Reforming Techniques to Combat Organized Crime in the Context in View of Securing Human Rights and Freedoms
Técnicas de reforma para combatir el crimen organizado en contexto con miras a garantizar los derechos humanos y las libertades
Palabras clave:
lucha contra el crimen, combatir el crimen, libertades humanas, derechos humanos, crimen organizado
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar deficiencias y hacer sugerencias para el desarrollo de nuevas direcciones estratégicas a fin de hacer más efectivo el combate al crimen organizado, para brindar seguridad y protección de los derechos humanos. Este objetivo se logró a través de los métodos de estadística descriptiva, comparación y contraste, análisis descriptivo, enfoque pragmático. Las principales direcciones estratégicas de las medidas de reforma para combatir el crimen organizado incluyen: cooperación entre agencias gubernamentales, cooperación entre agencias gubernamentales y representantes de la comunidad; destrucción del componente económico de la delincuencia organizada, los mercados delictivos y los vínculos delictivos entre distintos tipos de actividades delictivas; proporcionar el nivel adecuado de educación y alfabetización digital de las fuerzas del orden y otras agencias; involucrar las tecnologías digitales y los resultados de la investigación en la lucha contra el crimen organizado; creación de un marco legal apropiado; garantizar los derechos y libertades de los sospechosos o acusados; establecimiento y desarrollo de la cooperación internacional para combatir el crimen organizado. Este estudio no es exhaustivo, por lo que abre perspectivas para futuras investigaciones sobre cómo mejorar el marco legal y la implementación práctica de sus en la lucha contra el crimen organizado.
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D’SOUZA, Nikki; L’HOIRY, Xavier. 2021. “An area of untapped potential? The use of restorative justice in the fight against serious and organized crime: A perception study.” In: Criminology & Criminal Justice. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 224-241. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.1177/1748895819858379 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
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GACHÚZ, Juan Carlos. 2016. Globalization and organized crime: challenges for international cooperation. Available online. In: https://scholarship. rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/92471/BI-Brief-070616-MEX_ Globalization.pdf?sequence=1 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
GLOBAL INITIATIVE AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME. 2021. Global organized crime index – 2021. Geneva, GIATOC.
GROENLEER, Martijn; CELS, Sanderijn; DE JONG, Jorrit. 2020. Safety in the city: building strategic partnerships in the fight against organized crime. In: C. van Montfort; A. Michels (Eds.), Partnerships for livable cities (pp.
211-228). Cham, Palgrave Macmillan. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-030-40060-6_11. Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
HREBENIUK, Maksym. 2019. “The directions of improving the legislative framework in the sphere of supply state security in the vector - fight against organized crime” In: Public Management (UA). Vol. 4, No. 19, pp. 78-91.
IBRAGIMOV, Ruslan. 2017. “The experience of counteraction to organized crime in the United States” In: European Reforms Bulletin. Vol. 4, pp. 20-24.
INTERPOL. n. d. Homepage. Available online. In: https://www.interpol.int/ Consultation date: 02/01/2022
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BRANKO, Leštanin; ŽELJKO, Nikač. 2019. Fight against organized crime and some contemporary criminalistics methods. International Scientific Conference “Archibald Reiss Days”. Belgrade, Serbia, 6-7 November 2019. Available online. In: http://eskup.kpu.edu.rs/dar/issue/view/3/2 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
MKRTYCHAN, Kristina; KHADZHY, Anna. 2020. “Fight against organized crime” In: Specialized and Multidisciplinary Scientific Researches. Vol. 5, pp. 60-61. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.36074/11.12.2020. v5.19
NELEN, Hans; SIEGEL, Dina. 2017. Contemporary organized crime: developments, challenges and responses, 2nd edition. Cham, Springer Nature. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 56592-3 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
KHODJAEV, Nizamedin. 2017. “Development of cooperation of the states in struggle against organized crime within the limits of the commonwealth of independent states.” In: European Journal of law and Political Sciences. Vol. 1, pp. 36-39.
OHR, Bruce. 2015. “Effective methods to combat transnational organized crime in criminal justice processes.” In: 116th International Training Course Visiting Experts’ Papers, Resource Material Series. Vol. 58, pp. 40-60.
