflicts and man-made disasters: historical and psychological consequences.” Available online. In: http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/bitstream/lib/37887/2/MCTD_2022_ Shchyhelska_H-Russian_war_crimes_against_67-69.pdf. Consultation date: 10/08/2022
SVOBODA, Ivo; EPEL, Oksana; SULEIMANOVA, Susanna; IEVENKO, Dmytro; KOVALOVA, Olha. 2022. “The role of the international institutions in the protection of human rights and freedoms in the sphere of national security.” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 40, No.74, pp. 565-584.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1949. Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/995_153#Text. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2015. On the legal regime of the martial law. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389- 19#Text. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2022. On the approval of the Procedure for keeping prisoners of war. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada. gov.ua/laws/show/413-2022-%D0%BF#Text. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2022a. On the imposition of martial law in Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/64/2022#n2. Consultation date: 12/05/2022.
YAKOVLIEV, Vitalii. 2022. “Nazi war crimes in Kharkiv region (1941–1943): according to the materials of the Extraordinary State Commission” In: Chronicle of Volyn. All-Ukrainian scientific journal. Vol. 26, pp. 178-185.
Publicado
2022-12-29
Cómo citar
Puzyrov, M., Krupko, Y., Mytska, O., Yermak, O., & Sikun, A. (2022). Guaranteeing the Exercise of the Right to Medical Care of Prisoners of War in the Context of International Protection: Garantía del ejercicio del derecho a la atención médica de los prisioneros de guerra en el contexto de la protección internacional. Cuestiones Políticas, 40(75), 717-740. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.43
Sección
Derecho Público
Copyright
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación donde se presenta el artículo, el cual se publica bajo una Creative Commons Attribution License, que permite a otros compartir el trabajo previo el reconocimiento de la autoría del trabajo y de la publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
Esta obra está bajo la licencia:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
