COVID-19: Regulation of Migration Processes in The European Legal Area

• Tamara O. Kortukova Kyiv University of Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
• Maryna O. Dei National Aviation University
• Andrii M. Blahodarnyi National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine.
• Natalіya V. Kaminska National Academy of Internal Affairs, Ukraine.

Palabras clave: COVID-19, migration in Europe, internal and external borders of the EU, freedom of movement, European legal space.

Resumen

The rapid spread of the virus around the globe, the widespread introduction of restrictions on freedom of movement and declarations by governments about the great threat to public health on a global scale, have had a serious impact on migration processes in the world. The European legal space has some regulation of migration processes, developed within the framework of the EU, the Council of Europe and the OSCE. However, COVID-19 presented him with some additional challenges. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal regulation of migration processes within the European legal area in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main method to study this problem is the comparative analysis, which allows to compare the legal regulation of migration processes during COVID-19 in three organizations: the European Union, the Council of Europe and the OSCE. In conclusion, the pandemic once again demonstrated the tendencies of national isolation, which exist in the European continent. The EU closes internal borders, the members of the Council of Europe make an exception to the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights, but they do not notify the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

Citas

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION COVID-19. 2020. Guidance on the implementation of relevant EU provisions in the area of asylum and return procedures and on resettlement. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1587138114770&uri=CELEX:52020XC0417(07). Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION. 2020. Guidelines concerning the exercise of the free movement of workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020XC0330(03). Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES. 1951. Available online. In: https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 2020. Available online. In: https://www.coe.int/en/web/cpt/home. Consultation date: 02/01/2020.

COVID-19 EMERGENCY MEASURES IN ASYLUM AND RECEPTION SYSTEMS. 2020. Available online. In: https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/covid19-emergency-measures-asylum-reception-systems.pdf. Consultation date: 02/01/2020.

COVID-19: TEMPORARY RESTRICTION ON NON-ESSENTIAL TRAVEL TO THE EU. 2020. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0115. Consultation date: 20/12/2019.

DENYSOV, Viktor; FALALEEVA, Lyudmila. 2018. “Supernationality as a legal reality of international integration”. In: Law of Ukraine. Num. 1, pp. 214-231.

DIRECTIVE 2004/38/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2004. On the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) No. 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004L0038. Consultation date: 20/12/2019.

EUROPEAN BORDER AND COAST GUARD AGENCY. 2020. Available online. In: https://frontex.europa.eu/. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS. 1950. Available online. In: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf. Consultation date: 08/01/2020.

FEINBERG, MYRIAM; NIADA-AVSHALOM, LAURA; TOEBES, BRIGIT. 2018. National Security, Public Health: Exceptions to Human Rights? New York, USA.

GLOBAL COMPACT FOR SAFE REGULAR AND ORDERLY MIGRATION. 2019. Available online. In: https://www.iom.int/global-compact-migration. Consultation date: 08/01/2020.

GUILD, Elspeth; GRANT, Stefanie. 2017. “What role for the EU in the UN negotiations on a global compact on migration?” In: CEPS. Num. 5, pp.1-16.

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF ALL MIGRANT WORKERS AND MEMBERS OF THEIR FAMILIES. 1990. Available online. In: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CMW.aspx. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS. 1966. Available online. In: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS. 1966. Available online. In: https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

KONSTADINIDES, Theodore. 2016. “Customary international law as a source of EU law: a two-way fertilization route” In: Yearbook of the European Law. Num. 1, pp. 513-532.

MALINOVSKAYA, Olena. 2018. Migration policy: global context and Ukrainian realities. Kyiv: NISS.

PALM, Anja. 2016. “Did 2016 mark a new start for EU external migration policy, or was it business as usual?” In: IAI Working Paper. Vol. 16, No. 33, pp.1-18.

PEERS, Steven. 2012. “Towards a common immigration policy”. In: European Journal of Migration and Law. No. 14, pp. 33-61.

POLIVANOVA, Oksana. 2012. “Legal regulation of freedom of movement for workers in the European Union”. In: Current Issues of International Relations. Num. 1, pp. 258-266.

POPULATION REGISTRATION GUIDELINES. 2009. Available online. In: https://www.osce.org/ru/odihr/39497?download=true. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

REGULATION (EU) 2016/399 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. 2016. On a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code). Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32016R0399. Consultation date: 02/01/2020.

SCHANE, Martin. 2009. “The state strikes back: immigration policy in the European Union”. In: The European Journal of International Law. No. 1, pp. 93-109.

SIRACUSA PRINCIPLES ON THE LIMITATION AND DEROGATION OF PROVISIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS. 1984. Available online. In: https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/jus/humanrights/HUMR5503/h09/undervisningsmateriale/SiracusaPrinciples.pdf. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

THE HELSINKI FINAL ACT. 1975. Available online. In: https://www.osce.org/helsinki-final-act. Consultation date: 08/01/2020.

THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 1948. Available online. In: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.

TREATY ON FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. 2009. Available online. In: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A12012E%2FTXT. Consultation date: 03/01/2020.