POLICE COMMUNITY OF AMERICA (AMERIPOL). n. d. Homepage. Available online. In: http://www.ameripol.org/portalAmeripol/appmanager/portal/desk?_nfpb=false Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
POPLAVSKY, Andriy. 2019. “Problems of public regulation of activity international cooperation in the fight against organized crime” In: Public Administration Aspects. Vol. 7, No. 1-2, pp. 5-13. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.15421/15191 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
POTAPENKO, Aleksey. 2020. Problems of fight against organized crime. Language and law: discussion of socio-economic and legal issues in English, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, February 27, 2020. Available online. In: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43804069&pf=1 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, Emina. 2020. “Compliance of domestic criminal legislation in the field of international and judicial cooperation with the EU acquis in the fight against organized crime: Security aspect” In: Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta, Novi Sad. Vol. 54, pp. 1575-1586. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-29642 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE COUNCIL. n. d. What is restorative justice? Available online. In: https://restorativejustice.org.uk/what-restorative-justice Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SABET, Daniel. 2012. Organized crime, the police, and accountability In: Police reform in Mexico: informal politics and the challenge of institutional change (pp. 95-139). Redwood City, Stanford University Press. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804782067-007 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SAVONA, Ernesto; RICCARDI, Michele. 2015. From illegal markets to legitimate businesses: the portfolio of organized crime in Europe - final report of project OCP organized crime portfolio. Available online. In: http://hdl.handle.net/10807/121534 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SCHERRER, Amandine. 2009. G8 against transnational organized crime, 1st edition. London, Routledge. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.4324/9781315583761 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SHIRK, David. 2016. “Criminal justice reform in Mexico: an overview” In: Mexican Law Review. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 189-228.
SPANÒ, Rosanna; DI PAOLA, Nadia; CALDARELLI, Adele; VONA, Roberto. 2016. “Accountants’ hybridization and juridification: A critical reflection on the fight against organized crime” In: Public Money & Management.
Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 441-446. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2016.1190208 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
VACCARO, Antonino; PALAZZO, Guido. 2015. “Values against violence: institutional change in societies dominated by organized crime” In: Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 1075-1101. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0865 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
XHOLI, Amarildo. 2017. Organized crime as a perturbing phenomenon for Albania, and measures to be taken to prevent and fight against it. Available online. In: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30456856 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN POLICE COMMANDERS (ASEANAPOL). n. d. ASEANAPOL. Available online. In: http://www. aseanapol.org/ Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
BARNES, Nicholas. 2017. “Criminal politics: an integrated approach to the study of organized crime, politics, and violence” In: Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 967-987. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1537592717002110 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
BERAR, Călin. 2015. “Crime between the need for security and the protection of the human rights” In: Journal of Eastern European Criminal Law. Vol. 1, pp. 162-176.
COOPERATION COUNCIL FOR THE ARAB STATES OF THE GULF (GCCPOL). 2020, June. Criminal risk and threat assessment. Available online. In: https://www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/Criminal%20 Threat%20and%20Risk%20Assessment.pdf Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
D’SOUZA, Nikki; L’HOIRY, Xavier. 2021. “An area of untapped potential? The use of restorative justice in the fight against serious and organized crime: A perception study.” In: Criminology & Criminal Justice. Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 224-241. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.1177/1748895819858379 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF SPAIN. 2019. Estrategia nacional contra el crimen organizado y la delincuencia grave [National strategy against organized crime and serious delinquency]. Available online. In: https://www.dsn.gob.es/es/actualidad/sala-prensa/ estrategia-nacional-contra-crimen-organizado-delincuencia-grave Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. 2021. Fight against organized crime: New 5-year strategy for boosting cooperation across the EU and for better use of digital tools for investigations [press release]. Available online. In: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_1662 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT COOPERATION (EUROPOL). 2021. EUROPOL. Available online. In: https://www. europol.europa.eu/ Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
FIJNAUT, Cyrille. 2016. Transnational organized crime and institutional reform in the European Union: the case of judicial cooperation. In: The containment of organized crime and terrorism, (pp. 461–483). Leiden, Brill Nijhoff. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.1163/9789004281943_027 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
GACHÚZ, Juan Carlos. 2016. Globalization and organized crime: challenges for international cooperation. Available online. In: https://scholarship. rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/92471/BI-Brief-070616-MEX_ Globalization.pdf?sequence=1 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
GLOBAL INITIATIVE AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME. 2021. Global organized crime index – 2021. Geneva, GIATOC.
GROENLEER, Martijn; CELS, Sanderijn; DE JONG, Jorrit. 2020. Safety in the city: building strategic partnerships in the fight against organized crime. In: C. van Montfort; A. Michels (Eds.), Partnerships for livable cities (pp.
211-228). Cham, Palgrave Macmillan. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-030-40060-6_11. Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
HREBENIUK, Maksym. 2019. “The directions of improving the legislative framework in the sphere of supply state security in the vector - fight against organized crime” In: Public Management (UA). Vol. 4, No. 19, pp. 78-91.
IBRAGIMOV, Ruslan. 2017. “The experience of counteraction to organized crime in the United States” In: European Reforms Bulletin. Vol. 4, pp. 20-24.
INTERPOL. n. d. Homepage. Available online. In: https://www.interpol.int/ Consultation date: 02/01/2022
KLYMENKO, Olga. 2018. Principles of cross-border cooperation in the fight against organized crime. Available online. In: http://elar.naiau.kiev. ua/bitstream/123456789/6417/1/111%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%96%D1% 80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_2018_%20%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0% BB_p088-090.pdf Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
BRANKO, Leštanin; ŽELJKO, Nikač. 2019. Fight against organized crime and some contemporary criminalistics methods. International Scientific Conference “Archibald Reiss Days”. Belgrade, Serbia, 6-7 November 2019. Available online. In: http://eskup.kpu.edu.rs/dar/issue/view/3/2 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
MKRTYCHAN, Kristina; KHADZHY, Anna. 2020. “Fight against organized crime” In: Specialized and Multidisciplinary Scientific Researches. Vol. 5, pp. 60-61. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.36074/11.12.2020. v5.19
NELEN, Hans; SIEGEL, Dina. 2017. Contemporary organized crime: developments, challenges and responses, 2nd edition. Cham, Springer Nature. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 56592-3 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
KHODJAEV, Nizamedin. 2017. “Development of cooperation of the states in struggle against organized crime within the limits of the commonwealth of independent states.” In: European Journal of law and Political Sciences. Vol. 1, pp. 36-39.
OHR, Bruce. 2015. “Effective methods to combat transnational organized crime in criminal justice processes.” In: 116th International Training Course Visiting Experts’ Papers, Resource Material Series. Vol. 58, pp. 40-60.
POLICE COMMUNITY OF AMERICA (AMERIPOL). n. d. Homepage. Available online. In: http://www.ameripol.org/portalAmeripol/appmanager/portal/desk?_nfpb=false Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
POPLAVSKY, Andriy. 2019. “Problems of public regulation of activity international cooperation in the fight against organized crime” In: Public Administration Aspects. Vol. 7, No. 1-2, pp. 5-13. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.15421/15191 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
POTAPENKO, Aleksey. 2020. Problems of fight against organized crime. Language and law: discussion of socio-economic and legal issues in English, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, February 27, 2020. Available online. In: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43804069&pf=1 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, Emina. 2020. “Compliance of domestic criminal legislation in the field of international and judicial cooperation with the EU acquis in the fight against organized crime: Security aspect” In: Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta, Novi Sad. Vol. 54, pp. 1575-1586. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-29642 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE COUNCIL. n. d. What is restorative justice? Available online. In: https://restorativejustice.org.uk/what-restorative-justice Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SABET, Daniel. 2012. Organized crime, the police, and accountability In: Police reform in Mexico: informal politics and the challenge of institutional change (pp. 95-139). Redwood City, Stanford University Press. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804782067-007 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SAVONA, Ernesto; RICCARDI, Michele. 2015. From illegal markets to legitimate businesses: the portfolio of organized crime in Europe - final report of project OCP organized crime portfolio. Available online. In: http://hdl.handle.net/10807/121534 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SCHERRER, Amandine. 2009. G8 against transnational organized crime, 1st edition. London, Routledge. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.4324/9781315583761 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
SHIRK, David. 2016. “Criminal justice reform in Mexico: an overview” In: Mexican Law Review. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 189-228.
SPANÒ, Rosanna; DI PAOLA, Nadia; CALDARELLI, Adele; VONA, Roberto. 2016. “Accountants’ hybridization and juridification: A critical reflection on the fight against organized crime” In: Public Money & Management.
Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 441-446. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2016.1190208 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
VACCARO, Antonino; PALAZZO, Guido. 2015. “Values against violence: institutional change in societies dominated by organized crime” In: Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 1075-1101. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0865 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
XHOLI, Amarildo. 2017. Organized crime as a perturbing phenomenon for Albania, and measures to be taken to prevent and fight against it. Available online. In: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30456856 Consultation date: 02/01/2022.
Publicado
2022-07-05
Cómo citar
Khobbi, Y., Storozhuk, I., Svoboda, I., Kuzmenko, S., & Tymchyshyn, A. (2022). Reforming Techniques to Combat Organized Crime in the Context in View of Securing Human Rights and Freedoms: Técnicas de reforma para combatir el crimen organizado en contexto con miras a garantizar los derechos humanos y las libertades. Cuestiones Políticas, 40(73), 192-214. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.09
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